2019高考英语真题语法非谓语动词一

非谓语动词（一）A基础达标练.单句语法填空（2016-浙江卷）Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudy（conduct）inAustraliain2012.（2016-全国卷I）Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude（introduce）Britishvisitorstothe120—pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.（2016-全国卷HI）Peopleprobablylookedtheirfoodinlargepots,（use）twigs（树枝）toremoveit.（2016•北京卷）（make）iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.（2016•北京卷）（order）overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.（2015-全国卷II）Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough（cool）thehouseduringthehotday.（2014-全国卷II）Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused（stop）untilwereachedthenextstop.（2014-全国卷II）Still,theboykept（ride）.Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.（2017-陕西西安一中二模•改编）Withalotofdifficultproblems（settle）,themanagerfeltlikeacatonhotbricks.（2017-陕西西安二模•改编）（judge）fromhisaccent,heisfromthesouthofChina.（2017-四川成都七中诊断•改编）Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhisson（dress）asSantaClausonChristmasEve.（2017-湖南益阳箴言中学模拟・改编）Nervousandanxious,Jillfailed（make）agoodimpressionatthejobinterview.（2016-四川卷）For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething（eat）!（2015-全国卷I）Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople（live）inShanghaiandHongKong.（2015-全国卷I）Astudyoftravelers（conduct）bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld..单句语法改错（2016-全国卷HI）IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.（2015-陕西卷）Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter!（2017-湖北八校联考）Withmyeyesfillingwithtears,IcameintoMrLi'soffice.（2017-浙江重点中学协作体联考）Butnowweoftendiscussandtrytosolvetheproblemsraisingbytheteachersorourselves.（2017-江西红色六校联考）Theabilityexpressone'sideasomehowdecideshowfaronecangetalonginone'scollege. （2017-黑龙江大庆铁人中学月考）TheofficeoftheStudents'Unionwillcontactthechoosingcandidatesforaninterviewinafewdays. Forthewholeafternoontheysanganddancedhappilywithoutthinkabouttheirschoolwork.Havingsomethingtodoonthetrain,Icouldn'thelpthinkaboutthesceneofleavingandfeltterriblysorry.（2014-广东卷）Wegotalittle（sunburn）,butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.（2013-四川卷）Afterthinkforsometime,Ilethercopymyanswers. m.语法填空（2017•南昌二模）IwanttotalkaboutMissSmith,ahistoryteacherIhadatsecondaryschool1―Iwasabout15.MostoftheteachersIhadwereOK,—2—theygavethefeelingthatitwasjustajob.ItseemedthatMissSmithreally3—（love）bothhistoryandteachingit.Oneofthe4—（good）thingsaboutherlessonswasthatwedidn'talwayshavetostudyinanordinaryway.Forexample,ratherthanwriteanarticleforhomework,usuallywewereallowed—5—(work)withafriendtowriteanimaginarydialoguebetweentwohistorical6—(figure).Thenwecouldperformitfortheclass.IthinkMissSmithinfluencedmeintwoimportantways.Firstly,shemademe_7—(interest)inhistory.NowIstillreadbooksonhistoryandwatchTVprogramsaboutitwhenIgetthechance.—8—(second),sheshowedmehowateachercanusethestudents'owncreativitytohelpthemlearn.Instead_9—justbeingakindofaudienceforlessons,wewereinvolvedin—10—(decide)whathappenedinthelessons.一W.短文改错(2017・庐江六校联考)PaulandImetinthefirsttimewhenwewerebothatuniversity.Inafact,wehatedeachotheratfirstthoughwewereinthesameclass.Ididn'tstarttolikehimuntilweendedupworkinthesamerestaurant.HehadbecomeachefbythenandI'dcalledintoredesigntheplacestogiveitmoreatmosphere.TheowneroftherestaurantissopleasedwithmyworkwhatIhadfreemealstherewheneverIwantedto.Needlesstosay,Iatethereregular.Paul'scookingwasamazingbutgraduallyIrealizedthatI'dchangedmymindabouther,too.B能力提升练I.阅读理解A(2017-广西三市调研)Ifyougetscaredwhenyougoskydiving,perhapsagoodwaytocopeistoteamupwithsomeonewhofeelsthesame.Anewstudysuggestssharingyourfeelingsofstresswithsomeonehavingasimilaremotionalreactiontothesamesituationreduceslevelsofstressmorethansharingthemwithsomeonewhodoesnot.ThestudyleaderSarahTownsendandhercolleaguesinvited52femaleundergraduatestotakepartinastudyonpublicspeakingwheretheyhadtoprepareandgiveaspeechthatwouldberecordedonvideo.Beforegivingtheirspeeches,theparticipantswereplacedinpairsandencouragedtodiscusswitheachotherhowtheyfeltaboutthesituation.Theresearchersmeasuredtheparticipants'emotionalstates,andhowthreateningtheyperceivedgivingaspeechtobe.Theyalsotookmeasuresofthestresshormonecortisol,before,duringandafterthespeech.Theresultsshowthatsharingathreateningsituationwithapersonwhoisinasimilaremotionalstatebuffers（缓解）individualsfromexperiencingtheheightenedlevelsofstress.Inotherwords,saysProf.Townsend,imagineyouarefacingastressfulsituationatwork,perhapsanimportantproject,andtheninteractingwithaco-workerwithasimilaremotionalprofilecanhelpreduceyourexperienceofstress.Prof.Townsendnowwantstoextendthescopeoftheresearchtolookathowdevelopingemotionalsimilaritymighthelppeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundswhohavetoworktogether,forexampleemployeesorstudents.1.Whatshouldyoudoifyouareafraidwhenyougoskydiving?GotoProf.Townsend.Participateinthestudy.Teamupwithsomeonewhofeelsthesame.Reducestress.WhocanbenefitfromSarahTownsend'sfindings?Peopleexperiencingstressatwork.Undergraduates.Researchersandprofessors.Colleagues.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perceived”inParagraph2mean?A.Persuade.B.Suggest.C.Feel.D.Point.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Talkingtocolleagueshelpstoincreaseyourstress.Peopleshouldtakepartinpublicspeaking.Howtodealwithyourstress.Stressreduceswhenshared.BBornin1956inDetroit,Michigan,RobertWylandbeganhiscareerinpaintingattheageofthree.Withafewcansofhousepaintfoundunderthekitchensink,hepaintedhisfirstmural（壁画）,dinosaurs,ontheheadboardofhisparents'bed.TodayyouneverknowwhereyoumightfindWyland,butchancesareyouwillhavetolookup.Thispainter,sculptor,andmuralistnowpaintsgiant-sizedmuralsofseaanimalsonmuchlargercanvases（画布）:wallsandceilingsofhotelsandotherbuildings,andeventheoutsideofastadium.Hisproject,theWhalingWalls,beganin1981whenWylandpaintedalife-sizedmuralofagraywhaleandherbabyonthesideofahotelinLagunaBeach,California.HisgoalwastopaintonehundredWhalingWalls,whichhasbeenachieved,Paintingsomanymuralswouldbeahugeprojectforanyartist,butthesizeofthesemuralsiswhathasreallymadethisawhaleofatask.HowdoesWylandgoaboutcreatingsuchhugelifelikemurals?Wylandsayshereliesonwhathecallshis“mind'seye”.Heexplainsthatthroughhismind'seyehecanlookatablankcanvasandformapictureofthefinishedmuralinhismind.Tocoversuchlargeareas,Wyland,whoisafraidofheights,dependsonscaffolding（脚手架）tohelphimmovearoundandproducehismurals.Butunlikemostartistswhocanstepbacktosurveytheirwork,Wylandhastorelymostlyonhismemory.Foraccuracyinhisartwork,Wylandspendsasmuchtimeunderwaterashedoespainting.Hedivestostudyhissubjectsandlearnmoreaboutthemintheirnaturalenvironment.Throughhisartwork,Wylandhopestoinspirepeopletocaremoreaboutouroceansandtorespectandprotectthelifewithinthem.Thewhalesheworkssohardtoprotectmaynotknowit,_butWylandmightjustbethebestfriendawhalecouldhave.WheredidWylandpainthisfirstmural?A.Inahotel.B.Intheopenair.C.Inhisparents'bedroom.B.Inthekitchenofhishome.WhatisWyland's“mind'seye”？A.Hiseyesight.B.Hismemory.C.Hisenthusiasm.D.Hisimagination.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Wylandmaybewhale'sbestfriend.Wylandisgoodatpaintingwhales.Wylandmayknowwhalesverywell.Wylandtrieshisbesttoprotecttheocean.8.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.100WhalingWallsB.TheprinceofwhalesC.Lookup,enjoythemuralsD.Neverstop,followyourdreamII.七选五（2017-衡水中学调研）Itisimpossibletoknowwhenyoumightfindyourselflostinaforest.Ifyouknowwhattodo,youcansurviveinaforestwithoutmuchtrouble;butifyouarenotprepared,survivalcanbemuchlesslikely.KeepfearatbayItiscompletelynaturaltobeafraidwhenyouarefacedwithasurvivalsituation.—1—Themoreyourfearovercomesyou,theloweryourchancesofsurvivalare,asyourmindisgoingtobecomecloudedandpanicmaysetin.StaywarmObviously,thelowbodytemperatureisoneoftheprimarydangersyoufacewhenyoumustsurviveintheforest.—2—Neverstoptosleeporquitmovingaroundunlessyouhaveanappropriateshelter.KnowhowtomakeafireObviously,ifyouhavealighterormatches,thisisnotaproblem.Butifnot,youcanattempttouseadrynarrowpointedstickandadryflatpieceofwood.—3—Thisrequiresagreatdealofwork,butifdonecorrectly,youwillsucceed.Makesomeshelter—4—Theeasiestwaytoprovideprotectionistofindafallentreeandcoveritwithotherbranchesandbrushsothatyoucanstayinthenaturalpitunderneaththetreetrunk.Thisisaveryimportantaspectofbeingabletosurviveintheforest.Stayput（待在原地）unlessyouknowexactlywhereyouareIfyoucanbuildastableshelterandstartafire,youcanbuildintheforestforseveraldays.—5—Ifyouknowwhereyouare,travelasfaraspossibleduringthedaywhilemakingsureyoustoplongenoughbeforedarksothatyoucanbuildanothershelter.Soonyouwillfindthatit'snotthatdifficulttosurviveintheforest.However,ifyouaregoingtosurviveintheforest,youmustkeepyourthoughtsclear.Makeasmuchfriction（摩擦）aspossiblebyrubbingthepointedstickalongtheflatpiece.Itisbettertostayandwaitforrescue.Undernocircumstancesshouldwefightwiththewildanimals.Cavesandoverhangsareperfect,butmostlikelyyoumustbuildyourown.Itiscrucialthatyoudoallyoucantostaydryandkeepyourbodytemperatureup.m.完形填空（2017.兰州模拟）Sixyearsago,Iwalkedintoalocalanimalshelteronacold,rainyday.—1—myhousewasalreadyfullofcatsanddogs,I—2—couldn'tresista/an_3—visittotheshelter.ThistimeasIwaswalkingdowntherowofpensfullofbarkingdogsInoticedasmallboylooking_4—oneofthem.Hehadamalnourished（营养不良的）lookingbodyanda5—facewithabignosestickingoutofthemiddleofit.Hewaslookingatasmall,goldendog.Itsbonyribswere_6—anditsthintailwasfoldedbetweenitslegs.Itwasn'tbeggingfor_7—liketheotherpuppiesbutwashidinginthecornerinstead.Theboylookedupatmewith_8—eyesandaskedwhatwaswrongwithit."Itwasprobablyabusedand9"，Isaid."Thatiswhyitissoscared.”Theboyimmediatelyturnedtoanolderladyandsaid,“Grandma,Iwantthisone.”Theoldwomansmiledandwalkedtothefrontdesktofilloutthe_10—forms.Ifollowedandasked—11—theboy.Ifoundoutthathe'dhada_12—startinlife,too.Shehadjustgottencustody（监护权）ofhimafterthestatehadtakenhimfrom_13—.She_14—gettingadogwouldmakeiteasieronhim.Ilookedbackathim,holdinghisscaredpuppy,andsaid15__for__16__.Itwasyesterday.Iwasdrivingdowntheroadenjoyingagloriouslysunny,springday.TheninagreenfrontyardIsawthe

boy.His17—bodywastallandstrong.Hisnose_18—seemedbigbutfitwellintohissmilingface.Hewasthrowingaballtoahealthy,happydogwithshining_19—hair.Hislittleactofloveandkindnesshadindeedgonealongway.Ithadsavedadog'slife,—20—hisownheart,andgiventhismiddle-agedmanfreshhopeforusall.A.IfThoughA.stillA.IfThoughA.stillD.everA.seldomspecialA.uponA.delicateshabbyA.showingpromisingA.favoriteattentionA.excitingsadA.spoiledwrongedA.healthadoption．A.forD.onD.WheneverB.otherwiseB.occasionalD.frequentlyB.intoD.uponB.bonyD.bareB.workingD.demandingB.mercyD.entertainmentB.boringD.annoyingB.belovedD.abandonedB.adaptionD.nurseryaboutA.rough B.happygood D.memorialA.theold B.hisauntparents D.theshelterA.hoped B.hadhopedsuggested D.hadsuggested15．A.agood-bye B.commentsC.C.yetC.C.yetC.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.overC.C.hisC.C.complaintsTOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.themboth B.themall C.usall D.usbothA.teenage B.childhood C.mid-aged D.agingA. nolonger B. anylonger C.anyfurther D.nofurtherA. black B. golden C.gray D.yellowA. broke B. healed C.struck D.touchedA基础达标练I.单句语法填空.解析：句意：回到水污染问题，我想让你们看一下澳大利亚在2012年进行的研究。study与conduct之间为被动关系，且设空处表示“完成”，故用过去分词作后置定语。答案：conducted.解析：分析句子结构可知，willinclude在句中作谓语，include为及物动词，其后加名词或动名词作宾语，再结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知此处应用动名词作宾语。答案：introducing.解析：考查现在分词作状语，people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。答案：using.解析：句意：要想更容易地联系到我们，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。根据句意可知这里应用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为Tomake。答案：Tomake.解析：句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语thebooks之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故答案为Ordered。答案：Ordered.答案：tocool.解析：refusetodosth.表示“拒绝做某事”。答案：tostop.解析:表示“继续（不间断地）做某事"时，要用keepdoingsth.，相当于continuedoingsth.。答案：riding.解析：句意为：因为有许多难题要解决，经理感觉像热锅上的蚂蚁。此处为with的复合结构，difficultproblems与settle之间为主动关系，且“解决难题”发生在将来，故用不定式作宾补，表示将要发生的动作。答案：tosettle.解析：句意为：从他的口音判断，他来自中国南方。judgingfrom意为“从……判断”，为独立成分，作状语时不用考虑它和句子主语之间的关系。答案：Judging.解析：句意为：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给（某人）穿衣”，常用于dresssb.或sb.be/getdressed结构。答案：dressed.解析：句意为：又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。failtodosth.为固定搭配，意为“未做到某事”，故填tomake。答案：tomake.解析：句意：25天里，它（熊猫）从没离开过它的孩子，甚至不出去找吃的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处something是eat逻辑上的宾语，要使用不定式作定语。故此处应填toeat。答案：toeat.解析：此句有谓语动词arranges,可判断此处填非谓语动词，people和live存在主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。答案：living.解析：此句有谓语动词names,可判断此处填非谓语动词，study和conduct存在被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。答案：conductedn.单句语法改错.解析：句意：我通过穿奇装异服向他们表示我是独立的。介词by后需跟动名词作宾语。答案：wearfwearing.解析：分析句子结构可知介词of后是动名词的复合结构，故用动名词形式。答案：enjoyfenjoying.答案：fillingffilled.答案：raisingfraised.答案：express前加to.答案：choosingfchosen.答案：thinkfthinking.答案：thinkfthinking.解析：本题考查“get+过去分词”表示状态。got在该题中为连系动词，且sunburn与We之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作表语。因此，答案为sunburned或sunburnt。答案：sunburned或sunburnt.解析：介词after之后应用v.-ing形式。答案：thinkfthinkingm.语法填空语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。该老师与众不同，总是让课堂充满乐趣，并布置学生喜欢的作业，从而赢得了学生的爱戴。when考查连词。根据语境可知，Smith老师是作者15岁上中学时的一个历史老师；分析句子结构可知。空格处在句中引导时间状语从句。故填when。but考查连词。根据空格前的“wereOK”及下文中的“itwasjustajob”可知，作者的大部分老师都很好，但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作，空格前后表示转折。故填but。loved考查动词的时态。文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填loved。best考查形容词的最高级。“oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“……中最……的一个"。根据语境可知，此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填best。towork考查非谓语动词。allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填towork。figures考查名词复数。根据空格前的“two”可知，此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填erested考查词性转换。"makesb.+形容词”意为“使某人……”，此处指使作者对历史感兴趣。故填interestedoSecondly考查词性转换。根据上文中的“Firstly”可知，此处应填Secondly。注意首字母大写。of考查介词。insteadof意为“代替，而不是”。故填of。deciding考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动名词形式。故填deciding。W.短文改错答案：PaulandImetinthefirsttimewhenwewerebothatforuniversity.Inafact,wehatedeachotheratfirstthoughwewereinthesameclass.Ididn'tstarttolikehimuntilweendedupworkinworkingthesamerestaurant.HehadbecomeachefbythenandI'd△calledintoredesigntheplacestogiveitmoreatmosphere.T;heplaceowneroftherestaurantissopleasedwithmyworkwhatIhadwas thatfreemealstherewheneverIwantedto.Needlesstosay,Iatethereregular.Paul'scookingwasamazingbutgraduallyIrealizedthatI'dregularly andchangedmymindabouther,too.himB能力提升练I.阅读理解语篇解读：一项新的研究发现，与有同样压力的人分享你的情感有助于减小压力。C考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“perhapsagoodwaytocopeistoteamupwithsomeonewhofeelsthesame”可知，跳伞时如果你感到害怕，你可以和有同样感觉的人结伴。A考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“Inotherwords,saysProf.Townsend,imagineyouarefacingastressfulsituationatwork,perhapsanimportantprojectwithalotridingonit,andtheninteractingwithaco—workerwithasimilaremotionalprofilecanhelpreduceyourexperienceofstress”可知，SarahTownsend的发现对在工作上有压力的人会有帮助。.C考查词义猜测。根据上文中的“Theresearchersmeasuredthe...threatening”可知，研究人员测试参与者的情感状态以及他们认为演讲有多么吓人。由此可知，画线词意为“觉得，认为"。D考查主旨大意。根据全文大意可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：与有同样压力的人交流分享可以帮助减小压力。语篇解读：本文是记叙文。罗伯特・怀兰常在建筑物的墙壁或者天花板上绘制巨型海洋生物。他希望通过自己的努力，唤醒人们对海洋的关注，保护海洋生物。C细节理解题。根据第一段中的hepaintedhisfirstmural,dinosaurs,ontheheadboardofhisparents'bed可知，怀兰的第一幅壁画是在他父母卧室的床头板上创作的。D推理判断题。根据第四段中的Heexplainsthatthroughhismind'seyehecanlookatablankcanvasandformapictureofthefinishedmuralinhismind可知，通过“头脑中的眼睛“，怀兰可以想象出他的成品是什么样的。由此不难推测，怀兰“头脑中的眼睛”指的就是他的想象力。A篇章结构题。根据文末的Wylandmightjustbethebestfriendawhalecouldhave可知，这里指怀兰努力保护的鲸鱼也许并不知道“怀兰或许是它们最好的朋友。”B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，罗伯特・怀兰常在建筑物的墙壁或者天花板上绘制巨型海洋生物，尤其是鲸鱼。他希望通过自己的努力，保护包括鲸鱼在内的海洋生物，因此用“鲸鱼王子”称呼他一点也不为过。II.七选五语篇解读：本文具体介绍了在森林里迷路时的一些自保求生的方法。B上一句提到“当面临生存问题的时候害怕是很自然的”，下文又提到害怕的时候会思维混乱，所以此处应该是指不要害怕。B项“然而，如果你想要在森林里活下来，你必须保持思维清晰”符合语境。G该段的小标题是Staywarm,空前一句提到在森林里低体温会很危险，所以要想活下来就要保持身体温暖。G项中的“keepyourbodytemperatureup”符合语境。故选G项。C本段讲述了在没有打火机或火柴的情况下，可以“钻木取火”。空前一句提到了'冶drynarrowpointedstick”和“adryflatpieceofwood”，下文又说需要很大的工作量，所以本句应是介绍具体的做法。C项“尽可能多地用尖头的棍子在木板上摩擦”符合语境。F该段的小标题是Makesomeshelter,下文描述了搭建庇护处的最简单的方法，F项中的“butmostlikelyyoumustbuildyourown”符合语境。故选F项。D本段的小标题是Stayput（待在原地）unlessyouknowexactlywhereyouare,D项“待在原地等待营救是更好的”符合语境。m.完形填空语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个小男孩领养了一只与他有着同样坎坷命运的小狗的故事。.C考查连词辨析。根据句中的“already”和“couldn't”可知，尽管作者家里已经有了许多猫和狗。但是作者还是会去动物收容所。C项意为“尽管”，符合语境。A项意为“如果”；B项意为“随着”；D项意为“无论何时”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。A考查副词辨析。although常与still连用，意为“虽然……但是仍旧……”。故答案选A。B考查词义辨析。根据语境可知，尽管作者家里已经有了许多猫和狗，但作者还是会去动物收容所。空格处修饰名词visit,应用形容词，可排除A、D两项。B项意为“偶尔的”；C项意为“特别的，专门地”。结合语境可知，此处应指作者偶尔去一次动物收容所。故答案选B。B考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“therowofpensfullofbarkingdogs”可知，此处应指小男孩朝一个围栏里看。lookup意为“查找，查阅“；100kon/upon意为“把看作“；100kinto意为“看，观察”。故答案选B。B考查形容词辨析。根据空格前的“amalnourished（营养不良的）lookingbody”及空格后的“withabignosestickingoutofthemiddleof