第三版新视野读写2第6单元课件教学提纲

2Unit6Lessismore?第一页，共53页。SituationOne:Yourfamilyplantotravelabroadthissummer,andyouaretheonewhomakesthefinaldecisiontopickOnlyOnecountrytovisit.Thereareafewcountriestochoose:U.S.A.,Canada,U.K,Grace,Iceland,Switzerland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Russia,Singapore,Australia,andNewZealand.Youshouldmakethedecisionwithinacoupleofminutesduethelimitedtime.SituationTwo:Ifyougotoseeadoctor,andhetellsyouaboutdifferenttreatments,like“ChoiceAisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceBisXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceCisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…Doyouthinkyoucanmakethechoiceimmediatelythatyouwillneverregret?第二页，共53页。Dr.BarrySchwartz第三页，共53页。1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycan’tbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.第四页，共53页。6UNITSectionA

2ObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLessismore?Doorcloser,areyou?第五页，共53页。DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictablyIrrational(可预见(yùjiàn)的非理性):TheHiddenForcesThatShapeOurDecisions.Inthebookhechallengesreaders’assumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”DanAriely?第六页，共53页。XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿(jùlù)之战)againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).XiangYu&BattleofJulu第七页，共53页。IntroductiontoTransitionalparagraphBody:Dr.Ariely’sconclusionthebyDr.ArielyParas.1-3Paras.4Paras.5-9Paras.10-12Paras.13-14XiangYu’sstoryexperimentsuggestions第八页，共53页。PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity

aboutXiangYu.PartI—(Paras.1-3)第九页，共53页。rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争(jìngzhēng)的，对抗的n.

aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争(jìngzhēng)对手v.tobeasgood,impressive,etc.assb/sthelse与…相匹敌；比得上

第十页，共53页。imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwithanempire帝国的；皇帝的2.connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的Collocations:imperialarmy帝国军队imperialpolicies帝国政策(zhèngcè)imperialpower皇权第十一页，共53页。motivatev.1.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort激励；激发;

驱使;推动…甘愿(gānyuàn)苦干；2.[oftenpassive]

tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway成为…的动机；是…的原因Whatmotivatedhertoleavehome?Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.第十二页，共53页。Translation这个计划旨在促使员工(yuángōng)更加卓有成效地工作。Theplanis(designed)tomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.第十三页，共53页。convictionn.1.astrongopinionorbelief坚定的看法（或信念）2.thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsthstronglyandofbeingsureaboutit深信；坚信；坚定；肯定convictionthat…3.

theactoffindingsbguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty判罪(pànzuì)；定罪；证明有罪convictionforsth第十四页，共53页。She'sawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehadafirmconvictionthatshewasalwaysright.Shehassixpreviousconvictionsfortheft.第十五页，共53页。validate

v.(formal)1.toprovethatsthistrue证实；确认；确证(quèzhènɡ)2.tomakesthlegallyvalid使生效；使有法律效力3.tostateofficiallythatsthisusefulandofanacceptablestandard批准；确认…有效；认可Collocations:tovalidateatheory证实理论tovalidateacontract使合同生效第十六页，共53页。conquestn.1.[sing.,

U]

theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,city,etc.byforce征服；占领2.[C]

anareaoflandtakenbyforce占领（或征服）的地区3.[C]

(usuallyhumorous)

apersonthatsbhaspersuadedtolovethemortohavesexwiththem（爱情方面）被俘虏的人

4.[U]

theactofgainingcontroloversththatisdifficultordangerous（对困难、危险(wēixiǎn)等的）控制第十七页，共53页。Collocations:theconquestofdisease战胜(zhànshèng)疾病theconquestofnature对自然的征服theconquestofspace对宇宙的征服Thestatementlaidbarehisambitionforworldconquest.第十八页，共53页。Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.XiangYuorderedhistroops'cookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.

XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.IntroductiontoXiangYu’sstoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity(Para.1)(Para.2)

(Para.3)第十九页，共53页。PartIIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothemodernstoryofthestudentsatMIT.PartII—(Para.4)第二十页，共53页。enlighteningadj.tendingtoincreaseknowledgeordissipateignorance有启迪(qǐdí)的；使人感悟的enlightenv.(formal)

rmationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter启发(qǐfā)；开导；阐明

Phrase:enlightensbabout〔on〕sth使(某人)领悟(lǐnɡwù)〔明白〕(某事)第二十一页，共53页。Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?请给我解释一下你将来(jiānglái)的计划好吗?Translation第二十二页，共53页。behavioral(behavioural)adj.relatingtothebehaviorofapersonoranimal,ortothestudyoftheirbehavior

行为(xíngwéi)的；行为(xíngwéi)研究的emotionalandbehavioralproblems第二十三页，共53页。profitv(formal)

togetsthusefulfromasituation;tobeusefultosborgivethemanadvantage获益；得到好处(hǎochu)；对…有用（或有益）

~by/fromsth/v.ing得益于TranslationShewillneverbeaprofessionalmusician,butI'msurethatshehasprofitedfromhermusiclessons.她永远不会成为(chéngwéi)一名职业音乐家,然而我敢肯定她从音乐课中学到很多东西。第二十四页，共53页。n.themoneythatyoumakeinbusinessorbysellingthings,especiallyafterpayingthecostsinvolved利润；收益(shōuyì)；赢利Thereisverylittleprofitinsellingnewspapersatpresent.

第二十五页，共53页。ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthat:Transitionalparagraph(Para.4)studentscouldn’tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.第二十六页，共53页。PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthepurposeandsignificanceoftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudentslosingmoney.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents’irrationalbehavior.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon’tseethefuturevanishingawayPartIII—(Paras.5-9)第二十七页，共53页。preservev.1.tokeepaparticularquality,feature,etc.;tomakesurethatsthiskept保护；维护；保留2.topreventsth,especiallyfood,fromdecayingbytreatingitinaparticularway贮存；保鲜(bǎoxiān)

3.[oftenpassive]

tokeepsthinitsoriginalstateingoodcondition维持…的原状；保存；保养4.tokeepsb/sthalive,orsafefromharmordanger使继续存活；保护；保全第二十八页，共53页。fluctuatev.（大小(dàxiǎo)、数量、质量等）波动；（在…之间）起伏不定

tochangefrequentlyinsize,amount,quality,etc.,especiallyfromoneextremetoanother~betweenAandBMymoodseemstofluctuatefromdaytoday.第二十九页，共53页。protestv.1.tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenyouhavebeenaccusedofsthorwhenotherpeopledonotbelieveyou坚决地表示；申辩

～+that-clause2.tosayordosthtoshowthatyoudisagreewithordisapproveofsth,especiallypublicly（公开(gōngkāi)）反对；抗议

~about/against/atsthTranslationLocalfarmersprotestedagainstbuildingthenewairportontheirfarmland.当地农民抗议(kàngyì)在他们农田上新修飞机场。第三十页，共53页。cling(clung,clung)v.1.toholdontightlytosb/sth抓紧(zhuājǐn)；紧握；紧抱~on/tosb/sth2.tosticktosth粘住；附着

~tosthHeappearsdeterminedtoclingtopower.第三十一页，共53页。What’stheexperimentabout?(Para.5)TipsTheexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcuseweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.第三十二页，共53页。What’stheruleandthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Therulewasthemoremoneyyouearned,thebetterplayeryouare;2.Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.Tips第三十三页，共53页。Howdidstudentslosemoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.Tips第三十四页，共53页。Whyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledon’treallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle.Tips第三十五页，共53页。PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducingunnecessaryoptions.第三十六页，共53页。restorev.1.tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore恢复（某种情况或感受）2.torepairabuilding,workofart,pieceoffurniture,etc.sothatitlooksasgoodasitdidoriginally修复；整修；使复原

3.tobringalaw,tradition,wayofworking,etc.backintouse重新采用（或实施）；恢复

4.

(formal)togivesththatwaslostorstolenbacktosb

归还(guīhuán)（失物、赃款等）restoreto…恢复到…

第三十七页，共53页。Theoperationrestoredhissight

.Somepeoplearguethatthedeathpenaltyshouldberestored.Collocations:

restoretolife苏醒过来restorecalm恢复平静restoresb'seyesight恢复某人的视力(shìlì)

restorebuilding修复建筑物第三十八页，共53页。implementv.tomakesththathasbeenofficiallydecidedstarttohappenorbeused使生效；贯彻；执行(zhíxíng)；实施

synonym:carryouttoimplementchanges/decisions/policies/reformsn.

atooloraninstrument,oftenonethatisquitesimpleandthatisusedoutdoors工具；器具；（常指）简单的户外用具agriculturalimplements第三十九页，共53页。delegatev.1.togivepartofyourwork,powerorauthoritytosbinalowerpositionthanyou授（权）；把（工作、权力等）委托(wěituō)（给下级）~sthtosb2.[usuallypassive]tochoosesbtodosth选派（某人做某事）

TranslationHeplanstodelegatemoreauthoritytohisdeputies.他打算把更多的权力交给(jiāoɡěi)副手。第四十页，共53页。discardv.

togetridofsththatyounolongerwantornee丢弃(diūqì)；抛弃I'm

going

to

discard

those

magazines

if

you've

finished

reading

them.Translation如果你看完了，我就把那些(nàxiē)杂志扔了。第四十一页，共53页。outwardadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.connectedwiththewaypeopleorthingsseemtoberatherthanwithwhatisactuallytrue表面的；外表(wàibiǎo)的2.awayfromthecentreoraparticularpoint朝外面的；向外的

Collocations:outwardmovement向外的运动(yùndòng)outwardinvestment对外投资outwardcalm外表的平静第四十二页，共53页。prejudicen.[U,

C]anunreasonabledislikeoforpreferenceforaperson,group,custom,etc.,especiallywhenitisbasedontheirrace,religion,sex,etc.偏见,成见,歧视(qíshì)

~(againstsb/sth)v.toinfluencesbsothattheyhaveanunfairorunreasonableopinionaboutsb/sth使怀有（或形成）偏见

Theprosecutionlawyershavebeentryingtoprejudicethejuryagainsther.第四十三页，共53页。Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10)Tipsprohibitoverbooking,Peopleshould:reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.第四十四页，共53页。WhatdoesDr.Arielyurgetodoaftertheexperient?(Paras.11)TipsResignfromcommitteesPruneholidaycardlistsRethinkhobbiesRememberthelessonsofdoorcloser第四十五页，共53页。PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartVconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionifmoreisbetterthanless

.第四十六页，共53页。Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcarefullychosenoptions.第四十七页，共53页。1下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？2项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了敌方的领地。他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。3他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措(jǔcuò)。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。第四十八页，共53页。4丹•阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似非理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进行了引人入胜的调查。大多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门课的学生也不例外。在调查作决策的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择