Unit 1 Our living planet 知识点教案-高中英语牛津译林版(2020)选修第一册

选修一Unit1Ourlivingplanet知识点教案Teachingobjectives1.知识目标：学生能够掌握本单元词汇的基本含义2.技能目标：学生能够掌握本单元词汇的基本运用3.情感目标：学生能够更有信心学习英语Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握本单元词汇的基本含义2.掌握本单元词汇的基本含义Teachingprocedures：I.单词和短语英汉互译1._____n.空间探测器，探索，探究，探针vt.&vi.调查，探究2._____adj.地质学的，地质的3._____adj.地理的，地理学的4._____n.气象学5._____n.形成，形成物，组成物，构成物，队形，编队，构造，地层6._____adj.海洋的，海上的，海产的，海运的，航海的，海事的，海上贸易的7._____n.生物，有机体，机体，有机组织，微生物，组织8._____n.滤器，过滤器，滤色器，滤光器，滤声器9._____vt.捕获，俘获，用武力占领，夺取，获取，夺得，斩获，赢得10._____adj.后弯的，向后弯曲的，倒钩的11._____n.繁殖，生殖，复制，声音的录制，艺术品的复制品，再现，再造12._____n.朋友，伙伴，哥们，伙伴，配偶，交配对象，商船上的大副13._____n.虾，类虾甲壳动物vi.钓虾14._____adj.热液作用的，热水作用的，热液的15._____adj.水下使用的，可水下航行的，可潜水的n.潜水器16._____n.纱，纱线，毛线vi.编、讲故事，胡诌17._____adj.潮汐的，

潮的，潮水似的18._____adj.引力的，重力引起的，重力的19._____n.人行道，石板铺的地面，路面20._____n.窄缝，缝隙，裂痕，爆裂声vi.&vt.裂开，破裂，发出爆裂声21._____n.地幔，覆盖层，覆盖物vt.覆盖22._____n.地质学，地质特征，地质情况23._____adj.有启迪作用的，让人受启发的，有启迪的，使人感悟的24._____adj.内心深处的，最里面的，最深处的，最靠近中心的25._____n.无花果树，无花果，无花果状植物26._____n.蜃景，海市蜃楼，幻象，幻想27._____adj.光的，光学的，视力的，视觉的，有助于视力的28.inthetwilight________29.Darwin’stheoryof

evolution________30.captureone’sattention________31.inequalmeasure___________32.scarceresources________33.thermal

underwear________34.pavethewayfor…=laythefoundationfor…__________35.leapyear_______36.therotationoftheearthuponits

axis________37.laydown________38.asyet________39.closeup________40.sparenoeffortinsth_______41.sparenoefforttodosth__________42.Itiswidelyacceptedthat…__________43.cast/throw/shedlighton…___________44.nottoworry___________II.词汇运用1.proben.空间探测器，探索，探究，探针vt.&vi.调查，探究，用探针等仪器探查InformationaboutVenusobtainedbyRussianprobeshasbeenpublishedonsomemagazines.Theylaunchedaprobeintothedisappearanceofgovernmentfunds.Theimagesentbackbytheprobeisveryclear.Thebrainsurgeonaskedthenursetopasshimaprobe.(脑外科医生要护士将探针递给他。)Thedoctorwillprobeyourstomachwithacamera.Icouldnotprobeintothemysteryofhisspeech.Thejournalistwasprobingintoseveralfinancialscandals.

Usinga

probe,thedoctorremovedtheglassfromthewound.(医生用探针将伤口中的玻璃取了出来。)Acommitteehasbeensetupto

probe

theparty’selectoralpractices.2.geological/geologicadj.地质学的，地质的the

geological

featuresofthedesert这片沙漠的地质特征alengthy

geological

survey一次漫长的地质勘察Theactualgeologicalexamplesshowthatthemethodiseffective.GeologicalenthusiastscouldalsofollowavolcanictrailthroughCentralAmerica.Hewasavisitingprofessorof

geology

attheUniversityofBeijing.They’restudyingthevegetationand

geology

ofthearea.(他们正在研究这个地区的植被和地质情况。)3.geographic/geographicaladj.地理的，地理学的Thecity’ssuccessowesmuchtoits

geographic

position.Inthewesternprovincestherearedifferent

geographic

formations.EachpointonEarthisspecifiedby

geographic

latitudeandlongitude.4.meteorologicaladj.气象的adverse

meteorological

conditions不利的气象条件Unitsandindividualsthatmakeoutstandingcontributionsin

meteorological

workshallberewarded.Therewere256

meteorological

observatorieswithradarinstallationsand356satellitecloudmapreceivingstations.Floodandtyphoonskilled2000peoplelastyear,accordingtotheChinaMeteorologicalAdministration.Whenitcomestometeorology,I’mjustalayman.(谈到气象学，我只是个门外汉。)Meteorologistshavepredictedmildrainsforthenextfewdays.5.formationn.形成，形成物，组成物，构成物，队形，编队，构造，地层unusualgeologicalformations不同寻常的地质构造Letusnowexaminetheprocessofitsformation.Schoollifehasagreatinfluenceontheformationofachild’scharacter.Thetroopslinedupinparadeformation.Thewarshipisusuallyatthefrontofthewholeformation.(战斗舰常在整个编队的前列。)Thenamewaschangedtwoyearsaftertheclub’s

formation.Thedancersstepintoa

formation

whichrepresentsthehumanbeing.Cloudsareformationsoftinydropsofwaterinthesky.

Hewasflyinginformationwithsevenotherjets.MinisterofHealthChenZhuaddressedthefoundingceremony,callingthecenter’sformationakeystepforChinainguardingfoodsafety.Thereareseveralkindsofcloud

formation.(

云层结构有好几种。)6.marineadj.海洋的，海上的，海产的，海运的，航海的，海事的，海上贸易的n.海运业，船运，海军士兵，水兵，海滨风景画marine

insuranceclaims海事保险索赔marinecourt海事法庭marineenvironment

海洋环境Difficultasitmaybetobelieve,Iwasa

marine.Marine

insuranceisgovernedbyastrictseriesofrulesandregulations.(海上保险受到一系列法律法规的严格限制。)Hisfatherisamarinebiologist.Waterpollutionimperilsallkindsofmarinelife.Heworksforthemarinecourt.Therocksarecoveredbymarineplants.Theriskofbreakageiscoveredbymarineinsurance,isn’tit?(破碎险是包括在海洋运输货物险之内的，对吗？)AsmallnumberofMarineswerewounded.(几名海军陆战队士兵受了伤。)Marine

mammals

generally

swim

withthecurrent.One

lesson

is

to

avoid

unbalancing

the

marine

environment.

Asthebasin

was

refilled,

normal

marine

organisms

returned.

The

new

marine

reserve,

nowthe

largest

in

thePacific,will

permit

no

fishing

or

mining.

7.imperilvt.使陷入危险，危及AvictoryforAllendewouldimperilourinterestsintheWesternHemisphere.Thesecurityofthecountryhadbeenimperiled.You

imperiled

thelivesofotherroadusersbyyourdriving.Attacksonnetworkincreaserapidlyintherecentyearsand

imperil

thesecurityofnetwork.Violenceandmilitaryattackswill

imperil

anismn.生物，有机体，机体，有机组织，微生物，组织Germsmayinvadetheorganism.Thebusinessisalarge,complicatedorganism.Thehuman

organism

learnspartlybynature,partlybynurture.(人类机体的学习能力部分是天生的，部分是后天培养的。)Anorganismadaptsbestwhenstressesareslightlyincreased.Notallchemicalsnormallypresentinliving

organisms

areharmless.Thecompletesetofgenesforan

organism

iscalleditsgenome.Howdoesenergyflowfromone

organism

toanother?Abacteriumisaverysmall

organism

madeupofonecell.9.twilightn.微光，暮色，黄昏，衰落期，没落期，暮年期adj.黄昏的，衰落的，模糊的inthetwilight在暮色中Theyreturnedat

twilight.Hewasbroughtupinthe

twilight

yearsoftheAustro-HungarianEmpire.Sheoftensitsinthegardenattwilight.Readinginthetwilightisbadfortheeyes.Wrestlingisinatwilightzonebetweensportandentertainment.(摔跤是介於运动和娱乐两者之间的活动。)Theoldmanisinthetwilightofhiscareer.twilight,dusk,evening,dark这组词都有“傍晚”、“黄昏”的意思。其区别是：evening指人们傍晚下班后至就寝前的一段时间，也可指晚会。twilight指昼夜交替、光明与黑暗互相渗透的时刻，即黄昏，主要指黄昏日落之时。dusk专指接近夜晚的黄昏暮色苍茫的时刻。dark作名词时是不可数名词，表示“傍晚”时，其前不能加冠词，与dusk意思差不多；表示“黑暗、无光”时，通常其前加the；inthe

dark有两种意思：“在黑暗中”，“不知、蒙在鼓里”。10.filtern.滤器，过滤器，滤色器，滤光器，滤声器，过滤/筛选程序vt.过滤，用程序筛选filterfeeders滤食性动物filterinto…渗入……filterout滤出filterthrough…滤过……，透过……Weusuallyclearthewaterwithafilter.Youcanalsofiltertofocusonspecificareas.Ayellowfilterisplacedinfrontofthecameralenstoassurethatnobluelightwillbeimaged.Itwon’ttakelongtofilterthecoffee.Wemustfilteroutthedirt.Thesunlightfilteredthroughthecurtains.(阳光透过窗帘映了进来。)Theenginebreathesthroughthisair

filter.Apaleblue

filter

gavethecorrectcolorbalance.evolvevi.&vt.进化，演化，逐步发展，演变，使逐步发展，使演变Darwin’stheoryof

evolution达尔文的进化论HowdidGiotto

evolve

thisverypersonalstyle?Speciesdifferentiateasthey

evolve.Hehasevolvedanewtheoryaftermanyyearsofresearch.(他经过多年的研究，逐渐总结出了新的理论。)Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?ManyVictorianswereshockedbythenotionthatManhadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Thecompanyhas

evolved

intoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.Maize

evolved

fromawildgrassinMexico.Occupationalsecuritymust

evolve

withChina'seconomicreforms.Within30years,humanscouldbedebatingwhethertotakechargeoftheirownevolution.Ourwatchwordis:‘Evolution,notrevolution’.(我们的口号是:“要循序渐进,不要剧烈变革”。)

Humanbeingsarenotsomecasualandmeaninglessproductof

evolution.development，evolution都有“发展”或“进化”之意。development强调通过一系列自然过程或人工方法使某物潜在或隐藏的可能性显露出来，得以实现。evolution侧重指事物由简到繁，由低级到高级的连续发展，强调变化或演变。11.notionn.观念，见解，看法，念头Heseemstohavetakena

notion

tobecomingajournalist.The

notion

wasdiscussedprivatelybetweenthetwomenatlunch.12.capturevt.捕获，俘获，用武力占领，夺取，获取，夺得，斩获，赢得n.被捕获，被抓获，俘虏，捕获物，战利品，夺取，占领，攻占tocapturesb’sheart掳获某人的心，博得某人的心SwansonpersuadedHubleytoworkundercoverto

capture

thekiller.(斯万森劝说赫布利做卧底以逮捕凶手。)captureone’sattention引起某人的关注Theanimalsarecapturedinnetsandsoldtolocalzoos.Rebelforcesfinallycapturedthevillage.ThecompanylooksforwardtocapturingtheCanadianmarket.Thenovelcapturedtheimaginationofthousandsofreaders.Hecapturedababy’ssmileinhisphotograph.(他拍摄到一个婴儿的微笑。)Theguerrillasshotdownoneaeroplaneandcapturedthepilot.Theincidentwascapturedonvideotape.(这一事件被拍摄下来。)TheimageswerecapturedbyTVcrewsfilmingoutsidethebase.(这些镜头被正在基地外拍摄的电视台工作人员捕捉到了。)We

wantto

capture

these

individual

stories

ofthe

workerswho

still

live

there.

Today’s

collection

provides

some

amazing

examples

of

stormy

photography

which

can

be

very

difficultto

capture.

13.backward-curvingadj.后弯的，向后弯曲的，倒钩的backward-curvinghorns后弯的角Oncethesefisharecaptured,thehunters’back-curvingteethpreventthemfromgettingaway.14.inequalmeasure在同样程度上Evolution,itseems,helpsboththehunterandthehuntedinequalmeasure.Westernerslookat

the

eyes

and

the

mouth

in

equal

measure,

whereas

Easterners

favor

theeyes

and

neglect

themouth.

They’ve

designed

an

‘invisible’

bridge

that’s

spectacular

and

scary

in

equal

measure.

Thegreatestmathematicians,as

Archimedes,

Newton

and

Gauss,alwaysunitedtheoryandapplicationin

equal

measure.

(如阿基米德、牛顿与高斯这样的最伟大的数学家，总是不偏不倚地把理论与应用结合起来。)These

havewon

praise

and

condemnation

in

roughly

equal

measure.15.solelyadv.单独地，唯一地，仅仅，只是，完全地，全部地Womenaresometimesdeniedopportunities

solely

becauseoftheirgender.Weshouldnotjudgeeducation

solely

onexaminationresults.Wedepend

solely

uponourvoluntaryhelpers.Heoftenwentoutsolelyatnight.Youaresolelyresponsibleforthejob.Ididitsolelyforhissake.16.reproductionn.繁殖，生殖，复制，声音的录制，艺术品的复制品，再现，再造Herdescriptionofthemeetingisanexactreproductionofthereunion.(她对会面的描述是这次团聚的真实再现。)Thequalityofreproductionisn’tverygoodonthisrecording.Wehavebeenabletodivorcesexfrom

reproduction.(我们已经能够将性和生育完全分开了。)Thecraftsmenhaveensuredfaithful

reproduction

oftheoriginalpainting.(工匠保证要复制一幅最接近原作的画。)Inhuman

reproduction,onefemaleeggisusuallyfertilizedbyonesperm.copy，duplicate，model，reproduction，facsimile均有“复制品”之意。copy普通用词，含义广泛，指精确的或不精确的复制品。duplicate常指完全一模一样，可代替原件的复制品。model可指按某物式样制造、按比例缩小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。reproduction指按原物复制的产品，着重复制品与原物相似。facsimile含义与copy大体相同，但较文雅。17.scarceadj.缺乏的，稀少的scarceresources稀缺资源Warmthis

scarce,andfoodisabsent.(温暖不保，食物缺乏。)Jobsare

scarce

thesedays.Thepriceoffoodhasrisenandimportedgoodsare

scarce.Freshfoodisso

scarce

thatpriceshaverocketed.Foodandfuelwerescarceinthisregion.Foodcommandsahigherpricewhenitisscarce.(食物供应不足时，售价较高。)Goodfruitisscarceinwinterandcostsalot.Wescarcelyeverusedthereservegenerator.(我们几乎从未用过这台备用发动机)Scarcelyhadhearrivedwhenhehadtoleaveagain.Theycouldscarcelycomplainaftersuchgoodtreatment.scarce,rare都可表示“不可多得的”。scarce指暂时不可多得无珍贵的含意，有“物以稀为贵”之意；rare强调稀有、珍贵。18.maten.朋友，伙伴，哥们，伙伴，配偶，交配对象，商船上的大副vi.交配，结婚，结为伉俪vt.使交配，使成配偶Ithoughtshewasanidealmate.(我认为她是我的理想配偶。)WhoisyourbestmateatLiverpool?Icamewithmyoffice-mate.Hematedwordswithdeeds.It’shightimetomatethedoves.Manyanimalsmateinthespring.19.shrimpn.虾，类虾甲壳动物vi.钓虾Whenthe

shrimp

farmisbuiltitwillblockthestream.Atanasordereda

shrimp

cocktailandasalad.Shrimp/Shrimps

areraisedinlonguniformponds,frozeninthenearbypackingplantandshippednorth.Youcancatchoverahundredpoundsofshrimp.Theywillgoshrimpingthisafternoon.(今天下午他们去钓虾。)20.hydrothermaladj.热液作用的，热水作用的，热液的hydrothermalvent海底热水流火山口hydrothermalventfield热液活动区Mineralizedhydrothermalwatermainlyoriginatedfromtheatmosphericrainfall.(矿热液的水主要来自大气降水。)Itallbeganin1977withtheexplorationof

hydrothermal

ventsontheoceanfloor.(一切始于1977年的一次海底上深海热泉的探索。)21.ventn.(烟雾、液体等进出的)孔、口，排放口，地壳裂口，发泄vt.发泄，为……开排放口Leavea

vent

opentoletsomemoistairescape.Thesteamfoundaventthroughacrackinthepipe.(蒸气从管子的裂缝漏出去。)Theventisnotbigenoughtogetthesmokeout.Theexplosioncrackstheearth'ssurfaceandscattersashandhugechunksofrockformanykilometersaroundthevent.Shegaveventtoherindignationinafieryspeech.(她在一篇激烈的演说中发泄怒气。)Ilookdownonapersonwhoventshisangeronhisfamilyafterhavingabaddayatwork.22.fluidn.液体，流体adj.

流动的，流畅的，不定的，流利的，流畅优美的There’ssomesortofstickyfluidonthekitchenfloor.Airisafluidbutnotaliquid,whilewaterisbothafluidandaliquid.Wehavenotenoughfluidcapital.Theprofessorpraisedherfluidstyleinthecomposition.Britainisnotatrulyfluidsociety.(英国不是一个真正多变的社会。)23.thermaladj.热的，热量的，温的，保暖的，热量的，保热的，防寒的n.上升的热气流thermal

underwear保暖内衣Thethermalenergyhasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Thesearethermalunits.(这些是热量单位。)Mymotherhasboughtthethermalunderwearforme.Whileflying,youfeelaweakthermal.24.awaitvt.等候，期待，将降临于Weawaityourshippinginstructions.(我们等候你们的装船指示。)Iamawaitingtheirreply.Weeagerlyawaityourearlyarrival.Awarmwelcomeawaitsyou.(你将受到热烈的欢迎。)Ishallawaithearingfromyou.=Ishallwaittohearfromyou.25.submersible=submergibleadj.水下使用的，可水下航行的，可潜水的n.潜水器，可潜船Submersiblepumpsareatworkunderwater.(潜水电泵是在水下工作的。)InJune2012,China’sfirstdeep-seamannedsubmersible,Jiaolong,setaworlddivingrecordforsubmersiblesofitskind.26.pavevt.铺，铺砌，铺路，铺设，铺满pavethewayfor…为……铺平道路、创造条件=laythefoundationfor…为……奠定基础Theroadwaspavedwithcobblestones.ThetowncouncildecidedtopavethesquarebeforetheHall.Ourgardeniswellpavedwithflowers.(我们的园子里鲜花遍地。)Theireconomicpolicypavethewayforindustrialexpansion.27.leapn.跳跃，骤变，激增，剧增vt.&vi.跃过，跳过，跳，跳跃，飞腾，突然做某事leapyear闰年Thethiefleapedthewallandranaway.Hisnameleaptoutatmefromthenewspaper.(报纸上他的名字一下子跳入我的眼帘。)Hegotoverthestreamwithasingleleap.Thesharepriceislikelyto

leap

upwards.Theysawthedriver

leap

theroadsidewall.28.spinvi.&vt.旋转，纺线，使旋转，使甩干，使脱水，将……纺成线，把……抽成丝，吐丝结网、茧），眩晕n.高速旋转，旋转动作，脱水，眩晕togivesthaspin旋转一下某物，尝试某事along/shortspin长/短时间脱水togoforaspin出去兜风onthespin相继，接连tospinyourwheels白费劲，劳而无功Thewheels

spin

andthecargoesnowhere.Allthosefiguresmakemypoorhead

spin.(所有这些数字弄得我头昏脑胀。)Inthedazzleof10,000lights,performersdanceand

spin.(万盏耀目灯光下，演员们旋转起舞。)Itallrestsonthe

spin

ofthecoin.(这完全取决于抛掷硬币的结果。)Mysistercanspinonhertoeslikeadancer.Inspring,theyspintheircocoons.Let’sgoforaspininmynewcar.I’vebeeninarealspinallmorning.(我整个上午都晕头转向的。)Motherusedtospinherownyarn.29.yarnn.纱，纱线，毛线vi.编、讲故事，胡诌Shestillspinsthe

yarn

herself.Woolfiberscanbespunintoyarn.Thetailorwasballingtheyarn.(裁缝正在把线缠成线团。)Westayedupyarninguntilmidnight.(我们讲故事一直讲到半夜才睡。)Theoldmarinerlikedtoyarnabouthisseaadventures.30.axis(pl.axes)n.旋转轴，中轴，坐标轴，对称中心线，(国与国之间的联盟)轴心国theearth’saxis地轴therotationoftheearthuponits

axis地球的绕轴自转TheEarthspinsonitsown

axis.TemperatureisontheY

axis.(Y轴代表温度。)Theearthturns/rotatesonitsaxisonceevery24hours.Theearth’saxisisthelinebetweentheNorthandSouthPoles.Theaxisofacircleisitsdiameter.31.tidaladj.潮汐的，

潮的，潮水似的Thefloodoflettershithimwiththeforceofatidalwave.(信件如潮水般向他涌来。)Amassive

tidal

waveswepttheshipupandaway.(一股巨大的潮波把那艘船掀起来卷走了。)The

tidal

streamgraduallydecreasesintheshallows.

A

tidal

wavecausedcatastrophicdamagetothecoast.32.laydown放下，积存，停止使用，搁置，规定，制定Theenemywerecompelledto

laydown

theirarms.Tidalrecordslaiddowninancientrivermouthsrevealdifferentlengthsofdaysandyearsinthepast.Ithasbeenlaiddownthatallemployeesmustsubmittheirreportsbytheendofthemonth.33.rotationn.旋转的一周，一圈，旋转，行星等的自转，自转的一周，一圈，轮种the

rotation

oftheearthuponitsaxis地球的绕轴自转Therotationoftheearthroundthesuntakesoneyear.Theseasonsfolloweachotherinrotation.(四季循环交替。)Therotationofcropskeepsthesoilhealthyandfertile.Thechairmanshipofthecommitteechangesinrotation.(委员会主席一职是轮流担任的。)Gently

rotate

yourhips.Rotate

theheadclockwiseandcounterclockwise.(先按顺时针然后按逆时针方向转动头部。)Thepostofchairmanrotatesamongmembersofthecommittee.Herotatesthehandlegently.Doestheearthrotateonanaxis?34.gravitationaladj.引力的，重力引起的，重力的Theyarelikelysourcesofgravitationalwaves.Propertiesofspacemustdependonthegravitationalpotential.(

空间性质一定与引力势有关。)The

gravitational

pulloftheearthattractsobjectstoit.Ifaspacecrafttravelsfasterthan11kmasecond,itescapestheearth’s

gravitational

pull.Aneutronstarhasa

gravitational

fieldstrongenoughtogenerateX-rays.(中子星强大的重力场足以产生X射线。)35.altervt.&vi.使改变，使改动，使改换，使修改，更改，改变，改动，改换，修改，更改更合身地改做衣服等Butnothingcanalterthefacts.Everybody’scircumstances

alter

overtime.Thatdoesn’t

alter

myfeelingstowardshim.Nothinghisfriendsmightsaycould

alter

thefactthathehadfailed.Ifyournewcoatistoolarge,atailorcan

alter

ittofityou.

To

alter

theshapeofbypressureorstress.(通过压力使变形。)36.pavementn.人行道，石板铺的地面，路面The

pavement’sslippery.Hewashurryingalongthe

pavement.Sheisapavementsweeper.Touristscrowdedthepavement.(游客把人行道挤得水泄不通。)path，road，way，street，highway，avenue，motorway，route，lane，pavement，trail均有“路”之意。path多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。road指连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。way普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。street尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物。highway通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。avenue在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通往乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。motorway高速公路，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。route指从此处通往彼处的路线等。lane指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指车道和小巷。pavement在英国多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewalk表示人行道。trail指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。37.crackn.窄缝，缝隙，裂痕，爆裂声vi.&vt.裂开，破裂，发出爆裂声，发出噼啪声，使破裂，使断裂，使裂开，使发出爆裂声toopensthacrack把某物微微打开一点thecrackofawhip鞭子的噼啪声tocrackundersth屈服于某事物tocrackit成功，达到目的tocrackasmile绽出微笑Theglasswillcrackifyoupourboilingwaterintoit.Youmaycrackthesenutswithahammer.Icrackedtwoeggsintothefryingpan.Thundercrackedoverhead.Dadfellandcrackedhisheadagainstthedoor.(爸爸摔倒了，头重重地撞在门上。)Hisvoicecrackedwithemotion.(由于激动，他的声音变得嘶哑。)Anyonecancrackunderpressure.(任何人在压力之下都会崩溃。)Policearecrackingdownondrugdealers.(警方现对贩毒分子严惩不贷。)Thereisacrackinthiswindow.Theywormedtheirwayoutthroughthecrackinthewall.(他们好不容易才从墙上的裂缝处爬了出来。)Afteronlyayear,cracksstartedtoappearintheirmarriage.(仅一年后，他们的婚姻就开始出现裂痕。)Thebranchbrokewithasharpcrack.(树枝折断时发出刺耳的劈啪声。)Hewasstruckwithasmartcrackonthehead.(他头上突然被猛击了一下。)Kathrynhadseenhimthrougha

crack

inthecurtains.Crack

theeggsintoabowl.38.mantlen.地幔，覆盖层，覆盖物vt.覆盖totakeonthemantleof…继承……的衣钵，承担……的责任Themountainwascoveredwithamantleofsnow.(山上覆盖着一层雪。)Theearthhasacoreandamantlearoundit.(地球的中心是地核，地核的周围是地幔。)Snowmantledthehills.Thewholecityisinamantleofdensemist.Herfacewasmantledinjoy.(她的脸快乐得通红。)39.asyet直到现在，到目前为止Asyet,nomanhassetfootonMars.Asyetlittlewasknownofthecausesofthedisease.Scientistshavedrilledverydeepholesbutnoneofthemhavereachedthemantleasyet.40.closeup暂时关闭，使靠近，使变窄狭，愈合Thewoundinhisarmhasbegunto

closeup.(他手膀上的伤口开始收口了。)Sorry,madam,weare

closingup

forlunch.(很抱歉，小姐，我们现在要关门吃午饭。)Getreadyto

closeup.It’salreadythree.Theofficerorderedthemento

closeup.(军官命令士兵靠拢。)Hiswoundclosedupafteraweek.(他的伤口一周后愈合了。)41.geologyn.地质学，地质特征，地质情况Iknownothingaboutgeology.Geologyisthescienceoftheearth’shistory.Thestudentswenttostudythegeologyofthatregion.(学生们去研究那个地区的地质情况。)Mineralogyisabrandofthegreatearthsciencegeology.They'restudyingthevegetationand

geology

ofthearea.(他们正在研究这个地区的植被和地质情况。)42.minen.矿，矿井，矿藏，地雷pron.我的vt.开采，采掘vi.开矿，采矿ofmine我的tominespforsth在某地开采某物

tomineforsth开采某物Heisadistantcousinofmine.Theminewasclosedowingtoexhaustion.Theship’sbowwasblownoffbyamine.(船头给一枚水雷炸掉了。)Agoodencyclopediaisamineofinformation.(一部好的百科全书是一座知识宝库。)Peoplestillmineforcoalinthisarea.Thecoastalroutehadbeen

mined.(沿海道路上布了地雷。)43.thrivevi.兴隆，兴旺，繁荣，蓬勃发展，茁壮成长tobethriving正茁壮成长Hiscompanycontinuesto

thrive.Thetropicalplants

thrivedwellunderourcare.Abusinesscannotthrivewithoutgoodmanagement.Mayourcountryprosperandthriveforever!Fewplantsoranimalsthriveinthedesert.Childrenthriveonfreshairandgoodfood.(儿童的健康成长需要有新鲜的空气和富有营养的食物。)44.enlighteningadj.有启迪作用的，让人受启发的，有启迪的，使人感悟的Hiscampaignhadbeenan

enlightening

experience,heclaimed.Shewasanxioustoenlightenmeabouttheeventsthatledtothedispute.(她急着要使我明白引起这场争执的那些事情。)It

isenlightening

forteachers’professionaldevelopmentandeducationalscientificresearchesinChina.45.crustn.面包皮，地壳，外壳，坚硬的外壳Thecrustonthesnowwasthickenoughforustowalkonit.Thecrustofthebreadisburnt.Pleasecutthebreadintoslicesandremovethecrust.Earthquakescanresultfromstressesintheearth's

crust.Themostancientpartsofthecontinental

crust

are4000millionyearsold.Asthewaterevaporates,a

crust

ofsaltisleftonthesurfaceofthesoil.46.innermostadj.内心深处的，最里面的，最深处的，最靠近中心的Sheencourageshertoexpressherinnermostfeelings.Icouldnotexpressmyinnermostfeelingstoanyone.Thereisagroupofmonkeysintheinnermostdepthsoftheforest.Sheputthereceiptintothe

innermost

pocketofherbag.Shesharedsomeofher

innermost

secretswithhim.47.fign.无花果树，无花果，无花果状植物Abeautiful

fig

treethathadstoodintheiryardwasleaflessandbarren.Themostbeautifulfigmaycontainaworm.48.miragen.蜃景，海市蜃楼，幻象，幻想Ithoveredbeforehiseyeslikethe

mirage

ofanoasis.Hisideaoflovewasa

mirage.A

mirage

isanopticalillusionfoundedonwavesofheat.(海市蜃楼是由大气热浪潮产生的一种光学幻觉。)Oh,becoolaboutit.Itisjusta

mirage.(不要那么激动,只不过是海市蜃楼而已。)Ifyouareluckyenough,youmaybeabletoseea

mirage

from