高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册定语从句要点复习课件

定语从句概述形容词做定语与从句做定语比较我不喜欢懒人。Idon’tlikelazypeople.我不喜欢不守信用的人。Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.总结：形容词做定语，放在被修饰名词前面；完整的句子做定语，要放在被修饰的名词后面。定语从句的两个重要概念一先行词被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.二关系词：重复指代先行词，起到连接从句和主句的关系，并且在定语从句中充当一定的成分的连接词称为关系词。请找出定语从句，并指明先行词和关系词。I

likeguyswhoaren’ttooseriousandwhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.关系词在定语从句中充当的成分关系词的功能之一就是重复指代先行词并且在从句中充当成分。接下来从两个角度来谈定语从句：一是关系词在从句中能充当的各种不同的成分；二是关系词和先行词的对应关系，也就是不同的先行词要用不同的关系词来指代。关系词用作从句的主语Thewomanisafamousdancerandshelivesnextdoor.Thewomanisafamousdancerwho(=andshe)livesnextdoor.Who既取代了代词she，也取代了连词and。who具有了代词和连词的作用。另外，定语从句一般要紧跟在它所修饰的名词之后。这个句子可以进一步改进成：Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.(who在从句中作主语）Ilikeguysandtheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.总结三点：1.关系代词who代替了人称代词(she,they)之后，定语从句中就不能保留这些代词了。不能说：Ilikeguyswhotheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.2.定语从句可以修饰主句中的任何一个名词。我们要关注关系词在定语从句中充当的成分。Thewoman

who

livesnextdoorisafamousdancer.Ilikeguys

who

haveagoodsenseofhumor.3.定语从句的谓语动词形式是由关系词所指代的先行词来决定的，而不取决于关系词本身。关系词用作从句中动词的宾语I’dreallyliketofindafriendandIcantrusthimcompletely.I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcantrustwho(=andhim)completely.关系词要放在从句开头I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhoIcantrustcompletely.Who在从句中作trust的宾语。（改错题会在trust后面加上him)关系词在从句中用作介词的宾语。Iamtalkingaboutfriendsandyoucansharealmosteverythingwiththem.Iamtalkingaboutfriendsyoucansharealmosteverythingwithwho.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.

作宾语的关系词可以省略。前面的例子中看到，关系词在定语从句中做主语和宾语的情况(动词的宾语，介词的宾语).英语中有这样的习惯：做宾语的关系词可以省略，不论是动词宾语还是介词宾语。I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcantrustcompletely.Iamtalkingaboutfriendsyoucanshareeverythingwith.改错HeisthemanwhoheisteachingusEnglish.I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcansharealmosteverythingwithhim.关系词与主句中先行词之间的搭配关系关系词可以分为两大类。关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括：who,whom,which,that,whose,这些词起着代词的作用，在定语从句中充当主语，宾语(但whose作定语).关系副词包括：when,where,why,这些词起副词作用，在从句中充当状语（不做主语和宾语）。先行词指“人”，用关系代词who或whom。两者区别：Who的前面不能与介词搭配使用。Who是主格形式，所以在介词的后面不能用who,不能说withwho,只能说withwhom.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswithwhom(who是不对的)youcansharealmosteverything.2.Whom在定语从句中不能作主语，但可以作宾语和表语。Arichpersonisnotonewhohasthemost,butisonewhoneedstheleast.Who

可以在从句在作主语，也可以替代whom作宾语和表语，但不能放在介词后.而因为whom

是宾格形式，所以不能做主语。Whose表示所有关系，作用如同物主代词my,your,her,his,their,our一样，whose的后面要加上名词。Whose既可以指人，也可以指物。“whose+名词”在从句中可作主语，动词的宾语，介词的宾语。Iknowafriend.Hisbrotherisapopsinger.Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger.Thesechildrensitinaclassroom.Itswindowsareallbroken.Thesechildrensitinaclassroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.Itwasameeting.Ididn’trealizetheitsimportanceatthetime.ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceI

didn’trealizeatthetime.Atlaswasakneelingmanonwhoseshouldertheworldrested.先行词which的造句结构完全类似于前面的who,比如which可以作从句的主语或宾语，只不过which的先行词是物。Angerisawind.Itblowsoutthelampofthemind.Angerisawind

whichblowsoutthelampofthemind.关系词which所指代的先行词比较复杂，它除了可以指单个名词以外，还可以指代短语甚至是从句。Helikesclimbingmountains,whichisagoodexercise.Tomwaslate.Thatsurprisedme.Tomwaslate,whichsurprisedme.Ibecameasinglemotherovernight,whichisnothinglikebecomingfamousovernight.关系代词that的意义和用法主要有以下三点。一是that既可以指“人”，也可以指“物”（指物的时候可以替换which，指人的时候可以替换who).二是that不用再非限制性定语从句中。三是that不能用于介词的后面(同who一样)。Toomanypeoplespendmoneythattheyhaven’tearned,tobuythingsthattheydon’twant,toimpresspeoplethattheydon’tlike.1.当现行词同时出现“人”和“物”的时候，用that.Thewriterandhisnovelsthatthearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.2.当先行词是指“物”的all,little,few,much,none,thefirst时，用that.All

thatglittersisnotgold.Thebookscontainlittle

thatisuseful.Thereisnotmuch

thatcanbedone.3.当先行词是不定代词something,anything,nothing和everything的时候，一般用that。Iwouldmuchratherreceivesomethingthatmademelaugh,orfitmypersonalitythansomethingthatcostalotbutthatIwilljustthrowinmyclosetandforgetabout.4现行词被any,all,every,no,some,much,few,little,序数词，形容词最高级，theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等成分修饰的时候，用that.Tellusallthingsthatyouknow.Thereisnodifficultythattheycan’tovercome.Theonlythingthatweshoulddoisfindourwayhome.Heistheonlymanthatcanspeak4foreignlanguages.5.That不能用在介词之后。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeupofmatter.Theworldwhichweliveinismadeupofmatter.Theworldthatweliveinismadeupofmatter.错误说法：Theworldinthatweliveismadeupofmatter.改错Ienjoythemusicthatwearelisteningtoit.Thepeoplewhichlivenexttomearefriendly.TheairlinehasabookletwhowilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.Imetawomenwhoherhusbandisalawyer.关系副词的用法When,where,why在从句中分别作时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。when的用法可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，其先行词必须是表示时间的名词：day,year,time等。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.Myfavoriteseasonisspring,whentheearthseemsbornagain.如果定语从句缺少的不是状语，而是缺少主语或宾语，那么即使先行词