2018年高考英语真题卷北京卷

2018年高考英语真题卷（」晾卷）（2018•北京）一Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround?—Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.A.start B.havestarted C.started D.hadstarted（2018•北京）wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until（2018•北京）alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.A.Travel B.Traveling C.Havingtraveled D.Traveled（2018•北京）Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworking B.wasworking C.hasworked D.hadworked（2018•北京）Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.A.which B.who C.asD.that（2018•北京）DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.share B.toshare C.havingshared D.shared（2018•北京）China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowing B.havegrown C.willgrow D.hadgrown（2018•北京）Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed（2018•北京）Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped（2018•北京）Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.use（2018•北京）Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.A.how B.when C.whereD.why（2018•北京）Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must（2018•北京）Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven（2018•北京）一Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.on C.inD.at.（2018•北京）Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.thatD.what二、完形填空.（2018•北京）完形填空TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incashwouldbeasource（来源）oftemptation（诱惑）.Butthe 1wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith2moreremarkable.Afterspottinga3onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe4toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he5insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（联系）thedriver,onlyto 6 itcontained£400innotes,withanother£50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter7anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth£35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere8tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas9 .ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis 10 .Mr.Andersonsaid:"Icouldn'tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight11hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand12hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers 13 .It'sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare14guysoutthere."Mr.Smith'sact 15muchofthepublic'sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.AndersonabouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.AndersonhassetupanonlinecampaigntomoneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived£8,000."Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown 18himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shadjobandallsorts,"Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing 20 .Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.A.aimC.urgeD.efforthopeA.stillB.evenC.everD.onceA.B.bagC.boxD.parcelwalletB.A.colleag"partner ownerpolicemanC.A.hidsteppeD.reachedturneddA.B.C.D.believediscovercollectcheckC.A.B.readinD.writingtakingleavinggC.A.B.amuseD.shockedsatisfiedexciteddB.C.A.safe D.seenmissingfoundC.D.A.B.kindneencourageservicesupportssmentB.if D.becausewhen whereC.A.yetalreadD.justratheryA.B.C.D.insteadtoothoughagainA. D.politeC.richhonest generousA.paidC.castD.drewgaveA.B.C.D.heardlearnedpostedcaredA.raiseC.saveD.earnborrowA.ofB.atC.forD.inTOC\o"1-5"\h\zB. D.A. C.change applicationdetails offerss sB.A. C.D.adventulesson chancechallengere三、阅读理解（2018•北京）阅读理解AMyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces^带）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!"Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope(2)WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.(3)Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.(4)Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.（2018•北京）阅读理解BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceand人丫1己^。门（航空）CenterIfyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter（SAC）istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges（荣誉徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（|模拟）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（驾驶舱）ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof"downed"pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures. B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering. D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.(2)ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospace B.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflight D.buildandfiremodelrockets(3)Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.(2018•北京)阅读理解CPlastic-EatingWormswaxmothHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills垃圾填埋场），andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains,"Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic."Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics. D.Theywindupinlandfills.(2)AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindings D.increasethebreakdownspeed(3)Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceans D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.(2018•北京)阅读理解DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing^U车）services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure!基础设施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues（责任与维护问题）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironment D.makesomepeoplelosejobs(2)Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Safety. B.Sideeffects. C.Affordability. D.Management.(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fielded"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared.D.Reduced.(4)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.四、任务型阅读（2018•北京）任务型阅读WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering触发）events,personalitytraits（特征），andourassessmentofsituations.Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative（消极的）outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.五、书面表达（2018•北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：1）表示欢迎；2）推荐他上哪所大学；3）建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：1）词数不少于50;2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua23.（2018•北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。答案解析部分一、单项填空.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：——嗨，我是皮特。你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你。——嗨，皮特。我是鲍勃。我周一刚来。通过理解句意，根据语境判断句中的时间状语onMonday是一个过去的时间所以此处用一般过去时，故答案为C。【点评】考查动词的时态，理解语境，弄清时间状语即可确定答案。.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物会消失。although虽然；while虽然；然而；if如果；until直到。根据句意可知此处表示假设，所以用if引导条件状语从句，故答案为C。【点评】考查引导状语从句的连词辨析。通读句子，弄清前后句之间的逻辑关系，将连词代入句中，符合逻辑的即为正确答案。.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一个有趣且很值得的经历。此处是句子的主语，所以动动名词travelling。动词原形、过去式和分词都不能作主语，故答案为B。【点评】考查非谓语动词，注意能在句中作主语的只有动名词或不定式，动词的其他形式不能充当主语。.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：Susan已经辞去那份报酬丰厚的工作，去年我去看她的时候她正在社区当志愿者。句中的whenIvisitedherlastyear确定了过去的某一时间点，所以此处表示当时动作正在进行，所以用过去进行时。故答案为B。【点评】考查动词的时态，注意寻找时间线索，根据语境中的暗示确定答案。.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：她和家人骑车去上班，这帮助他们保持健康。这是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面整个句子，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，而且which在从句中作主语。who指人；that不引导定语从句；as通常翻译成“正如；就像〃，所以此处可以排除，故答案为A。【点评】考查引导定语从句的关系词，掌握定语从句的基本定义和关系词的基本用法即可判断正确答案。.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚在一起共享大餐、赏月、吃月饼。此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式，故答案为B。【点评】考查动词不定式在句中表示目的的用法。.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：中国的高铁在过去的今年中从9000千米增加到25000千米。inthepast/last+时间，是现在完成时的标志，故答案为B。【点评】考查现在完成时，牢记现在完成时的标志词：since；for+时间段；already；ever；never；sofar；inthepast/last+时间。.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：在任何不安全的环境中，只按一下按钮，一个训练有素的工作人员就会带给你所需要的帮助。句型：祈使句+and/or+表将来的陈述句。所以此处是祈使句部分，所以用动词原形，故答案为A。【点评】考查并列句的固定句型，牢记基本结构即可。.【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：一个救援者冒着生命危险拯救了两个在山里被困了两天的游客。通过risked确定本句是过去的时态；for+时间段是完成时的标志，所以此处用过去完成时；而trap是及物动词，意思是'‘使受限制；困住'’，此处应该用被动结构，故答案为D。【点评】考查动词的时态和语态。注意通过时态的前后一致确定大致的时态，然后根据相关的时间状语和语境判断具体的时态和语态。.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：普通肥皂，正确使用的话，可以有效地杀灭细菌。此处是句子的状语，所以用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是soap，soap与use之间是被动关系，故答案为A。【点评】考查分词作状语的用法。分词作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语，根据动词与逻辑主语之间的关系判断其形式。.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：没有他的支持，我们不能到达现在的地步。此处是表语从句，how怎样；如何；when何时；where……的地方；何地；why为什么;根据句意可知指现在的处境，故答案为C。【点评】考查名词性从句的引导词，理解句意，根据语境判断，注意句子的逻辑。.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失对于一家公司来说有时候会造成严重的问题。need需要；should应该；can可能；能够；must必须；一定。本句是对现在情况进行可能的推测，can用于肯定句中表示：“有时候会〃；而must意思是“一定会”，根据常识可知丢失数据可能会造成严重的问题，也可能不会造成严重问题，所以用can在逻辑上更严谨，故答案为C。【点评】考查情态动词表示推测的用法。can用于肯定句表示“有时候会”这一用法比较生僻，需要特别注意。.【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：要是他们开车多走几公里的话，他们也许会找到一家更好的旅馆。本句是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句用“mighthave+过去分词〃，从句要用过去完成时，故答案为D。【点评】考查虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法，牢记if条件句中虚拟语气的基本格式即可做出判断。.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：早上好，这是李先生的办公室。早上好，我想约下周三下午。短语：makean叩pointmentfor为……预约。故答案为A。【点评】考查介词辨析，熟记固定搭配。.【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：这是我爸爸所教给我的——要直面困难心怀希望。这是表语从句，根据teachsbsth可知从句中缺少直接宾语，所以用what引导。how怎样；which哪一个；that无意义也补充当从句的成分，故答案为D。【点评】考查表语从句中的引导词的用法，掌握名词性从句连词的基本使用规则：连接词that不作成分；连接代词如what在从句中作主语或宾语；连接副词像when、where、how在从句中作状语。二、完形填空.【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）A；（4）C；（5）D；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）A；（10）C；（11）A；（12）B；（13）D；（14）A；（15）D；（16）B；（17）B；（18）D；（19）C；（20）C；【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了流浪汉拾金不昧的故事。某雨天，流浪汉看到一辆未关车窗的车内放有钱包，怕钱包被盗，在雨中等待车主两小时。苦等无果，便拿着钱包去警局寻失主。车主获知事件经过，将经历分享到脸谱网上，为该地区流浪汉筹钱，最后流浪汉得到了许多工作机会。（1）C句意：对很多人而言，找到一个装满400英镑现金且无人看管的钱包都会是种诱惑。而这种欲望对于无家可归、既没食物又没钱的人而言，无疑会更加强烈。A、hope希望；B、aim目标；C、urge强烈的欲望；D、effort努力。有空格前的the可知此处前文提到的temptation（诱惑），所以此处选择其近义词urge（强烈的欲望），故答案为C。⑵B句意：这一切使得无家可归的TomSmith的举动更为不同寻常，引人注目。A、still仍然;B、even甚至；C、ever曾经；D、once曾经；此处修饰比较级，表示强调，故答案为B。⑶A句意：在发现了在一个没有关窗子的停着的汽车的前排座位上的钱包后，他站在雨中差不多两个小时守护着钱包等着主人归来。A、wallet钱包；B、bag包；C、box盒子；D、parcel包裹。根据第一句提到的anunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incash可知是钱包，故答案为A。⑷C句意：他站在雨中差不多两个小时守护着钱包等着主人归来。A、partner搭档；B、colleague同事；C、owner主人；D、policeman警察；守护着钱包，当然是等它的〃owner〃，故答案为C。D句意：在寒冷的雨中几个小时后，他把手伸进车里拿出钱包，希望能找到身份证，这样他就可以联系司机了。A、turned转身；B、hid躲藏;C、stepped迈步；Dsreached伸手。钱包在车的前排座位上，想要拿到当然需要〃伸手〃，故答案为D。A句意：却发现里面有400英镑的钞票，旁边还有50英镑的零钱。A、discover发现；B、collect收集；C、check检查；核对；D、believe相信。打开钱包，〃发现〃里面有钱，故答案为A。B句意：然后，他在留下一张便条告诉车主钱包安全，便带着钱包去了附近的警察局。A、taking带走；B、leaving留下；C、reading读；D、writing写。短语：leaveanote/message留便条，故答案为B。D句意：当车主和同事回到位于格拉斯哥市中心价值35000英镑的汽车停放的位置时，他们惊讶地发现有两个警察站在车的旁边。A、satisfied满意的;B、excited兴奋的；C、amused好笑的；D、shocked震惊的。没有违法却招来了警察，所以感到〃震惊〃，故答案为D。A句意：警察告诉他们史密斯先生的所作所为，还有他的钱包是安全的。A、safe安全的；B、missing丢失的；C、found被发现的；D、seen被看见的。故答案为A。C句意：后来这两个人能够感谢史密斯先生的善意之举。A、service服务;B、support支持；C、kindness善行；D、encouragement鼓励；此处指前面提到帮助保护钱包的行为，故答案为C。A句意：既然到他本可以偷了钱并且花钱让自己找一个地方住一晚，但是他今晚还是住在大街上。A、when考虑到；既然；B、if如果；C、where哪里；D、because因为；此处是对史密斯拾金不昧的行为的评价，根据句意，故答案为A。B句意：这个男的身无分文，然而他还是没有自己拿走钱包。A、rather相当；B、yet然而；C、already已经；D、just只是；表示转折，故答案为B。D句意：他(没有自己拿走钱包)而是想到了别人。A、too也；B、though不过；然而；C、again又；Dsinstead代替；而不是。根据句意，故答案为D。A句意：这是难以置信的，只是证明了有诚实的人。A、honest诚实的；B、polite有礼貌的；C、rich富有的；D、generous慷慨的。这是对史密斯先生的行为的总结，故答案为A。D句意：史密斯先生的行为吸引了公众大量关注。A、gave给；B、paid支付；C、cast投掷；D、drew吸引。短语：drawone'sattention吸引人的注意，故答案为D。B句意：在安德森先生把这一善意之举发布在脸谱网上之后，他也赢得了社交媒体用户的赞誉。A、learned了解到；B、posted张贴；C、cared关心；D、heard听见。此处指在网上发布帖子，故答案为B。B句意：现在安德森先生在网上发起了一个活动，为史密斯先生和这一地区其他无家可归的人募捐。A、borrow借；B、raise募集；C、save节省；D、earn挣；赚。根据下文可知是〃募捐〃，故答案为B。D句意：我想每个人对他表现出的信任已经感动了他。show/havefaithin对……信任；故答案为D。C句意：在街上人们主动接近他，给他提供工作等各种帮助。A、details细节；B、changes变化；C、offers提供；D、applications申请；根据上文提到的人们的募捐，所以此处指人们“主动提供帮助”，故答案为C。C句意：对于史密斯先生而言，这是一个改变人生的机会。A、lesson教训；B、adventure探险；C、chance机会；D、challenge挑战。根据句意，故答案为C。【点评】这是一篇记叙文，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要读懂全文，弄清文章要表达的思想，注意文中前后段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一篇文章，看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺，语意连贯。三、阅读理解17.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者在参加马拉松前一个月受了伤，训练时间不足，且在初一时就被体育老师说没有运动天赋，但是30多岁的他依然坚持跑完马拉松，突破自我，挑战不可能。⑴细节理解。根据题干中的amonthbeforethemarathon可知答案在第一段，由最后一句Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead可知作者决定参加比赛，故答案为C。⑵细节理解。将题干中的P.E.classinhis7th丫63「定位在第二段，作者自己在7年纪的时候做得不是很好，后来被老师认为不是一个擅长运动的人，并且第三段提到老师的notathletic一直影响着他，故答案为C。⑶细节理解。从文章倒数第二段Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal可知作者坚持到最后，终于做到了，故答案为A。⑷主旨大意。这是一篇记叙文，在最后一段点题：Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner''可知，作者是一个意志坚定，通过不懈努力，最终获得了成功的胜利者，故答案为B。【点评】本文属于励志的故事类阅读，阅读时要通读文章，弄清文章的主旨大意。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词定位并查找信息，切忌凭感觉做题。.【答案】(1)A(2)D(3)B【解析】【分析】这是一篇广告，介绍一个寻求冒险的乐园——SpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)O⑴细节理解。根据第一句Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplaceto56可在SAC的目的是为了体验冒险的经历，故答案为Ao⑵细节理解。题干中的SpaceExplorationbadge和trainee定位在第三段第二句AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets，故答案为D。⑶细节理解。根据第四段Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask可知，对于受训者来说，团队精神与协作是最为重要的，故答案为B。【点评】本文属于应用文阅读，此类文章重在考查对细节信息的查找和分析，答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息，与选项进行比对，答案就显而易见了。.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍吃塑料的虫子的工作原理及应用设想。⑴细节理解。将题干中的wormsinthestudy定位在第二段第二句，thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams可知这些虫子吃塑料，故答案为C。⑵细节理解。将题干中的关键词JenniferDeBruyn定位在第四段，找到thenextstep出现在倒数第二句Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown，可知，下一步将是确定这种分解的原因，即找到酶的来源，故答案为B。⑶推理判断。确定题干中chemical最后一段的最后一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.,可知，她期望把化学物质用于某种工业生产中，而不是仅仅把虫子扔到塑料上，故答案为D。⑷主旨大意。通过文章标题Plastic-EatingWorms以及首尾段落的理解，可知全文在介绍虫子与塑料的降解之间的关系，所以C项：介绍一种分解塑料的方法，即'‘吃塑料的虫子'’是本文的中心，故答案为C。【点评】本文属于科普类说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】这一篇科普类议论文，主要谈论在城市里推广无人驾驶汽车会面临哪些问题以及该作何准备。⑴细节理解。题干中的attentionshouldbepaidto可被定位到第二段第一句muchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars中，可知人们关注的是无人汽车的安全问题，另外在下文中提到的减少交通拥堵、减少尾气排放以及提供更加便捷的经济的选择都是''与交通相关的问题〃，故答案为A。⑵细节理解。根据第一段Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated可知，技术对于交通系统和城市的改变是更好还是更差取决于这种转换如何被管理。regulate管理，是manage的同义词，故答案为D。⑶词义猜测。employ使用；replace代替；share分享；reduce减少。本词所在句子的后一句的but说明前后是转折关系，通过理解后一句来倒推前一句的意思。“随着价格的降低，无人驾驶汽车的个人占有率会越来越高。〃所以可以推断前一句的意思是''第一批商用的无人驾驶汽车将会首先被叫车服务公司所使用。〃所以答案为A。⑷观点态度。doubtful怀疑的；positive积极的；disapproving不赞成的；sympathetic同情的。文章最后一句话Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit（未来的汽车即将到来，我们得为之做好计划）说明未来无人驾驶汽车是不可阻挡的趋势，所以作者是积极的态度，故答案为B。【点评】本文属于科技类议论文，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。四、任务型阅读.【答案】F；G；E；A；D【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于心理健康的说明文，介绍了让人生气的三个原因：1、外界诱因事件；2、自身性格；3、对环境的评价。⑴F此空位于段尾，所以重在理解前文。由Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events可知此处列举产生愤怒的原因，与F中的Understandingthesereasons向呼应，故答案为F。⑵G后一句说明的是一些人容易受到触发事件影响而他人不会受到影响的原因与个人历史以及心理特征有关，选项G中的whattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother与someoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits相对应，故答案为G。（3）E前一句说明了某性格特征的人更容易生气，E中的Havingthesepersonalitytraits与空格前一句中的personalitytraits一致，故答案为E。⑷A这是段首句，通常为本段的主题句。通过理解段意〃某些平常事件会产生愤怒的情绪，有时候无知以及对于事件的负面看法也会导致愤怒的出现，：所以此处应是〃个人对于事件的评估也会导致愤怒情绪的产生〃，故答案为A。⑸D根据后一句的However可知本句话与后一句构成转折关系。angercaneasilyturnviol