高考英语一轮复习课件：必修3 Unit 4

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars必修3考点要求Ⅰ.写出下列必考单词1.大气层n._____________2.乘，增加v._____________3．人造卫星n._____________4.不同，不像prep._____________5.气候n._____________6.地心引力；重力n._____________7.理论n._____________8.碰撞，坠落v._____________9.宇宙飞船n._____________10.拉力，拖，牵引力n.＆v._____________atmospheremultiplysatelliteunlikeclimategravitytheorycrashspaceshippull11.基本的，基础的adj._____________12.链子，锁链n._____________13.天文学n._____________14.原子n._____________fundamentalchainastronomyatomⅡ.写出下列单词的变化形式1.系统(n.)_____________；系统的(adj.)_____________2.球体，地球(n.)_____________；全球性的(adj.)_____________3.猛烈的(adj.)_____________；暴力(n.)_____________；猛烈地(adv.)_____________4.生存(v.)_____________；生存(n.)_____________5.物理学家(n.)_____________；物理(n.)_____________；身体的(adj.)_____________physicalsystemsystematicglobeglobalviolentviolenceviolentlyexistexistencephysicistphysics6.生物学(n.)_____________；生物学家(n.)_____________7.宗教（n.）_____________；宗教的（adj.）_____________8.原子（n.）_____________；原子的（adj.）_____________biologybiologistreligionreligiousatomatomic◆活学活用用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Thetreatmenttheygavehimdidhimmore___________thangood，thoughthedoctorinsisteditwas___________.(harm)2.Air_____________everywhereandits____________makesitpossibleforustoliveon.(exist)3.Heisvery_____________.Forexample，theliftingdevicehemadeisa_____________ofropesandpulleys.(system)4.A_______tourmeanstravelingallaroundthe________.(globe)harmharmlessexistsexistencesystematicsystemglobalglobe5.Theuseof_____________againsttheattackersledtomore__________clashes.(violently)6.Shewasa_____________womanwhowouldn，thurtanant.(gently)violenceviolentgentleⅢ.翻译下列必背短语1.及时，终于_______________2.下蛋_______________3.高兴,振奋_______________4.产生，分娩_______________5.轮到某人_______________6.爆发_______________7.阻止_______________8.既然_______________9.以……为起点_______________10.四面八方_______________intimelayeggscheerupgivebirthtoinone，sturnbreakoutprevent...fromnowthatbeginwithinalldirection11.冷却_______________12.掌握……的技巧/诀窍_______________13.在表面__________________14.密切注视，当心_______________cooldowngetthehangofonone，s/thesurfacewatchout◆活学活用根据括号中的解释，用适当的短语完成句子。1.WegottoWashington_____________(sufficientlyearlysoasnottobelate)forthecherryblossoms.2.He_____________(filledwithgladness，hope)atthethoughtofseeinghisgirlfriendagain.3.Whenyou_____________thisnewmachine，itwillhelpyoualot.(knowtheskillof)4._____________!(beonone，sguard;keeplookingoutforpossibletrouble)There，sacarcoming!5.SARS_____________in2002andquiteafewpeoplediedofit.(happensuddenly)intimecheeredupgetthehangofWatchoutbrokeout6.Marx，sideas_____________(produceyoung)communism.7.Yourpromptaction_____________(stoporhindersb./sth.)aseriousaccident.gavebirthtopreventedmultiplyexistpreventpuzzleblockcrashcheerfloatexhaustwatchⅣ.单元重点动词◆活学活用用上述动词的适当形式填空。1._____________veryfast，rabbitssoonbecamethelargestfamilyofalltheanimalsinthiswoods.2._____________atthe_____________result，hestoodthere，notknowingwhattodo.MultiplyingPuzzledpuzzling3.Thereisnoneed_____________yourselfclearingup—we，lldoitourselves.4.Doeslife_____________onotherplanets?5.Manyroads_____________aftertoday，sheavysnow，soyou，dbetternotgoout.6.Itwasreportedthataplane_____________soonafterittookoff，causing10deaths.toexhaustexistareblockedcrashedmultiplyexistpreventpuzzleblockcrashcheerfloatexhaustwatchⅤ.重点句型1.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.(P26)水会对于生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。Itis/wasobviousthat...“很明显……”剖析：Itisadj.that...在本句中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。it做形式主语时，后面的真正主语可以由不定式，动名词或从句充当。如：Itiseasiertobreakdownfriendshipthantobuildupfriendship.破坏友谊比建立友谊要容易。ItwasamazingthatthechildcouldspeakEnglishsowell.那个孩子的英语说得如此好真是令人惊异。◆活学活用模仿造句。(1)很明显，我们在这里是非常受欢迎的。_____________thatweareverywelcomehere.(2)你现在不方便见我的经理。__________________________________(3)对着洒了的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。__________________________________ItisobviousIt，snotconvenientforyoutoseemymanagernow.It，snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2．Thismadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.（P26）这就使得生命开始进化成为可能。it作形式宾语的句型是：主语＋动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/从句或动名词。◆活学活用模仿造句。（1）这使我难以控制自己。Thismade_____________tocontrolmyself.（2）他认为去前线是他的责任。____________________________________(3)我们规定，课内外都讲英语。____________________________________ithardHeconsideredithisdutytogotothefront.WemadeitaruletospeakEnglishinandoutofclass.Ⅵ.语篇领悟根据课文HowLifebeganontheEarth完成下列短文Attheverybeginning，theearthwasjustacloudof(1)(energy)dust.Thenthedustcombined(2)aballmovingaroundthesun.Afterthat，itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock，(3)(produce)watervapour，carbondioxideandothergases，(4)intheendmadetheearth，satmosphere.Thentheearth(5)down，andwater，oneoftheearth，sspecial(6)，appearedandstayedontheearth，whichmade(7)possibleforlifetobegin(8)(develop).Somesmallplants(9)(grow)inthewaterappearedontheearth，ssurface，(10)(follow)bylandenergeticintoproducingwhichcooledqualitiesittodevelopgrowingfollowedanimals,(11)insects，amphibians，reptilesandthe(12)importantanimalscalleddinosaursuntilfinallydinosaursdisappeared(13)ofasuddenandsomesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadall(14)theearthandinplaceofdinosaurstheybecame(15)mostimportantanimalsontheplanet—thatis，humanbeings.including/likemostallovertheⅦ.考点活用用本单元所学词组、句型翻译下列短文火星上有生命吗？不知道。我们能登陆火星吗？这完全取决于科学技术的发展。人类对火星有了一些了解：火星上没有氧气，火星上中午的温度可能在50度左右,而晚上则在零下100度左右了。这样我们就不能在那里生活。既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星的话，我们就要带上氧气，食品，衣服和住的地方（shelter）。但可以肯定，人类迟早会登陆火星的。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：IstherelifeonMars？Wedon，tknow.CanwelandonMars？Italldependsonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.ManhasknownalittleaboutMars.ThereisalmostnooxygenonMars.Itmightbeabout50degreesabovezeroatnoonand100degreesbelowzeroatnight，whichpreventsusfromlivingthere.NowthatMarsarequitedifferentfromourearth，ifwearetogotoMarsoneday，weshouldhavetotakealongourownoxygen，food，clothingandshelter.ButitiscertainthatmanwilllandonMarsintime.自主学习1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.(P25)地球猛烈爆炸起火，并喷涌出岩石。◆词语辨析loud；loudly；aloud（1）loud可用作形容词、副词，表“大声地”，与sing，speak，talk，cry，laugh连用。（2）loudly副词，大声地，暗含“喧闹地”意思，与explode，shout连用。（3）aloud副词。意为“出声地”，与read，think连用。如：readaloud(朗读)，thinkaloud(自言自语)◆即学即练用loud；loudly；aloud填空。（1）Sing_____________，please.（2）Thebombexploded_____________nearthehotel.（3）Thekidsplayingontheplaygroundoftenlaugh____________andlong.louderloudlyloud2.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen，whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.(P26)他们繁殖起来就使得早期的海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。◆词语归纳encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做urgesb.todosth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做urgeodoingsth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做◆即学即练(1）父亲总是鼓励我学好英语。_____________________________________（2）老师鼓励我报名参加演讲比赛。_____________________________________FatheralwaysencouragedmetolearnEnglishwell.Myteacherurgedmetoenterforthespeaking/speechcompetition.3.Beforeweleft，LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourney...(P30)在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变。注意下列句中force的意思。（1）Weforcedthedooropenandarrestedthetwomurderers.（强迫,强行）（2）Theforceofgravityisreallymysterious.（力量）（3）Whenhewasonlyseventeen，hejoinedtheforcestodefendhiscountry.(军队)（4）Asmostmensufferedfromthisstrangedisease，themajorityofthelabourforcesinthisvillagewerewomenandchildren.(劳动力)◆词语归纳forceopen强行打开byforce依靠武力forcesb.todosth.迫使……做comeintoforce（法律）实施forceodoingsth.迫使……做inforce大批的forceone，sway强行前进或进入forcesth.onsb.把……强加于……◆即学即练选用上述词组完成下列小片段。Itwasreportedthattwopeasantworkers(1)____________(被迫)work14hoursadaybutwithlittlemoney.Oneofthemcouldn，tstanditandoneofthem(2)_____________(强行前进或进入)theboss，shouseandkilledhim.Theother(3)_____________（强迫）abankclerk(4)_____________（hand）inthemoney.答案：(1)wereforcedto(2)forcedhiswayinto(3)forced(4)intohanding4....IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(P31)我发现我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍。asfaras后省了Iwascarried,表示“（在飞船上）步子的跨度是在地球上的两倍。”◆句型归纳表达倍数的句型最常用的有三个：（1）A+动词+倍数+比较级+thanBA比B长/宽/高/重……倍。（2）A+动词+倍数+as+原级+asBA是B的……倍。（3）A+动词+倍数+the+相应名词+ofBA是B的……倍。温馨提示：句型（3）中的相应各问指长、宽、高、深、重、大小等形容词的相应名词。如：long—length，wide—width，high—height，deep—depth，weighty—weight，large—size.例如：I，llpaybacktwicetheamountwhatIborrowfromyou.我将还给你我所借你钱的两倍。◆即学即练A.将下列句子译成英语。(1)地球大概是月亮的四十九倍。___________________________________(2)线段A是线段B的两倍。___________________________________答案：（1）Theearthisabout49timesbiggerthanthemoon.Theearthisabout49timesasbigasthemoon.Theearthisabout49timesthesizeofthemoon.（2）LineAistwiceaslongasLineB.LineAistwicethelengthofLineB.◆词语拓展asfaras远达，远至aslongas长达(还有“只要”的意思)asmanyas多达astallas高达asdeepas深达asheavyas重达as/sofarasI，mconcerned就我而言as/sofarasIknow据我所知◆即学即练B.选用上述词组完成句子。（1）Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_____________fivefooteightaccordingtohimself.（2）Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire，sometimesfor_____________anhour，thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.（3）—Howfarapartdotheylive?—_____________，theyliveinthesameneighbourhood.（4）_____________Iknowthemoneyissafe，Ishallnotworryaboutit.（5）_____________，youcandowhateveryoulike.astallasaslongasAsfarasIknowAslongasAsfarasI，mconcerned5.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceship.(P30)我高兴起来，由于失重，我在太空船舱里飘来飘去。注意下列句中cheer的意思。（1）Thegoodnewscheeredthefamily.（使高兴，欢呼,为……喝彩）（2）Seeyoutomorrow，thencheers.（〈口语〉谢谢，干杯，再见）◆短语归纳cheerup高兴起来，振奋起来cheersb.up(使）充满欢喜、希望、鼓舞（1）Let，sgototheplaygroundandcheerforourplayers.咱们去操场为我们的队员加油吧。（2）Cheerup!Ourtroubleswillsoonbeover!振作起来！我们的困难很快就会过去的。写作步步高如何写好名词性从句(2)名词性从句中有一个问题需特别注意:it做形式主语，it做形式宾语。it做形式主语的常用句型:Itis+形容词+that...Itis+过去分词+that...如：Itmatters/doesn，tmatter+that/whether...例：It（形式主语）is（系动词）necessary（表语）thatyouinformhimofthedateofthemeetingatonce（真主语（从句））.It（形式主语）wassaid（谓语）thatheusedtobemanagerofabigcompany（真主语（从句））.It（形式主语）mattersalot（谓语）whetheryoucanraiseenoughmoneyfortheproject（真主语（从句））.it做形式宾语的句型:主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词（宾语补足语）+从句(真宾语)例:We（主语）consider（谓语）it（形式宾语）agreathonour（宾补（名词））toholdthe2008Olympic