高二英语新课标必修4Unit4知识点

高二英语新课标必修4Unit4知识点讲解张云奇绥中一高中一、单词识记1._________n.磁带2._________n.食堂3.________n.飞机；航班4.________n.面颊5.________n.等级；军衔rankcassettecanteenflightcheek6.___________n.宿舍7.______vi.猛冲；突进8._______v.迎接；问候9.___________vt.代表；象征10._____v.拥抱hugdormitorydashgreetrepresent11._______vi.打呵欠12._______adj.错误的；假的13._______n.成人adj.成熟的14.__________n.作用vi.起作用15.___________v.&n.接近；走近approachyawnfalseadultfunction二、单词拓展(A)单词派生1.__________vt.

联想,联合

n.

伙伴,同事____________n.

社团；联系；联想2.__________adj.好奇的__________adv.好奇地__________n.好奇心curiosityassociate

associationcurious

curiously3._________v.谈话，讲话_________n.发言_________adj.口语的

speak

speechspoken4.__________n.防御，保卫__________v.防御，保卫____________adj.防御的，保卫的defensivedefence

defend5._______n.脸;表面_______adj.面部的6._______n.安逸;舒适vt.减轻_______adj.舒适的；容易的easyfacefacial

ease5.________v.主修__________n.大多数,大部分majoritymajor6.____________v.代表，象征_________________n.代表adj.典型的,有代表性的representativerepresent(B)灵活运用用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Childrenshow_________(curious)abouteverything.名词作宾语。2.Hewasthequeen’s___________(represent)attheceremony.在所有格后用名词。representativecuriosity3.It’ssaidthatourheadmasterwillgiveusa_______(speak)atthemeeting.名词作宾语。4.Theyhadalarge_________(major)overtheotherpartyatthelastelection.名词作宾语。majority

speech

5.Allourofficersaretrained_________(defensive)ourselvesagainstknifeattack.不定式表示目的。todefend三、短语翻译

1.___________________背对……2.____________很可能……;有希望3.___________总的来说;通常4.__________舒适;快活;自由自在5.__________丢脸loseface

turnone’sbackto

belikelyto

ingeneral

atease6.________________保卫……以免受7.______________靠近……8.________________相反9.___________________向某人介绍10._________________面部表情facialexpressiondefend...againstmovecloseto

onthecontrary

introducesb.tosb.【归纳总结】represent1)vt.代表；描绘；表现，体现，象征；声称，宣称；说明2)representsth/sb代表某物/某人

3)representsbas/tobe…宣称某人为……4)representsthtosb向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事5)representsth/sbassth/sb把……描绘成……1.representvt.代表，象征运用根据汉语意思完成句子。⑴她代表同学们出席了这次学校会议。She________________________attheschoolmeeting.⑵我代表学校给您打电话。____________________tocallyou.representedherclassmatesIrepresentourschool2curiousadj.好奇的，求知的，古怪的

(1)becuriousabout...对……感到好奇

becurioustodosth.极想做某事It'scuriousthat...……很反常，……真奇怪(2)curiositycn.好奇心，求知欲；奇物

from/outofcuriosity出于好奇meet/satisfyone'scuriosity满足某人好奇心withcuriosity＝curiously好奇地Hewasverycuriousaboutthepeoplewholivedupstairs.他对住在楼上的人感到好奇。①Thereporter

whethertheofficialisinvolvedinthecase.这个记者很想知道那位官员是否涉及此案。②

hedidn'ttellyou.

他没有告诉你，实在反常。③Justtosatisfymy

，howmuchdidyoupayforyourcar？我只是出于好奇，请问你买这辆车花了多少钱？iscurioustoknowIt'scuriousthatcuriosity3.Thefirstpersontoarrive

wasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.（Page26）第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，紧随其后的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。thefirst+名词+todo,动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词或代词。(2)the+序数词/最高级/only+n.todoHewasthebestmantodothejob.Youaretheonlyonetogoabroad.Heisthefirstwomantowintheprize.(3)不定式作定语与名词的关系主谓关系：n.+todosththemantocome动宾关系：n.+todo(vt/vi+prep)thebooktoreadthechairtositonthemantoturnto如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。同位关系：n.+todosththeabilitytostudythechancetosurvive—I’dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.—Well,wehaveseveralmodels_____.A.tochoosefromB.tochoose

C.tobechosenSheislookingforaroom___________.她在寻找一间房子住。

Givemeapieceofpaper_____________.给我一张纸写字。

toliveintowriteon4.approach(1)vi&vt.(时间、距离)接近,靠近接近、逼近(某种状态)找人商量，接洽approachsbaboutsth与某人商量...Thefinalexamisapproaching.Don'tapproachthefiercedog.Hisworkapproachesperfection.(2)un.接近，逼近；cn.方法,途径，入口,通路ofsth...的临近theapproachtosth/doing做某事的方法tosp去...道路/入口attheapproachof...快到...的时候1)Thebestapproachtolearningaforeignlanguageisthestudyofthespokenlanguage.

2)Withtheapproachofspring，theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer3)Alltheapproachestotheairportwereblockedbythepolice.4)Thetimeforgraduationisapproaching.毕业的日子即将来临。5.TonyapproachedJulia,touchedhershoulderandkissedheronthecheek!kisssbonthe+部位(cheek/forehead)hitsbintheface/onthenose/headleadsbbythenose/handvt+sb+prep+the+部位MrWangpattedhimonthehead.6.asifindefence似乎在自卫indefence(of)为了保卫...；辩护，拥护Heheldupachairindefenceofhimself.Theydecidedtofight

indefenceof

theircountry.defendvt&vi保护；保卫；为...辩护;拥护defend...from/against保护...以免受Hedefendedmefromadrunkenman.defenceun&cn.防御防守，辩护，防御措施defensiveadj.防御的，保护的preventdefendingdefendusdefendfromdefendagainst[即学即练1](1)Theycouldn't________us__________ourrights.他们不能阻挠我们捍卫我们的权利。

(2)Weneedsomelawyersto____________.

我们需要几个律师为我们辩护。

(3)Weshould______thechild______harm.

我们要保护这孩子不受伤害。

(4)Theirdutyisto______thecountry______itsenemies.

他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人(入侵)。

运用填入一个恰当的词或完成句子。⑴Shehadtodefendherself________theguarddog.⑵Thedutyofasoldieristo____________________(保卫国家).

againstdefendhiscountry7.Iguessedthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding.

【观察思考】1)Thisisamajorroad.2)Waterplaysamajorroleinourlife.3)HermajorisHistory.4)ShemajoredinEnglishatShandongUniversity.【归纳总结】(1)adj.主要的，重要的，大的

playamajorroleinsth在某事中起重要作用(2)cn.主修课程，专业课(3)vi.主修

majorinsth主修（=specializeinsth）

majoronsth专门研究（课题、文体等）(4)majorityn.大多数，大部分(集体名词)themajority作主语谓语单复数都可以Themajorityis/areteenagers.ThemajorityofthestudentsareindifferettoChinese.beinthemajority占大多数jointhe(great)majority=die4）Themajority______infavorofbanningsmoking.A.areB.isC.shouldbeingD.AorB8.Astheywereintroduced,GeorgereachedhishandouttotheJapanesestudent.reachout(tosb/sth)伸出reachfor伸手够...reachvt&vi到达，送达，伸手，感动与人取得联系9.Theybothapologizedanotherculturalmistake!apologizetosbforsth/doingsthmakeanapologytosbforsth/doing10.moveclosetostandclosetogetclosetocomeclosetobeclosetoWhenwemetyesterday,hemovedveryclosetomeasIintroducedmyself.Imovedbackabit,buthecameclosertoaskaquestion.

Hecameclosetobeingkilled.Don'tgettooclosetothebuilding.shakevt&vi摇动，晃动shookshakenshakesb'shand=shakehandswithsbshakeone'sheadShakethemedicinebeforetakingit.11.buthecameclosertoaskaquestionandthenshookmyhand.Theyshookhandsandthenkissedeachothertwiceoneachcheek,...

WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecame

dashing

throughthedoor,sherecognizedTonyGarcia'ssmilingface.12.dash(1)vi.猛冲冲击急奔dashinto+地点冲进某地dashthrough冲过dashacrossdashfor向冲去dashtodosth急奔去做某事

(2)cn.急冲，奔跑，短跑makeadashforsth急冲向...the100-meterdashatadash一口气，急速地thatistheFrenchcustomwhenadultsmeetpeopletheyknow.13.adult(1)cn成人，大人=grown-up(2)adj.成人的，成熟的anadultman/womananadultmovie(3)adulthood成年(期)--adult(s)childhood童年(期)--child(ren)teenage青少年时期--teenager(s)youth青春(期)--youth(s)oldage老年(期)--theagedseniorcitizen(s)oldpeople

Not

all

culturesgreeteachotherthesameway,nor

are

theycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。注意：部分否定部分倒装14.部分否定notall.../all...not..."并非所有的...都..."与not构成部分否定的词还有：both,every,everyone,everywhere,everybody,everything,always,entirely,wholly,altogether。

Noteverystudentpassedtheexam.

Allofuscan'tspeakEnglish.

提示：表示全部否定的词有：none,nobody,neither,never,nothing,nowhere,noone,notatall;not...any...,noteither.15.部分倒装neither/nor表示也不。

Nor/Neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语+动词原形

Shedoesn’tlikedance,nordoeshersister.

她不喜欢跳舞，她姐姐也不喜欢。

归纳拓展：含有否定意义的词置于句首往往引起部分倒装：①否定副词放在句首，如：not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,little,neither,nor等。

Neverbeforehasourcountrybeenasunitedasitistoday.我们国家从没像现在这样团结。Littledoeshecareaboutface.②含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首，如：innoway,bynomeans,innocase,onnoaccount,atnotime等。

InnocasewillIgiveupmydream.Onnoaccountmustyouacceptanymoneyagainstyourconscience.

['kɒnʃ(ə)ns]

你无论如何不能违背自己的良心而得到钱财。③固定句式：neither...nor...,前倒+后倒既不...也不notonly...,butalso前倒+后不倒nosooner...than...,scarcely/hardly...when...,表示，一...就...;刚...就...

[即境活用]Billwasn'thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJohn,and______.

A．IwasneitherB．neitherwasI

C．Iwaseither

D．eitherwasI

(2008·辽宁卷)他一出家门天就开始下雨。Nosoonerhadhelefthomethanitbegantorain.

Hardlyhadhedashedintotheroomwhenthedoorwasclosed

Neitherhashefinishedthework,norhasheinformedmeofit.16.likely/probable/possible

(1)likelyadj.可能的，adv.或许，可能①Sth./Sb.belikelytodo...

②Itislikelythat...可能...

(2)probable

adj可能的有希望的probablyadv.sthisprobableItisprobablethat...有可能

(3)possible

adj.possibly①Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.

②Itispossiblethat...

③sth.ispossible

④asquickly/much/soon...aspossible可能性由大到小：probable>likely>possible[应用](1)Itis_________thatitwillrain,butwithsuchablueskyitdoesn’tseem___________.

(2)Theweatheris______tobefine.

(3)Itis_________forustogetfromBeijingtoTianjininlessthananhour.(4)Snowis__________duringthenight.(5)TheGermanteamis_______todefeattheFrenchteam.(6)Hehasmost__________losthisway.possibleprobablelikelypossibleprobablelikelylikely18.simplyadv.(1)单单，仅仅，只(only)Hestudiedmanylanguagessimplyforfun.

(2)简单地，朴素地，简朴地Eatsimply,dresssimply,andlivesimply.粗茶淡饭，穿着朴素，生活简朴。

(3)simpleadj.简单的，朴素的，纯真的，率直的Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad,butaresimplywaysinwhichcultureshavedeveloped.

这些行为没有什么优劣之分,只是文化发展的方式不同而已。17.not...but...不是...而是...连接并列成分连接并列主语，就近一致。=asageneralrule通常，总之

It'sgenerallybelievedthat...普遍认为……⑴Womenlivelongerthanmeningeneral.⑵Theclassare,ingeneral,verybright.

通常

总的说来Ingeneral,though,studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday'sworldofculturalcrossroads!19.ingeneral通常，总的来说

=generally(speaking)20.though(1)adv.不过，可是，然而通常作插入语放句中或句尾，用“，”分开。

Itwashardwork;Ienjoyedit,though.Thereisnoexcuse,though,forhurtingherfeelings.

(2)conj.虽然，尽管=although

Wewentout,thoughitwasraining.

Thoughtheyarepoor,theybuyagreatmanybooks.21.avoidvt.避免；消除联想拓展avoidsth.避免某事avoidsb.避开某人avoiddoingsth.逃避做某事avoiddifficultiesovercomedifficultiesYoushouldavoidbeinglateforyourclass.你不要误了上课。Itriedtoavoidansweringhim.我设法避免回答他的问题。UsingLanguageShowingOurFeelingsItispossibletoreadothersaroundus,eveniftheydonotintendforustocatchtheirunspokencommunication.1.meansofcommunication交际手段meansoftransportation交通工具2.intendvt意欲，打算intendtodo打算做...intendsbtodo打算使某人做intendthat...(should)do打算beintendedfor为...而设计的beintendedtodo(1)I__________usethefacialexpressiontoshowmysatisfaction.一般人作主语(2)Thefacialexpression_____________showmysatisfaction.一般物作主语(3)Thebook____________teachers.这种书是给老师（设计的）(4)They___________theplanshouldbeputintopracticewithintheyear.他们打算在本年内实行该计划。

intendto

isintendedto

isintendedforintendthatintendedadj.有意的故意的已订婚的intentioncn&un意图byintention故意地Ofcourse,bodylanguagecanbemisread,butmanygesturesandactionsareuniversal.universaltruthuniversalpeaceEnvyisauniversalweakness.universallyadv.普遍地，全球地，全体地theuniverse宇宙，天地万物，全世界，全人类Godisbelievedtohavemadetheuniverse.Theuniversedesirespeace.3.universaladj.普遍的，一般的，到处都有的全世界的，宇宙的万能的Itsfunctionistoshowhappinessandputpeopleatease.4.function(1)cn.作用，功能，职能thefunctionofthenervesthefunctionofeducation(2)vi.起作用，运转functionas起...作用Thismachineisnotfunctioningproperly.Thesofacanfunctionasabed.5.easeun.安逸；舒适vt.减轻(痛苦忧虑),缓和

atease舒适，快活，自由自在

withease轻易地，毫不费力地

feel/lookatease感到/看上去心情放松

put/setsb.atease使某人放松自在/安心

takeone’sease休息，轻松一下Hehandedheracoffeetoputheratease.Thesmileonourteacher'sfacemadeusatease.

easyadj.容易的，轻松的，舒适的ofeaseatease(3)Heislivingalife_________.

他过着舒适的生活。

(4)Ineverfeelcompletely_________withhim.

我跟他在一起总感到不是很自在。

[即学即练](1)Nowhecanputhismind__________becausehehaspassedthetest__________.(2)Thedoctorgavehimsomepainkillers__________thepain.toeaseateasewitheaseItdoesn'talwaysmeanthatweare

trulyhappy,however.6.trulyadv.真实地，真正地，正确地Pleasespeaktruly.That'satrulywonderfulplan.ThisdishcannottrulybedescribedasChinesefood.Trulyyours=Yourstruly7.howeveradv.(1)然而，但是，可是；however可放句首，句中或句尾，逗号分开,只表示转折关系，不能起连词的连接作用。Youhavenottoldusyouropinion.Youcan,however,makeitclearnow.but与however意义相同，但however是较正式的说法。but置于句首，后不加逗号，but为连词，所以可以连接句子，表示转折关系。Thedogwasfierce,buthewasabletodealwithit.(2)however+adj./adv+从句无论多么/如何...引导让步状语从句=nomatterhow+从句

Howeverhotitis,hewillnottakeoffhiscoat.(3)however+从句，无论怎么做Howeveryouuseit,itwon'tbreak.Smilesaroundtheworldcanbefalse,hidingotherfeelingslikeanger,fearorworry.8.falseadj.错误的，假的，人造的，伪造的,不忠诚的afalsestatementfalsetearsafalsefriendfalseteethtrueorfalse9.loseface丢脸saveface有面子

loseheartlosehopeinthefaceof在...面前；面对facetoface面对面befacedwith面对；面临Inmostplacesaroundtheworld,frowningandturningone'sbacktosomeoneshowsanger.10.turnone'sbackto背对，背弃，置之不理turndown拒绝，调低音量

turnup出现，到场，调大音量turnon打开

turnoff关掉turnout(tobe)+adj/n结果证明是turnto转向，求助于，参考，查阅，翻到turnaway转过脸去;拒绝（某人）进入;辞退;turnover翻转，掀翻，翻身即学即练选用上述短语填空。(1)He'salwaysbeenkindtome，soIcan'tjust__________________him，becauseheisillandpoornow.(2)Thebook_________________abighitanditswriterbecamefamousovernight.(3)Hepromisedtoattendtheparty，butIdon'tknowwhyhehasn't_____________yet.(4)Tomwasverydisappointed，becausehisrequest_____________________.(5)Hundredsofpeoplewere_______________fromthetheatre．turnmybacktoturnedout(tobe)turnedupwasturneddownturnedaway...butnoddingtheheadupanddownisusedforagreementalmostworldwide.

...shakingtheheadfromsidetosidemeansdisagreementorrefusal.11.动名词doing作主语，谓语用单数。12.nodone'sheadupanddown上下点头shakeone'sheadfromsidetoside摇头13.refusaln.拒绝refusevt&vi拒绝refusesb/sthrefusetodosthLookingawayfrompeopleoryawningwill,inmostcases,makemeappeartobeuninterested.

14.lookawayfrom

不看,不注视当我和你说话时看着我,不要看别处。Don’tlookawayfrommewhenI’mspeakingtoyou.lookat看;视为lookback回头看;回顾lookdownon/upon轻视,瞧不起lookfor寻找lookforwardto盼望lookinto调查,往里看lookout小心lookon旁观lookover仔细检查lookthrough浏览lookup仰视;查找lookupto尊敬，看得起15.berespectfultosb尊敬某人，对某人有礼貌Beingrespectfultopeople

is

subjective,basedon

eachculture,butingeneralit

isprobablynotagoodideato

giveahugto

abossorteacher.subjectiveadj.主观的；个人的；自觉的subjectcn.主题；科目；主语；研究对象objectiveadj.客观的；目标的；宾格的objectcn.目标；物体；客体；宾语giveahugtosb=givesbahug16.rankn.排；等级；军衔；队列vt.排列；把…分等Inalmosteveryculture,itisnotusuallygoodtostandtooclosetosomeoneofahigherrank.Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother.17.bewrongabout误解，误会=misunderstand1.昨天在大街上行走时,凯特没有和我讲话,我也没有和她讲话。Yesterdaywhilewalkingonthestreet,Katedidn'tspeaktome,nordidI.2.她的性格和我很相似。2.Herpersonalityissimilartomine.3.不是我做错了事,而是她心情不好。3.ItwasnotthatIdidsomethingwrongbutthatshewasinabadmood.4.后来我试图靠近凯特,她却背对着我。4.ItriedtomoveclosetoKatelater,butsheturnedherbacktome.5.

很可能她生我的气了。Itwaslikelythatshewasangrywithme.6.这让我感到很不自在。Thismademefeelnotatease.7.我不在乎,还决定随时保护她。Ididn’tcareanddecidedtodefendheratanytime.1.昨天在大街上行走时,凯特没有和我讲话,我也没有和她讲话。

2.她的性格和我很相似。

3.不是我做错了事,而是她心情不好。4.后来我试图靠近凯特,她却背对着我5.很可能她生我的气了。6.这让我感到很不自在。7.我不在乎,还决定随时保护她。合并:Yesterdaywhilewalkingonthestreet,Katedidn'tspeaktome,

nordidI.Thiswasbecauseherpersonalitywassimilarto

mineanditwas

not

thatIdidsomethingwrongbut

thatshewasinabadmood.ItriedtomoveclosetoKatelater,butsheturnedherbacktome.Itwaslikelythatshewasangrywithmewhichmademefeelnotatease.StillIdidn’tcareanddecidedtodefendheratanytime.一、语法填空

Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Somelinguistssaychildrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflistening1_____theydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.1.引导定语从句修饰前面的listen