2019考研英语五夜十篇现场版10月5日

2019105日现场word1.Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Intheidealized(理想)version（状态）ofhowscienceisdone（科研）Version(2007.2) factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectivewhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheir2.Butintheeveryday（日常）practiceofsciencediscoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.discoveryfrequentlyfollowsroute（process）anambiguousandcomplicated特征theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedby uncertaintyandmisconceptionandlogicalityandessand3.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontext（环境，语境）ofouruniquelifeexperiences.4.Priorknowledgeandinterestsinfluencewhatweexperiencewhatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequent（随之，之后）actionswetake.Priorto在…之AinfluenceB,CandDB=whatweC=whatwethinkourexperiencesmeanD=thesubsequentactionswetake.5.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation（）,error,andself-deceptionabound.Opportunities1.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience科学的原2.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofnewlystakedminingclaims写作：Thestakesinvolvingtheeducationhasbeenthehighest3.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.（IT=totransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery）takes(requires)collectivescrutiny（strictinspection）andacceptance.[A]strictinspectionindividualwisdom4.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,now esthecommunity’sanyone,anywere,anytime.This=totransformadiscoveryclaimintoamature5.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestarting1.Onceadiscoveryclaim espublic,thediscovererreceivesinlectual es2.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhat3.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuit（满足）theirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossibly 4.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitswaythroughthecommunity,theinteractionandbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitswaythroughthetheinteraction(互动)and ）betweenshared（相同的）andcompetin（不同的）beliefs观念）aboutthescienceandthetechnology（相应的，涉及到的transformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothe33.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaim escredibleafterit.[A]hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublicOnceadiscoveryclaim espublic,thediscovererreceivesin lectualcredit.espublic????ThecompanyofWENDU espublic.(上市成功！)hasbeenexaminedbythescientifichasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists1.Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibility2.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingknowledgethatisviewedas pleteorincorrect.3.Littlereward isalreadyknownandbelieved.4.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.之处：newVS5.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengepotentialmodificationorrefutation（）byfuture6.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokes7.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”AlbertAzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat.[A]scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges[B]discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind8.Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtand lingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.9.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedand1.Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.credibility“happens”toadiscoveryThisisaprocessthatcorrespondsto(相一致whatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.2.“Wereasontogetherchallengereviseandcompleteeachother’sreasoning（推理）andeachother’sconceptions（概念）ofreason.”Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetest?[A]NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment[B]CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery[C]Evolution（过程（过程=process）ofCredibility ng[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGateto①Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtoobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheir②Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.③Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelife④Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.⑤Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-decption①Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofas②Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullof③Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamature④Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.这个过程被称之为“取得信用的过程，通过这一过程⑤Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestarting①Onceadiscovery espublic,thediscovererreceivesinlectual“这里的 到底是什么意思？真的需要本文来赋予其含义，还真不能靠我们字面一旦发现的变成“pul”,这个发现者就获得了学术的认可②But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappens③Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersdiscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,the（includingotherscientists）receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossibly Note:adiscoveryclaim espublic=editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic（includingotherscientists）receivesthenewdiscoveryand panyingtechnology.④Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.主干识别：Atransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scredibleA=theinteraction betweensharedandcompetingbeliefsthescienceandthe，②First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingknowledgethatisviewedaspleteorincorrect. 参考译文：研究的目标是新的“寻找”而不是重⑤Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobyfutureresearchers..everybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”奖获得者，生理学家AlbertAzent-Gyorgyi曾经⑧Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandlingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.①Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.最后，一个科学的发现取得了信任。这个过程和哲学家AnnetteBaier②“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”“ohate,tolove,tothink,tofeel,tosee;allthisisnothingbuttoe.”David1.1“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897.威夷人都是天文学家。1.2StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiian1.3Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaii1.4shaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity’sviewofthecosmos.和巨型麦哲伦望远镜（GiantMagellanescope，GMT）和欧洲极大望远镜（EuropeanExtremelyLargeescope，E-ELT）相比，三十米望远镜在尊重环境与原住民上可以说是一丝不苟：1000多页的报告；对山顶精确3D测绘以便项目完成后回归原状；资助原国的确有过并不值得宣扬的行为，但也正是因为以前的黑历史，Sphericalradioescope），简称FAST是我们家的！2.1AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepikothatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.2.2ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerful2.3RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontoescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingMaunaKeaAsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereign都认为这些望远镜的存在是对于的不敬而且还是一个令人痛苦的提醒，提醒人们这个曾经的主权国家现在占领。SomeblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoIntheireagernesstobuildbigger escopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands’inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii’sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassembleallescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.问题，我们是谁，我们从哪里来以及去向哪里。Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethe escope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TMT的选址将最大程度的最小化望远镜在岛屿四周的可见度，并避TolimitthenumberofescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe edonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.MaunaKea山上拥抱其文化遗产，研究星（讲解+史上最强译文科学①TheUS＄3-millionFundamentalPhysicsPriceisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.（这一奖项的本质与奖有着天壤之别，后者只有当一项成果已经经历了彻底的测试和验证才会被认定为是突破性的进展，有时往往与最初的相隔几十年的光景。与9有6人都从事与弦理论有关的研究。投资人：、Whatsup、AirBnB、Snapchat、Spotify等以及阿里巴巴、京东滴滴、小米和美团等②Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofits1.farfromChinaisfarfrombeingaworldeconomy③AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.31.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseenas [A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes[C]anexampleofbankers’investments[D]ahandsomerewardfor④Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe bankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.⑤Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.①What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNews②Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.③Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,say32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit [A]theprofit-orientedscientists[B]thefoundersoftheawards[D]peer-review-ledresearch④Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-led⑤Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewed⑥Theydonotfundpeer-reviewed⑦TheyperpetuatethemythofthelonePerpetuate:使…mythofthelonegenius①Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredastheAseemasscatteredasA和BAareasdiversifiedas②Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhomadetheircareersinhavemadetheircareersinresearch.Hehasmadehiscareerinteaching.①AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowprize—bothnewandold—areLegitimacy（，合理性）地位②TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifescienceinclude.③ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenaureofmodernresearch–aswilldemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.AoutgrowB：