2016年高考真题英语北京卷

实用标准文案2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。Whatdoesthemanwanttoborrow?A.Apencil.B.Aneraser.C.Apen.Whatisthewomandoingnow?A.Eating.B.Goinghome.C.Havinggroupstudy.Whatdoesthemanhaveforearthquakepreparation?A.Acandle.B.Aradio.C.Aflashlight.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inahotel.C.Inastore.Wherewillthemangoforhisholiday?A.Brazil.B.Denmark.C.Greece.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。WhendoesthesupermarketcloseonSundays?A.At5:00pm.B.At7:00pm.C.At8:00pm.Whathavethetwospeakersdecidedtodonow?A.Goshopping.B.Takeawalk.C.Havedinner听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。Whydoesthemanmakethecall?Tomakeabooking.Tomakeasuggestion.Tomakeanappointment.WhenwillthemanreturnfromLondon?A.OnMarch10.B.OnMarch12.C.OnMarch22.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。Whatisthepossiblebetweenthetwospeakers?Headmasterandteacher.Managerandcustomer.Bossandclerk.Onwhichoffollowingdayswillwomanwork?A.Wednesday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.Howoftenwillthewomanhaveon-the-jobtraining?A.Onceaweek.B.Onceamonth.C.Onceayear.文档大全实用标准文案听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?Coursematerials.After-schoolactivities.Changesinthetimetable.Whatwillthefirstclassbetoday?A.English.B.History.C.Art.WhichgroupwillmeetonFriday?Thedebatinggroup.Thehandballgroup.Themusicgroup.第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。CustomerServiceFormRoomNo.16NameGeorge17PhoneNo.61-293-312097EventBookinga（n）18Leaving:1:20pmfromthehoteltotheMQ19Returning:8:00pmwaiting20theMQandthenbacktohotel第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smoreB.That’stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot答案是D。Jackinthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.A.worksB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.wouldworkIlivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarWars.Wehereformorethantwohours.A.waitedB.waitC.wouldbewaitingD.havebeenwaiting24.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.WhereverIhalfoftheEnglishnovel,andI，lltrytofinishitattheweekend.A.readB.havereadC.amreadingD.willreaditeasiertogetintouchwithus,you，dbetterkeepthiscardathand.A.MadeB.MakeC.MakingD.TomakeMygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen, he，sinhisnineties.A.aslongasB.asifC.eventhoughD.incase文档大全实用标准文案28.overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.A.Ordering B.ToorderC.Havingordered D.OrderedThemostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelydust.A.what B.thatC.whether D.whyThestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortssuccessintheend.A.rewarded B.wererewardedC.willreward D.willberewardedIlovetheweekend,becauseIgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.A.needn’t B.mustn’tC.wouldn’t D.shouldn’tNewly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,theoldtownintoadreamland.A.turn B.turningC.toturnD.turnedIreallyenjoylisteningtomusicithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.A.becauseB.beforeC.unlessD.untilWhydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyoume,Icouldhavehelped.A.toldB.hadtoldC.weretotellD.wouldtellIamnotafraidoftomorrow,IhaveseenyesterdayandIlovetoday.A.soB.andC.forD.but第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNorthAlaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch36aSickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious（传染的）diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe37ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.38,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown's39wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn'tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn'ttravelonthe40roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn'texistyet.41January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twemtymorewere42.Nome'stownofficialscameupwitha（n）43.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby44fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogeled（狗拉雪橇）drivers—knownas文档大全实用标准文案“mushers”—would45ittoNomeinarelay（接力）.TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon'sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto47afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost48partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould49,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsonwblockedhis50.Hehadtoleavethetrail（雪橇痕迹）togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto51thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog,Baltoputhisnosetotheground,52tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto53.HehadfoungthetrailAt5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdog54inNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecoverd.Nomehadbeen55.A.examinedB.warnedC.interviewedD.curedA.harmlessB.helplessC.fearlessD.carelessA.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.HoweverA.airportB.stationC.harborD.borderA.narrowB.snowyC.busyD.dirtyA.FromB.OnC.ByD.AfterA.tiredB.upsetC.paleD.sickA.planB.excuseC.messageD.topicA.airB.railC.seaD.roadA.carryB.returnC.mailD.giveA.ThoughB.SinceC.WhenD.If47.A.enterB.moveC.visitD.cross48.A.shamefulB.boringC.dangerousD.foolish49.A.escapeB.bleedC.swimD.dieA.memoryB.exitC.wayD.destinationA.findB.fixC.passD.changeA.pretendingB.tryingC.askingD.learningA.runB.leaveC.biteD.playA.gatheredB.stayedC.campedD.arrivedA.controlledB.savedC.foundedD.developed第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。A文档大全实用标准文案DearAlfred,Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150at17,I’manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADIID（注意力缺陷多动障碍）.Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlinecomputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I’mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinself-writtennotesfromyourvideo.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors.Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI'mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou'resavingmylife.Yours,Taniswhydid'tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?ShehadlearnedenoughaboutcomputerscienceShehadmoredifficultykeepingfoucesedShepreferredtakingonlinecoursesShewastooslowtolearnASfortheworkingenvironment,Tainsprefers.A.workingbyherselfdealingwiththepubliccompetingagainstothersstayingwithADHDstudentsTaniswrotethisletterinorderto.explainwhyshewasinterestedinthecomputersharetheideasshehadforherprofessionC.showhowgratefulshewastothecenterD.describethecoursesshehadtakensofarBSurvivingHurricaneSandy（飓风桑迪）NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafew文档大全实用标准文案blocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars（仓1J痕）ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”59.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesherneighborhoodwasdestroyedherschoolhadmovedtoBrooklyntheelderlywerefreefromsufferingAccordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildThepeopletrappedinhigh_risebuildingThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosuevivorsLocalteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeopleHowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?ShegavehertoystothekidsShetookcareofyoungerchildrenShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpShebuiltaninformationsharingplatformWhatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference文档大全实用标准文案B.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWest,homeisbestD.TechnologyispowerCCaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwindlengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning（铅中毒）nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freedcondorsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney肾）failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout'steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors'averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”Californiacondorsattractresearchers'interestbecausethey.A.areactiveatnightB.hadtobebredinthewildC.arefoundoninCaliforniaD.almostdiedoutinthe1980s64.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare.A.blockingcondors'journeyhomebigkillersofCaliforbniacondorasC.restplacesforcondorsatnightD.usedtokeepcondorsaway65.AccordingtoParaghaph5,leadpoisoning.A.makescondorstoonervoustoflyhaslittleeffectoncondors'kidneyscanhardlybegottenridofformcondors’bloodmakesitdifferentforcondorstoproducebabybirds文档大全实用标准文案Thepassageshowsthat.theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactoryRideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringtheeffortstoprotectcondorsbavebroughtgoodresultsresearchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblemDWhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy（自主性）andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbotheintellectually（在思维方面）andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity（群体）differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined（规定）andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving文档大全实用标准文案C.Supportive D.NeutralTheunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means.A.change B.choiceC.text D.extensionAccordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?todevelopasharedidentityamongstudentstodefineandregulatestudents’socialbehaviorToprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudentsTofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopmentWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分。共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimesWedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.71Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.72AsthequalityofRisk-takingwaspassedfromonrationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetoneKilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.73Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourWillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.74Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.Meantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisersyourtoleranceforriskaswell.75Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we'llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.Italldependsonyourcharacter.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.文档大全实用标准文案第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1.该人物是谁；.该人物的主要贡献；.该人物对你的影响。注意：.词数不少于50；.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Your