主语-表语-同位语从句讲义-高三英语二轮复习

主语从句定义：在句子中作主语的从句叫做主语从句，按照引导词分为以下几种:连接词that:引导的从句一般位于句首，that在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，只有连接作用。Thathewillcometothepartyhasexcitedeveryone.有时用it作形式主语，把从句后置,常见的结构有：It’s+形容词(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,possible...)+that从句

Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她\t"/1270/18/_blank"考试成绩会很好。

Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

It’s+名词词组(afact,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise...)+that从句

It'sapitythatwecan'tgo.很遗憾我们不能去。

It'sanhonourthatourteamwinthegame.我们赢得这场比赛真荣幸。

It’s+过去分词(said,reported,expected,decided,announced...)+that从句

ItissaidthatMr.greenhasarrivedinbeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。

Itisreportedthatcoralreefsarebeingdestroyed.据报道珊瑚礁正遭受破坏。It+seems/happens等不及物动词+that从句。

ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。

2、if/whether:表示是否，在从句中不作任何成分，whether引导从句时可位于句首句末，但是if引导从句时只能用it作形式主语，从句后置。Whethertheworkcanbefinishedontimeisdoubtful.Itisdoubtfulif/whethertheworkcanbefinishedontime连接代词&连接副词连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whichever等；连接副词when/where/why/how等，在从句充当一定的成分。Whowilljoinushasnotbeendecided谁将加入我们还没被决定。Whathelikesmostisplayingcomputergames.他最喜欢的是玩游戏。Whenthenewroadisopenhasnotbeendecided.新道路什么时候开通还没决定。Whoeverwantstosuccessshouldworkhard.无论是谁想成功必须努力工作。表语从句定义：在句子中作表语的从句叫做主语从句，按照引导词分为以下几种:连接词1、that在从句中不作任何成分，只有连接作用。Thefactisthathedoesn’treallytry.

ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.

whether是否（if不能引导表语从句）Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.asif/asthough好像，仿佛Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.because因为Iamsleepy,anditisbecauseIstayeduplatelastnight.连接代词&连接副词连接代词what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whichever等；连接副词when/where/why/how等，在从句充当一定的成分。ThisiswhatIaminterestedin.Thedoubtiswhohastakenawaythedocument.Thatwaswherewecampedlasttime.Thequestionishowwecandotheworkbetter.注意点：1、当主句主语为reason时，表语从句引导词需要用that，而不是why/because.Thereasonfortheaccidentisthatthedriverwasdrunk.事故的原因是司机酒驾。当主句主语是advice/suggestion/request/order等表示命令建议的名词时，从句的谓语常用：(should)+动词原形形式。Myadviceisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatter.同位语从句定义：同位语从句时用以解释、说明某一名词的内容的从句，在句子的作用等同于前面的名词。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，advice，hope，message，suggestion，words，possibility,decision等。连接词that连接作用，没有实际意义Thefactthatsomecountriesarestillsufferingpovertyisreallyabigproblem.whether“是否”（if不能引导同位语从句）Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.连接代词&连接副词连接代词what/who/whom等（which不能引导同位语从句），在从句中充当一定成分。Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.连接副词when/where/how/why等，在从句中充当一定成分。Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendourvacation.Thequestionwhymanypeoplechoosetoliveinthecountrysideisunderdiscussion.判断技巧判断从句所在位置：主语从句位于句首或者it作形式主语的句末；表语从句位于系动词后面；同位语位于常见的名词后面（news、idea等，起到解释说明作用）。判断从句缺少的成分以及句子的意思：缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，考虑连接代词；缺少状语，考虑连接副词；不缺少成分，考虑that/if/whether。习题_______youcomeornotwillnotmakeanydifference.WhetherB.ThatC.IfItissaid_______Mikewillcometomorrow.whetherB.thatC.whyItissurprising______myparentsgavemesuchagoodgift.thatB.whenC.if______willwinfirstprizeisuncertain.ThatB.WhoC.Where______wewillvisitShanghaimakesmeveryhappy.ThatB.WhetherC.When______causedtheaccidentremainsunknown.WhereB.WhenC.What______thishappenedisnotcleartoanyoneWhoB.HowC.What______dinosaursdiedoutremainsapuzzle.WhoB.WhatC.WhyThereasonwhyhefailedis______hewastoocareless.thatB.becauseC.whenIwaslateforclassthismorning.Thatis____mybikebrokedownonthewaytoschool.thatB.becauseC.whyThetroubleis_____Ihavelosthisaddress.thatB.whenC.whoThequestionis_____wegetthere,7:00or7:30.whetherB.whenC.whoItsounds_____youarefromthesouthoftheUS.asifB.whenC.who_____wantstobeamemberoftheteammustobeytherules.WheneverB.WhoeverC.WhatGrandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“Thatis_____Iwasborn.”whereB.whenC.becauseThefact_____sheworkshardiswellknowntous.thatB.howC.whetherHekepthispromise____hewouldalwaysdoanythingtomakesureofherhappinessthatB.whenC.whether18、Ihavesmalldoubt______heissuitableforthejob.A.thatB.whoC.whether19、Ihavenoidea______heisdoingnow.A.thatB.whatC.when补充合适的引导词。Heexcitedlypulledhardatit,and__________hesawmadehimshout,“Wow!Abig,shinygoldchain!”whatExpertssaythat__________isneedediscontinuousattentionandmaintenance.whatProblemis__________istoblame,parents,studentsorothermembersofsociety.whoTheidea__________humansownadeepbiologicalneedtoconnectwithnaturehasbeencalled“Biophilia”thatThemostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis

________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.thatThemanagerputforwardasuggestion_______weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.that

________weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.HowExactly______thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.whenItisoftenthecase_______anythingispossibleforthosewhohang