猪群健康管理技术实录()课件

SwineHealthManagementFactsheet

猪群健康管理技术实录

PRRS

猪繁殖呼吸综合症Dr.JimFairles范如杰博士HerdHealthSpecialist动物健康专家ChinaCanadaAnimalHealthInitiative中加动物健康启动项目

DeadpigIntroduction引言iscausedbyavirus

是一种病毒病classifiedasanarterivirusasrecentlyas1991

直到1991年才确定病源为动脉炎病毒科的一种病毒beenfirstrecognizedintheUSAinthemid1980‘sandwascalledMysteryswinediseaseorblueeardisease. 80年代中期在美国首次发现，被称为神秘猪病或蓝耳病EarIntroduction引言Attacksmacrophages(immunedefensecell)anddestroysthem 攻击并破坏巨噬细胞（免疫防御细胞）Upto40%ofthemacrophagesaredestroyed破坏巨噬细胞比例可达40％之多

removesamajorpartofthebodiesdefensemechanismandallowsbacteriaandothervirusestoproliferateanddodamage 机体防御机制的重要功能丧失，使得细菌以及其它病毒得以增殖并导致破坏。Introduction引言E.g.-noticeableincreaseinseverityofenzooticpneumoniaingrower/finisherunitswhentheybecomeinfectedwithPRRSvirus

例如，生长肥育阶段感染PRRS病毒后可明显增加地方性肺炎发病的严重程度increasecanoccurinclinicalcasesofmeningitisinherdsinwhichvirulentStreptococcussuistype2isenzootic

在地方性二型猪链球菌病存在的情况下，PRRS可增加脑膜炎的临床病例Strep/ADV

Epidemiology流行病学Thevirusisspreadbynasalsecretions,saliva,fecesandurine

病毒 通过鼻腔分泌物、唾液、粪和尿传播fieldstudiessuggestitcanbeairborneforupto3km(2miles)

野外研究证明在3公里（2英里）范围内这种病可经由空气转播Acarrierstateexistsinthepigthatcanlastfor2-3months

猪体带毒状态可持续2-3月Artificialinseminationcanbeapotentialmethodofspreadifsemenisusedwhenthevirusispresentintheblood(viremia)

如果血液中存在病毒（毒血症），那么通过人工受精也可能传播病毒Epidemiology流行病学Adultanimalsexcretevirusformuchshorterperiodsoftime(14days)成年家畜排泄病毒的时间短得多（14天）PRRSVmayinfectfetusesfrommidpregnancyonwardsandisexcretedinsalvia,colostrumandmilk.PRRS病毒可感染妊娠中期以后的胎儿童乐园，并且能够通过唾液、乳以及初乳扩散。Maternalantibody–shortduration(5-10days)

母原抗体–持续时间短暂（5至10天）

ClinicalSigns临床症状

AcuteDisease急性Reproductivelossesandadecreasedfarrowingrate分娩率下降，繁殖功能丧失Earlyfarrowings,at105to112days 妊娠105至112天早产Increaseinstillborn,mummifiedandweaklivebornpigs产死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔数增加StillbornEdemaClinicalSigns临床症状

AcuteDisease急性Increasedpre-weaningmortalityoftenassociatedwithincreaseinbacterialinfectionsforexamplescourandgreasypigdisease断奶前死亡率增加，常伴随其它细菌性感染，如：腹泻、油猪病等。Increasednumbersofunthriftypigspostweaning断奶后僵猪数量增多Increasednurserymortalityoftenassociatedwithanincreaseinbacterialinfectionsforexamplepost-weaningscoursandmeningitis

保育阶段死亡率增加，常由于有细菌感染，如：断奶后下痢、脑膜炎等ClinicalSigns临床症状

ChronicDisease–Neonatalpigs慢性–新生仔猪RespiratoryDistress 呼吸困难Unthriftyandfailuretothrive 生长缓慢，僵猪Increasedsecondarybacterialinfections-scourandpneumonia 二次细菌感染增多–下痢、脑膜炎ClinicalSigns临床症状

ChronicDisease–Growingpigs慢性–生长猪Increasedmortality死亡率升高Decreasedappetite食欲减退Fever发烧Roughhaircoat,unthriftypigs 被毛杂乱，生长缓慢Increasedrespiratoryproblems,pneumoniaandatrophicrhinitis 呼吸系统问题，肺炎、萎缩性鼻炎Increasedsecondarybacterialinfectionsforexamplemeningitis,Greasypigdisease 二次细菌性感染增多，例如脑膜炎、油猪病等ClinicalSigns临床症状

DrySows干奶母猪Shortperiodsofinappetencespreadingover7-14days-10-15%ofsowsatanyonetime.

短期的食欲不振，持续7-14天，其间任一时间都有10-15%的母猪表现出症状Thebodytemperaturemaybeelevatedfrom39-40ºC(103-105ºF).体温可升至39～40ºCAbortions,oftenlateterm,mayoccurata1-6%level.Theseareoftenthefirstsignstobenoted. 流产，通常在妊娠后期，流产比例1-6％。这通常是最先表现的症状。Transientdiscolorationoftheearsmaybeseen(2%level.Blueeardisease). 耳部短暂变色（2％。蓝耳病）。ClinicalSigns临床症状

DrySows干奶母猪Somesowsfarrowslightlyearly.10-15%overthefirst4weeks. 轻微早产。感染前4周10-15%母猪表现此症状Increasedreturnsoccur21-35dayspost-service.配种后21-35天的返情率增加。Prolongedanoestrusanddelayedreturnstoheatpost-weaning. 间情期拖长，断奶后延迟发情。Coughingandrespiratorysigns 咳嗽以及其它呼吸系统症状ClinicalSigns临床症状

FarrowingSows分娩母猪Lethargy.精神不振。Respiratorysigns.呼吸系统症状。Mummifiedpiglets.10-15%maydieinthelast3-4weeksofpregnancy.

木乃伊胎。10-15％胎儿死于妊娠最后3-4周。Stillbirthlevelsincreaseupto30%. 产死胎率增至30％。Veryweakpigletsatbirth. 新生仔猪极度虚弱。ClinicalSigns临床症状

Boars公猪Inappetence.食欲不振Increasedbodytemperature.体温升高。Lethargy.精神萎靡。Lossoflibido.性欲减退。Loweredfertility.受精率降低。Poorlittersizes.窝产仔少。Loweredspermoutput.精液产量降低。Increasedmortalityandacrosomaldefects.精子死亡率升高，畸型数目增加。PostMortemDiagnosis尸检Increaseddiagnosisofotherdiseases

可检到很多其它疾病。Nogoodspecificpostmortemsigns

没有特异的尸检症状。RuleOuts/SimilarDisease

排除法/相似疾病Pseudorabies–nervoussigns

伪狂犬病–神经症状PMWS–jaundice

断奶后多系统衰弱综合征–黄疸Manyotherdiseases–APP,Strep,pasteurella,Mycoplasma,SwineInfluenza 其它各种疾病-放线杆菌胸膜肺炎，链球菌感染，支原体病，猪流感等APPTreatment治疗IntheacutediseasewhenPRRSfirstentersthefarmitisimportanttocovertheperiodatrisk,whichisusuallysixtoeightweeks,within-feedantibioticsorbyindividualinjectionsandwatermedication. PRRS首次登陆猪场时会引起急性发病，此后六到八周的时间为高风险期，应采取治疗措施为猪群提供保护。这些措施包括饲喂或个体注射抗生素以及饮水用药。Treatment治疗Thebroadspectrumantibiotics,tetracyclines,trimethoprim/sulpha,orsyntheticpenicillinsarethemedicinesofchoicebutifMycoplasmaaloneisinvolvedtiamulinorlincomycinmaybeused.IfAppisactiveceftiofurcouldbeamedicineofchoiceforindividualtreatments.

应选择广谱抗生素、四环素、甲氧苄氨嘧啶/磺胺，或合成青霉素。不过当只有气喘病伴发时，可用泰妙菌素或林可霉素。如果由APP（放线杆菌胸膜肺炎）发生，可采用头孢噻呋对个体进行治疗。Treatment治疗Inendemicdiseasepreventivemedicationovertheperiodatriskusing500to800goftetracyclineortrimethoprim/sulpha400g/tonnein-feedmaybeusedbutitwouldbeadvisabletoidentifythemajorbacteriainvolvedanddeterminetheirantibioticsensitivities.

在高风险期需针对地方性疾病采取预防性用药措施，可在每吨饲料中添加500至800克四环素或400克甲氧苄胺嘧啶/磺胺。但建议用药前分离确定主要的病源并进行药敏试验。Immunity免疫themajorityofbreedingfemalesbecomeimmuneanddonotsuccumbtofurtherepisodesofinfection

大多数繁殖母猪会产生免疫力，不会再次感染。iftheviruscontinuestocirculateinyoungsowsorgrowingpigstheincomingnegativegiltswillbecomeinfectedatsomestage

如果病毒在小母猪和生长猪当中持续互相传播，则新入群的阴性青年母猪就可能会在某阶段感染发病。majorrecurrenceofdiseaseinbreedingherdsisuncommon. 这种病通常不会在繁殖群中大规模地反复出现。Prevention–negativeherd

预防–阴性猪群PurchasebreedingstockfromherdsbelievedfreeofPRRS.从确信没有PRRS感染的猪群引进种畜。Setupaquarantinesystemtoholdpigsforaminimumofeightweeks. 建立隔离系统，对新进种猪隔离至少八周时间。Aspigsarriveinquarantine,add6ofyourownknownnegativepigsandmixwiththeincomingstock.新猪到达隔离舍后，挑选6头已知为阴性的测试猪与之混养。Afterfiveweeksofdirectcontact,bloodsamplethe6sentinelpigsand6oftheincomingstock. 五周后抽取测试猪和新猪各6头进行采血。

Prevention–negativeherd

预防–阴性猪群Makesuretrucksdonotcomeontoyourfarmwithotherpigsalreadyonboard. 禁止载有其它猪只的车辆进入猪场Providebootsandcoverallsforallvisitors–showerin/showerout为参观者提供靴子和连体服，进出场前必须淋浴更衣。Donotborrowequipmentfromotherpigfarms.勿从其它猪场借用设备。Reviewherdbiosecurity. 不断检查猪群的生物安全状况。Prevention–positiveherds

预防–阳性猪群buyingiltsandboarsfromnegativeherdsandvaccinatetheminisolation

从阴性猪群引进种猪，隔离期间对其进行免疫接种giltsandboarsfromknowninfectedsourcesshouldbepurchasedandacclimatizedforatleastsixweeksbeforemating

如果从已知感染过的猪群引进的种猪，则配种前至少要在本场饲养六周以适应环境AllinAlloutprocedures全进全出饲养SegregatedDiseaseControl

分段隔离疾病控制Removalofpigsatweaning(morethan21daysofage)onaweeklybatchbasistototallyseparatehousingforaperiodof8weeks(SDC).

断奶仔猪转出时（大于21日龄）按每周一批分批进行，不同批的仔猪在相互完全隔离的猪舍里饲养8周（分段隔离疾病控制）。Vaccinationofpigletsatoneand3weeksofageagainstMycoplasmahyopneumoniae.在仔猪1周龄和3周龄时注射肺炎支原体疫苗Removalofallremainingweaners/growers/finishers.

一次转出所有的断奶仔猪/生长猪/肥育猪。SegregatedDiseaseControl

分段隔离疾病控制Adaptationofbuildingstoallinalloutandnodropletcontactbetweenbatches.

在猪舍采用全进全出饲养模式，且杜绝不同批次间通过污染物传播。ReturnoftheSDCpigs. 分段隔离疾病控制猪只的返回。Control/eradicationofdiseaseinthesowherdbyvaccination/medication.

通过免疫接种和用药在母猪群当中控制和根除疾病。Vaccination免疫接种Livevaccinesa