Introduction and I Ching易经简介英文

会计学1IntroductionandIChing易经简介英文Whythiscourse?γνῶθισεαυτόν:knowthyselfinscribedinthepronaos(forecourt)oftheTempleofApolloatDelphi,anancientGreekcityontheslopesofMountParnassus;siteoftheoracleofDelphi第1页/共20页WhattoLearnIChing,orTheBookofChange(周易)Confucianism(孔孟程朱)Taoism(老庄)Budhism(肇论、坛经)History(战国策、史记)Others第2页/共20页HowtoLearnAttendclasses;Readthereadingmaterials;Consultotherreferences;Takenotes&writepapers.第3页/共20页Chronology第4页/共20页第5页/共20页Yi-Jing,orTheBookofChangeChinesephilosophy(bothConfucianism&Daoism)asdeepthinkingonthenatureoftheworldandthenatureofhumanselfcanbesaidtohavebegunwiththeformationofthetextofYi-JingatthebeginningoftheZhoudynastyintheearly12thcenturyBCE.Thenamesuggeststhatitdealswithallchanges(易yi)intheworld,thuscoveringbothnaturalchangesandchangesintroducedbyhumanaction.第6页/共20页FromDivinationtoPhilosophyThedisclosureofphilosophicalinsightsembodiedinthetextsoftheZhou-Yitransformedit

fromatextofdivinationintoatextofphilosophicalwisdom.ThistransformationisessentialforunderstandinghowtheZhou-Yicouldberegardedastheformingofasystemofideasorviewsabouttheworldandourselvesashumanbeings.第7页/共20页Yin&YangItconcernsthegenesisoftheonto-cosmologicalworld(nature)intermsofthemovementandrestofyinandyang.explainingallthingsintheirformationandtransformationincorporatinghumanbeingsaspart&parcelofontocosmologicalprocessofreality–realizationenablinghumanbeingstoactivelychangetheworldformingtheimage-forms(trigrams/hexagramsguas卦)andyaos(爻)

intheYi-Jingtext.第8页/共20页GuaThebookconsistsof64hexagrams(gua)andrelatedtexts.Thehexagrams,ascombinationsoftwotrigrams(alsogua),arecomposedofsixlines(yao)arrangedoneatoptheotherinverticalsequenceandreadfrombottomtotop.Eachlineiseithersolid(yang—)orbroken(yin--).Thecombinationsaredeterminedbythenumericalmanipulationofdiviningsticks,originallyyarrowstalks,ormilfoil蓍草.第9页/共20页TheEightGuasAllegedly,alegendaryruler,FuXi(ca.2000BCE),wasresponsiblefortheconstructionofthisearliestformofYijing.Thesetrigramsrepresenttheeightbasicnaturalelements:heaven(乾),earth(坤),water(坎),fire(离),wind(巽),thunder(震),mountain(艮),andlake(兑).朱熹：乾三连，坤六断；震仰盂，艮覆碗；离中虚，坎中满；兑上缺，巽下断第10页/共20页TheEightGuasOnthelevelofnaturalrepresentations,theseeighttrigramsstandforeightbasicnaturalphenomena.However,theyalsostandforotherrelationsinametaphoricalsense.E.g.,inoneoftheTenWings,theDiscussionoftheTrigrams(说卦),thetrigramsareassociated

withvariousthings.第11页/共20页Constantflux,orChangesThesetrigramswereconceivedasimagesofallthathappensinheavenandonearth.Atthesametime,theywereheldtobeinastateofcontinualtransition,onechangingintoanother.Attentioncentersnotonthingsintheirstateofbeing,butupontheirmovementsinchange.Theythereforearenotrepresentationsofthingsassuchbutoftheirtendenciesinmovement.第12页/共20页Structure1Eachhexagramisaccompaniedbyahexagramname(卦名),ahexagramstatement(卦辞),andlinestatements(爻辞)foreachofthesixlines.ThelinestatementshaveasequentialorassociationalorganizationbasedonthegeneraltopicgivenintheJudgment(彖).Eachstatesaspecific,differentiatedinstanceorvariationofthetopic,followedbyachargeorinjunctionthatoneshouldtakesomeactionorrefrainfromitandafinaldetermination.第13页/共20页DukeZhou’sPhilosophyofLifeAtthisstage,Yijingemergedasaphilosophyoflife.Itwasno

longerjustabookfordivination.Eachsituation,symbolicallyrepresentedbyeitherthehexagramasawholeorasinglelineinthehexagram,signifiesamoralsituationinlife.TheJudgmentfrequentlydepictspossibleoptionsinanygivensituationalongwiththeirpossibleoutcomes.第14页/共20页Structure2The2ndlayerconsistsofanothertwoparts:commentaryontheJudgmentscalledTuanzhuan彖传andcommentaryontheabstractmeaningsor‘Images”oftheJudgmentsandthelinestatementscalledXiangzhuan

象传.TheJudgmentshave“GreatImages”(大象)--theabstractmeaningsofhexagramsaswholeentities--andthelinestatementshave“LittleImages”(小象)--theabstractmeaningsofindividuallines.第15页/共20页ConfucianistPhilosophy彖传turnedthemysticaloraclenatureoftheancienttextintoaphilosophicalexpositionofvarioussituationsinlife.Itservesbothasananalysisofthevariouscontextsandasadiscussiononthemoraldutiesofindividualsinthesecontexts.象传fullydevelopedthesenseofNature'spossessingmoralattributes,orNature'sbeingsymbolicrepresentationsofvariousmoralattributes.第16页/共20页TenWingsThetraditionalformatofYijingdividesthe彖传andthe象传eachintotwosections;together,theyformthefirstfouroftheso-calledTenWings(十翼)oftheexegeticalmaterialincludedintheClassicofChanges.AllTenWingsaretraditionallyattributedtoConfucius.However,individualWingsactuallydatefromdifferentperiods,withsomepredatinghistimewhileothersdatefromaslateasthethirdcenturyB.C.第17页/共20页GreatTreatiseTheGreatTreatise(系辞传)receivedthemostattentionfromNeo-Confucians.Thistreatiseisdividedintotwoparts.Itcoversawiderangeoftopics,includingthenatureofYijing,themeth