2022北京东城高三一模英语

2022北京东城高三一模英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Everyyear,around20,000Americanteenagersageoutoffostercare(寄养)at18,andhavetostarttheirlivesbythemselves.Ellafirstbecameawareoffostercarewhenherparentswereconsideringadoptingachild.Althoughthe(1)didn'tworkout,Ellaoftenfoundherselfthinkingaboutthatchild."Pmreallyclosewithmyfamily,andjustcouldn'timaginebeing(2)onmyownat18「shesays.Later,EllavisitedChildrenServices,withalistofquestions,tryingto(3)whatagingoutlookedlike.Onequestionwas"What'snotbeing(4)fortheseyoungpeople?”.Nearthetopofthelistwasfurniture."Theideaofmovingintoanapartmentandnothavingabedtosleeponpulledatmyheartstrings/saysElla.Ellacontactedherparents*friends,askingiftheyhadsparefurnitureto(5).Andalocalfurniturestoreofferedfreespaceanddeliverytruck.ThensheformedChair-ity,anonprofitprovidingfurnitureforyoungadultswhohave(6)fostercare.Watchingthoseinneedreceiveabed,atable-whatever-wastransformational.EllaremembersHannah,aformerfostercaregirlwhocouldn'taffordanyfurniture.WhenHannah(7)toChair-ity,Ellaaskedwhatsheneeded."Everything,“shereplied.Whenshefoundheronce(8)apartmentstoodafullkitchenset,abed,andatable,shesaid,“Itreallyrelievedmypressure.“Tothinkwhathadn*tbeenthoughtaboutinyearscouldbringsomuchhappinesstosomebodywas(9)JEHasays.Today,Chair-ityhasgivenfurnituretonearly200youngadults.Aswordhasgotout,Ellahasreceiveddonationsfrommoreandmorepeople.She'sconvincedthesecontributionsgivethoseyoungpeople(10)andconfidence.1.A.planB.jobC.wayD.task2.A.occasionallyB.completelyC.frequentlyD.slightly3.A.explainB.understandC.expectD.recall4.A.metB.builtC.meantD.kept5.A.arrangeB.sellC.fixD.donate6.A.leftB.foundC.improvedD.thanked7.A.lookedupB.reachedoutC.heldonD.gavein8.A.quietB.coldC.smallD.empty9.A.promisingB.puzzlingC.amazingD.pressing10.A.purposeB.freedomC.hopeD.guidance第二节语法填空(共10小题；每题L5分，共15分)阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AAfewweeksago,Iaccidentallydroppedaplateanditbrokeintoabillionpieces!I'dhaditforabout40years.Thismorning,wehadaparcel(11)(deliver)tomyson.Heopeneditand(12)(proud)handedanewplatetome,whichhehadboughtwithhisownsavings,sayingthatheknew(13)upsetIwasandwantedtosurpriseme!BOn15May,2021,Chinabecamethesecondcountry(14)(land)aspacecraftonMars.Therover,Zhurong,(15)(carry)toMarsonboardtheTianwen1spacecraft,whichwaslaunchedinJuly2020.Equippedwithcamerasandaradar,Zhurong'staskwastosearchforsignsoflife.It(16)(work)onMarssurfaceforovertenmonthsandisingoodshape.CCOP26,knownas"ConferencesoftheParties”,wasthelatestinaseriesof17(meeting)bringingtogethergovernmentstoprotecttheenvironment.Itsmaingoalwastotakemeasures(18)climatechange-long-termchangesinworldweatherpatternsthatarelinkedtohumanactivitiesincludingfarming,industryandtransport.Gasessuchascarbondioxide,(19)areproducedbytheseactivities,trapheatinEarth'satmosphereandcausetemperaturestorise,(20)(lead)toextremefloods,heatwavesandstorms.WhatwillparticipantsdoonRouteInspectionDay?EnjoytheFunRun.Joinina3.5kmwalk.Getmedicalinsurance.Attendatrainingcourse.Accordingtotherules,fullmarathonparticipantswillreceiveaFNTontheresultlistcanchangedistancesonRaceDayshouldbeatleast12yearsoldwillbeawardedmedalsWhatisthepurposeofthepassage?Toadvertiseasportevent.Topromoteaculturaltour.Tointroduceamarathoncamp.Topublicizeaplaceofinterest.第二局部：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每题2分，共28分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

TheGreatWallMarathonisdesignedtobemorethanjustarace.Wewantyoutobeabletoruninamazingplaces,surroundedbyfriendlypeople,andexposedtonewculturalexperiences.It*snotjustabouttherace-it'saboutenjoyingtimetogetherwithfamily,friends,andotherrunning-mindedspirits.Itinerary17May2023WelcometoJizhou,Tianjin18May202317May2023WelcometoJizhou,Tianjin18May2023RouteInspectionDay19May2023RelaxationinJizhouwithtouroption20May2023RaceDay21May2023ExploreBeijing&.EveningCelebrationParty22May2023FarewellChina17May2023WelcometoJizhou,Tianjin18May2023RouteInspectionDay19May2023RelaxationinJizhouwithtouroption20May2023RaceDay21May2023ExploreBeijing&.EveningCelebrationParty22May2023FarewellChina17May2023WelcometoJizhou,Tianjin18May2023RouteInspectionDay19May2023RelaxationinJizhouwithtouroption20May2023RaceDay21May2023ExploreBeijing&.EveningCelebrationParty22May2023FarewellChina17May2023WelcometoJizhou,Tianjin18May202317May2023WelcometoJizhou,Tianjin18May2023RouteInspectionDay19May2023RelaxationinJizhouwithtouroption20May2023RaceDay21May2023ExploreBeijing&.EveningCelebrationParty22May2023FarewellChinaRules&RegulationsFullmarathonrunnersmustbeatleast18yearsoldonRaceDay.Half-marathonrunnersmustbeatleast16yearsold.FunRunparticipantsmustbeatleast12yearsold.FunRunparticipantsundertheageof12arealsowelcome,solongastheyareaccompaniedbyarunneraged16orabove.Thecut-offtimeforalldistanceeventsis8hours.Allrunnerswithanetfinishingtimeslowerthan8hourswillreceiveaFNT(FinishedNoTime)ontheresultlist.Ifyoudecidetochangedistancesduringtherace,i.e.ifahalf-marathonrunnerdecidestofollowthemarathonroute,heorshewillreceiveacertificatebutnotanofficialtime.TheraceresultwillreadFNT.Thesameappliestoamarathonrunnerwhochangesdistancesduringtherace.AllrunnerswhochangedistancesbeforeRaceDaywillberegisteredaccordinglyandreceiveanofficialtime.VisaInformation6-8weekspriortotheraceyouwillreceivetheservicevoucherwhichyoucanuseforacquiringavisa.Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.BReneCompeanwasnostrangertoAngelesNationalForest.He'dhikedtheparknumeroustimes.Butwhenhikingalonganewpath,the45-year-oldwaslost.Asthedayfadedintodarkness,hisconcernturnedtofear.Withonlyalittlewaterinhisbackpackand10%batteryremainingonhiscellphone,Compeanwasunpreparedforanythingmorethanthetwo-hourtriphe'dplanned.Compeanclimbedtoaspotwherehefoundonebarofsignal."SOS.Myphoneisgoingtodie.Pmlost,”hetextedafriend,attachingaphotoshowingwherehewas.Theshotshowedhislegshangingoverarockface.AllCompeancoulddothenwaswait.Thetemperaturewasdroppingfast.Dressedonlyinshorts,andasweatshirt,thehikerwaschilledtothebone.Hehuggedhimselfintoatightball.Andafterspottingtwomountainlions,hespentthenightonhighalert.Sixtymilesaway,BenKuowasworkingathomewhenhereadapostingfromthepolice,showinganimageofaman'slegs.Thesearch-and-rescueteamshadspentthepreviousnightunsuccessfullylookingforCompean,sotheyreleasedthephoto,hopingsomeonemightrecognizethelocation.“FvealwayslovedlookingfbrwherephotosaretakenJKuosays.Hefrequentlytriestoidentifywheremoviescenesorcommercialswerefilmed.He*softensuccessful.Whenhesawtheimage,heautomaticallypulledupasatellitemaponhislaptop."There'sanamazingamountofinformationyoucangetfromsatellites/9hesays.ThefirstthinghenoticedinCompean'sphotowasplentyofgreenery.Aftercomparingittothesatellitemap,Kuorealizedsomething:6tHefsgottobeonthesouthsidebecausethere'renotanygreenvalleysonthenorthside.”Thatfindingledhimtoanareathatlookedliketheterritoryintheimage.Thefinalstepwascross-referencingtheoriginalphotowith3-Dimagesofthearea.Thelocationsmatched!Afterspending27hoursinthewilderness,Compeanwasfound.Compean'sstoryprobablywouldhaveendeddifferentlyhaditnotbeenforthemanwithstrongsatelliteskillsandasharpeyefordetail.WhatcausedCompeantogetlostonthehike?A.Thethickforest.B.Theunfamiliarroute.C.Thecomingofnightfall.D.Lowbatteryonthephone.KuowasabletoofferhelpbecauseofA.hisphotoreadingabilityB.hissenseofresponsibilityC.hisprofessionalexperienceD.hisfamiliaritywiththeareaWhatcanwelearnfromthisstory?Onegoodturndeservesanother.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.There'snosuchthingasuselessknowledge.CLastyearscientistsreportedusinganeuralimplant（神经植入物）inaman'sbraintorestorehisabilitytocommunicate.Themanhasbeenpartiallyparalyzedandunabletoproducecomprehensiblespeechsincesufferingaseverestroke.Itisthelatestadvanceintheexplodingfieldofbrain-computerinterfaces（接口）,orBCIs,whichallowcomputerstoreadinformationoutofalivingbrain.Brain-computerinterfacesarepossiblebecauseoftwofacts.Thefirstisthatyourbraincontainshundredsoftinymaps.Eachrepresentsspecificfeaturesofyourphysicalfeelingsandintendedactions.Andcrucially,thebasicsetofbrainmapsandtheirlocationswithinthebrainareverysimilaracrossindividuals.Thankstotheirspecializedfunctionsanduniversallocations,brainmapsareidealentrypointsforBCItechnologies.PickingupsignalsfromabrainmapisonlythefirststepinmakingausefulBCI.Althoughthelocationofabrainmapisthesameacrossindividuals,thedetails-whatpatternsofactivitywithinthemapmean-differfrompersontoperson.Inasense,theuniquefeaturesofyourspecificbrainmapsserveasakindofencryption（力口密），safeguardingyourspecificthoughtsandfeelingsfromwould-bespies.ThatbringsustothesecondfactthatmakesBCIspossible.Thankstoadvancesinmachinelearning,scientistshavedevelopedprogramsthatcanlearntorecognizekeypatternsinavastseaofnumbers.Theytraintheseprogramstodecode（解码）brainsignalsbyfeedingthemtonsofexamples.ResearchersdevelopingBCIsoftencreatesuchexamplesbyinstructinganindividualtothinkspecificthoughtsatspecifictimes,creatinganeuralcurriculumfortheprogramtolearnfrom.WhiletheuniversalfeaturesandlocationsofbrainmapsmakethemobviousentrancesforBCIs,theuniquefeaturesofyourbrainmapstendtoprotectthemfromspyingeyes.IncaseswhereBCIshavesuccessfullyreadspecificthoughtsorintentionsfromabrain,ithasbeenwiththepermissionoftheindividualwhosebrainwasbeingread.Buttherearesurreptitiouswaystotraindecodersonyourbrainwithoutyourknowledge.Thiscanhappenifyourneuraldatafallsintothehandsofcompanieswithdetailedinformationaboutyouractivities.Likealltechnologies,brain-computerinterfacesarenotnecessarilygoodorbad.YetwhileharvestingthebenefitsofBCIs,weneedtoensurethatwehavethemeanstoprotectourselvesfromcorporationswitheverymotivetotakeadvantageofthistechnologyfortheirfinancialgain.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaps?Theycarryuniquemessages.Theycanprocessencryptedsignals.Theirfunctionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Theirlocationsrevealhumanthinkingpatterns.28.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?BCIscanboostbrainsignalsdramatically.BCIscouldhelprecoverfrombraininjuries.MachinelearningenablesBCIstoreadmind.ThedecodingofbrainmaybeaffectedbyBCIs.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surreptitious”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Secure.B.Stable.C.Standard.D.Secret.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?ThefuturetrendofBCIs.ThepotentialrisksofBCIs.TheworkingprincipleofBCIs.ThegeneralapplicationsofBCIs.DJournal-basedpeerreview-theprocessofsubjectingascientificresearchpapertotheinspectionofotherswhoareexpertsinthesamefield-isgenerallyheldupasthequalityassurancemechanismforresearch.Itclaimstobeanessentialmeasurewhichpreventspublishingfaultypapers.Reviewingapapercandelayitspublicationbyuptoayear;isthatapriceworthpayingtoensurethetrustworthinessofthepublishedliterature?Well,yesandno.I'mnotyetreadytoabandonjournal-basedpeerreview.Fdstillliketoseeallpaperspasssomesortofcheckingstagebeforeformalpublication,butIfeelthegroundmoving.Thegrowinguseofpreprints,draftsofpaperswhicharepostedonlinewithouthavingbeenpeerreviewed,isacrucialpartofthatshiftbecausetheybringacademicsbacktowhatresearchpublicationisallabout:therapidcirculationofnewresultssotheycanberead,analyzedandbuiltupon.Publicationinjournalshasbecomemoreaboutfameandthishasaffectedboththemotivationsofauthorsandthejobofreviewers.Competitionforprizedspotsinjournalsdrivesscientiststodosomeoftheirbestwork.Buttheexcessive（过多的）rewardsforpublishingintopjournalsareencouragementstocorner-cutting,asstoriespolishedbyleavingoutinconvenientdataaremorelikelytobetakenup.Andthejoboftherevieweralsobecomesdistorted:itismoreoftennowtodecidenotwhetherapaperisanygood,butwhetheritisgoodenoughforthejournalconsideringpublication.Fortopjournals,thatcandependasmuchonnewsworthinessasscientificquality.Theseproblemsarewellknown,butthetragedyforscienceisthatfewpeoplearewillingtobreakawayfromthepresentsystem.However,asbiologistRonValearguedrecently-fittingly,inapreprint-preprintsmaybeawayoutbecausetheydon*tinvolveamajorshiftawayfromthenorm.Thatmayseemanoddclaimgiventhatpreprintshavebeeninexistencefortwentyyears,yethavenotbeenadopteduniversally.Thisslowuptakeisnotonlyareflectionofthebuilt-inconservatismofscientists,butalsoaresultofthewidespreadmisunderstandingthatjournalswon'tacceptmanuscriptswhichhavebeenpostedonlineaspreprints.Thereisalsoafearthatpublicationofpaperswithoutpeerreviewrisksopeningthefloodgatesto'junksciencen-somethingwhich,sofaratleast,hasyettooccur.Preprintsenabletheinformalscientificdiscussionsoncerestrictedtocorrespondencebetweenindividuals.Theycouldalsobecomeaneffectiveoutletfornegativeresults-avitalaspectofthescientificprocessoftenignoredbythejournals*excessivepreoccupation(关注)withnewdiscoveries.Furthermore,preprintssignificantlyincreasethenumberoftimespapersarereadandcitedbyothers.Bytakingadvantageoftheweb'scultureofopennessandaccessibility,preprintsshouldhelptorefocusattentionwhereitmatters-ontheworkitself,notwhereitispublished.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisthepopularopiniononpeerreview?Itlimitsthenumberofresearchworks.Itensuresthequalityofscientificpapers.Itremovespublicdoubtsaboutpublication.Itchangestheprocessofscientificpublishing.Theauthormayagreethatscientificjournalsurgescientiststopursueintegrityintheirworkrelyonreviewerstorevisefaultyresearchpaperschoosearticlesfortheirappealoverscientificvaluetrytocutcoststomaintaintheirpositioninthefield33.What'stheauthor'sopiniononthegrowinguseofpreprints?Itwillcontributetojunkscience.Itmayendthepracticeofpeerreview.Itpromotesthespreadofresearchfindings.Itimprovesthequalityofscientificpublication.34.Thisisbasicallyapassageto_A.makecomparisonB.confirmaconceptC.encourageinnovationD.proposeapractice第二节(共5小题；每题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenyou'rebehindthewheel,distractions(分心')costlives.Nevertheless,driverstakeselfies,andrespondtotextmessages.(35)Smartphonesareoftenattherootofthesetragedies.AsBigTechsetsitssightsonmodernvehicles,it'sappropriatetoaskifit'stimetolimitattention-stealingtechnologythatdistractsthedriver.BigTechwantstotakeontheautomotiveindustry.Anditisgoodatgrabbingbothattentionandinformationfromusers.Atfirst,thegoalofthesetechnologycompanieswastogiveawayservicesatnocost,simplytoattractacustomerbase.(36)Theirincreasingthirstforvaluableuserinformationhasledthemtotheautomotiveindustry,whereawholenewworldofdataawaits.Locationdata,frequentdestinations,passengerpreferences-suchdataisfoundinfamilycars.(37)Mobiletechiswalledofffromvehicleoperatingsystemsbysoftwarethatkeepsinfotainment(informationandentertainment)featuresawayfromthemission-criticaldrivingelectronics.Ifautomakersgiveuptheircoreoperatingsystemtotechpowerhouses,theywillessentiallybecomehardwaresupplierstoSiliconValley.（38）Theirresponsibilityistokeepattentionontheroad,providingvehicleinformationandasmallamountofentertainmentoptionswhilegettingpassengersfromplacetoplaceassafelyaspossible.Smartphonemakersanddigitalmediaprovidersdon*thavethispriority.Theywanteyesontheirproducts,notontheroad.Withelectricvehiclestransformingtheautoindustry,andartificialintelligencemorecommonthanever,we'reatadangerousmoment.（39）Becausetheirhardwareiswrappedaroundfamilies,theyhaveadutytokeepthemsafe.Theonlywaytheycandothatistomaintaincontrolofthedriver'sseat.Thequality,safetyandsecuritywillmakeorbreaktrustinautomakers.Withoutit,carswillbesimplyonemoreintrusiveandriskymobiledevice.A.CarcompanieshaveprioritiesopposedtothoseofBigTech.Nowtheyexisttosellinformationabouttheiruserstoadvertisers.Theyenjoytheconvenienceandfunbroughtbymoderntechnology.Carmakersare,andshouldbe,themosttrustedtechnologycompaniesintheworld.Cun*entlyvideo-streamingservicesarestartingtobebuiltintocaroperatingsystems.Andoperatingsystemsandautonomous-drivingsoftwareareallgatewaysforthisinformation.Statisticsshowthatanaverageofeightpeopleadaydieinaccidentscausedbydistracteddriving.第三局部：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答以下问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Ifsaftermidnightandyou'vebeenstudyingallday.Emptyenergydrinkslinethetableandyousigh,"Tomorrow,I'mgettingicecream.Ideservetotreatmyself.”Thisyear,theso-called"treatyourselfculture“hasexpandedfarbeyondwhatwasonceareward-basedmindset.Now,"treatingyourself1hasbecomemoreaboutstress-causedindulgence（放纵）.Itrepresentsthemoredeep-seatedissueswiththestressweregularlyputourselvesunder.Therootoftheproblemliesinourbeliefthatweshouldbe