实验拓扑、终端服务器配置17

第十七章帧中继上的OSPF本章提要1.帧中继上OSPF的知识要点2.帧中继上NBMA模式的

OSPF3.帧中继上BMA模式的

OSPF4.帧中继上点到点模式的OSPF5.帧中继上点到多点模式的OSPF知识要点帧中继上OSPF概述帧中继是典型的NBMA（NonBroadcastMultipleAccess）网络，其拓扑结构通常有两种：FullMesh(全互联)和Hub-and-Spoke（中心－分支）。在不同的网络类型（NBMA模式、广播模式、点到点模式和点到多点模式）下，OSPF有不同的特征。实验1帧中继环境下NBMA模式实验目的（1）帧中继静态映射及broadcast参数的含义（2）NBMA模式下的DR选举（3）手工配置OSPF邻居（4）NBMA模式下OSPF的配置和调试实验拓扑实验设计1.通过在路由器R1、R3和R4上运行OSPF路由协议实现IP的连通性。2.帧中继为Hub-and-Spoke结构，路由器R1为Hub端，映射为静态映射。3.由于Hello包只能传一跳，所以确保路由器R1是DR。4.在Hub端手工指定邻居。实验步骤（1）配置路由器R1：R1(config)#interfaceLoopback0R1(config-if)#ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-pointR1(config-if)#interfaceSerial0/0/0R1(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3103broadcast//帧中继静态映射R1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4104broadcastR1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1103//确保可以PING通自己R1(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arp//关闭帧中继动态ARP解析R1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-id1.1.1.1R1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#neighbor134.1.1.3//手工指OSPF邻居R1(config-router)#neighbor134.1.1.4实验步骤（2）配置路由器R3：R3(config)#interfaceLoopback0R3(config-if)#ipaddress3.3.3.3255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-pointR3(config-if)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R3(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.3255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR3(config-if)#ipospfpriority0//配置spoke端OSPF接口优先级为0R3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1301broadcastR3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4301broadcastR3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3301R3(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config)#routerospf1R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3R3(config-router)#network3.3.3.00.0.0.255area0R3(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0实验步骤（3）配置路由器R4：R4(config)#interfaceLoopback0R4(config-if)#ipaddress4.4.4.4255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-pointR4(config-if)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R4(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.4255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR4(config-if)#ipospfpriority0R4(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1401broadcastR4(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3401broadcastR4(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4401R4(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR4(config-if)#noshutdownR4(config)#routerospf1R4(config-router)#router-id4.4.4.4R4(config-router)#network4.4.4.00.0.0.255area0R4(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0技术要点（1）在帧中继网络上，OSPF接口缺省的网络类型为NON_BROADCAST。在这种模式下，OSPF不在帧中继接口上发送Hello包，因此无法建立最基本的邻接关系。可以手工使用“neighbor”命令来指定邻居，这时Hello包以单播形式传送；（2）NBMA属于多路访问网络，所以要进行DR选举。由于Hello包只能传1跳，所以在Hub-and-Spoke结构中，必须控制处于“Hub”端的路由器为DR,最保险的办法就是将“Spoke”端接口优先级配置为0，使之不参与DR选举，“Hub”端的路由器自然就成为DR。否则，可能会导致路由学习不正常。实验调试（1）R1#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress134.1.1.1/24,Area0ProcessID1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypeNON_BROADCAST,Cost:64//接口网络类型为NBMA模式TransmitDelayis1sec,StateDR,Priority1

//自己是DR,接口优先级为1DesignatedRouter(ID)1.1.1.1,Interfaceaddress134.1.1.1//DR的ID和接口地址

Nobackupdesignatedrouteronthisnetwork//没有BDRTimerintervalsconfigured,Hello30,Dead120,Wait120,Retransmit5//NBMA模式下，Hello周期为30秒......NeighborCountis2,Adjacentneighborcountis2Adjacentwithneighbor3.3.3.3Adjacentwithneighbor4.4.4.4//与路由器R3和R4形成邻接关系Suppresshellofor0neighbor(s)实验调试（2）R3#showiprouteospf1.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsO1.1.1.0[110/65]via134.1.1.1,00:01:47,Serial0/0/04.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsO4.4.4.0[110/65]via134.1.1.4,00:01:47,Serial0/0/0从以上输出表明，到达网络“4.4.4.0/24”的路由条目的下一跳地址为“134.1.1.4”，而不是“134.1.1.1”，所以，在R3的s0/0/1的接口上必须有到134.1.1.4的映射“frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4301broadcast”。实验2帧中继环境下BMA模式实验目的（1）帧中继静态映射及broadcast参数的含义（2）BMA模式下的DR选举（3）BMA模式下OSPF的配置和调试实验拓扑实验设计1.通过在路由器R1、R3和R4上运行OSPF路由协议实现IP的连通性。2.帧中继为Hub-and-Spoke结构，路由器R1为Hub端，映射为静态映射。3.由于Hello包只能传一跳，所以确保路由器R1是DR。实验步骤（1）配置路由器R1：R1(config)#interfaceLoopback0R1(config-if)#ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-pointR1(config-if)#interfaceSerial0/0/0R1(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3103broadcastR1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4104broadcastR1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1103R1(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR1(config-if)#ipospfnetworkbroadcastR1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-id1.1.1.1R1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0实验步骤（2）配置路由器R3：R3(config)#interfaceLoopback0R3(config-if)#ipaddress3.3.3.3255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-pointR3(config-if)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R3(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.3255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR3(config-if)#ipospfpriority0R3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1301broadcastR3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4301broadcastR3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3301R3(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR3(config-if)#ipospfnetworkbroadcast//配置网络类型R3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config)#routerospf1R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3R3(config-router)#network3.3.3.00.0.0.255area0R3(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0实验步骤（3）配置路由器R4：R4(config)#interfaceLoopback0R4(config-if)#ipaddress4.4.4.4255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-pointR4(config-if)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R4(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.4255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR4(config-if)#ipospfpriority0R4(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1401broadcastR4(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3401broadcastR4(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4401R4(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR4(config-if)#ipospfnetworkbroadcastR4(config-if)#noshutdownR4(config)#routerospf1R4(config-router)#router-id4.4.4.4R4(config-router)#network4.4.4.00.0.0.255area0R4(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0技术要点（1）在Hub-and-Spoke结构中，BMA也要控制DR选举，确保处于“Hub”端的路由器为DR，实施方法和实验1一样，将Spoke端的接口优先级配置为0；（2）BMA模式下，邻居关系自动通过Hello包建立和维持。实验调试（1）R1#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress134.1.1.1/24,Area0ProcessID1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:64//网络类型为BROADCASTTransmitDelayis1sec,StateDR,Priority1DesignatedRouter(ID)1.1.1.1,Interfaceaddress134.1.1.1NobackupdesignatedrouteronthisnetworkTimerintervalsconfigured,Hello10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmit5//BMA模式下，Hello周期为10秒......NeighborCountis2,Adjacentneighborcountis2Adjacentwithneighbor3.3.3.3Adjacentwithneighbor4.4.4.4Suppresshellofor0neighbor(s)实验调试（2）R4#showiprouteospf1.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsO1.1.1.0[110/65]via134.1.1.1,00:03:19,Serial0/0/13.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsO3.3.3.0[110/65]via134.1.1.3,00:03:19,Serial0/0/1从以上输出表明，到达网络“3.3.3.3.0/24”的路由条目的下一跳地址为“134.1.1.3”，而不是“134.1.1.1”，所以，在R4的s0/0/1的接口上必须有到134.1.1.3的映射“frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3401broadcast”。实验3帧中继环境下点到点模式实验目的（1）帧中继子接口下静态映射（2）点到点模式的特征（3）点到点模式下OSPF的配置和调试实验拓扑实验设计1.通过在路由器R1、R3和R4上运行OSPF路由协议实现IP的连通性。2.帧中继启用点到点子接口。3.为R1和R3之间以及R1和R4之间分配不同的网络。实验步骤（1）配置路由器R1：R1(config)#interfaceLoopback0R1(config-if)#ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-pointR1(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/0R1(config-if)#noipaddressR1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/0.1point-to-pointR1(config-subif)#ipaddress13.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci103R1(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/0.2point-to-pointR1(config-subif)#ipaddress14.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci104R1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-id1.1.1.1R1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#network13.1.1.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#network14.1.1.00.0.0.255area0实验步骤（2）配置路由器R3：R3(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R3(config-if)#noipaddressR3(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR3(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/1.1point-to-pointR3(config-subif)#ipaddress13.1.1.3255.255.255.0R3(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci301R3(config)#routerospf1R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3R3(config-router)#network3.3.3.00.0.0.255area0R3(config-router)#network13.1.1.00.0.0.255area0实验步骤（3）配置路由器R4：R4(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R4(config-if)#noipaddressR4(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR4(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR4(config-if)#noshutdownR4(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/1.1point-to-pointR4(config-subif)#ipaddress14.1.1.4255.255.255.0R4(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci401R4(config)#routerospf1R4(config-router)#router-id4.4.4.4R4(config-router)#network4.4.4.00.0.0.255area0R4(config-router)#network14.1.1.00.0.0.255area0技术要点（1）点到点模式的DR和BDR是“0.0.0.0”；（2）点到点模式下，每个子接口需要配置不同的网络；（3）点到点模式下，Hello周期为10秒。

实验调试（1）R1#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0.1Serial0/0/0.1isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress13.1.1.1/24,Area0ProcessID1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost:64TransmitDelayis1sec,StatePOINT_TO_POINT,Timerintervalsconfigured,Hello10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmit5//POINT_TO_POINT模式下，Hello周期为10秒......NeighborCountis1,Adjacentneighborcountis1Adjacentwithneighbor3.3.3.3Suppresshellofor0neighbor(s)实验调试（2）R1#showipospfneighbordetailNeighbor4.4.4.4,interfaceaddress14.1.1.4Inthearea0viainterfaceSerial0/0/0.2Neighborpriorityis0,StateisFULL,6statechangesDRis0.0.0.0BDRis0.0.0.0......Neighbor3.3.3.3,interfaceaddress13.1.1.3Inthearea0viainterfaceSerial0/0/0.1Neighborpriorityis0,StateisFULL,6statechangesDRis0.0.0.0BDRis0.0.0.0......实验4帧中继环境下点到多点模式实验目的（1）帧中继子接口下静态映射（2）点到多点模式的特征（3）点到多点模式下OSPF的配置和调试实验拓扑实验设计1.通过在路由器R1、R3和R4上运行OSPF路由协议实现IP的连通性。2.帧中继在路由器R1上启用多点子接口，路由器R3和R4使用物理接口。3.路由器R1、R3和R4之间位于相同的网络。实验步骤（1）配置路由器R1：R1(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/0R1(config-if)#noipaddressR1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/0.1multipointR1(config-subif)#ipaddress134.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-subif)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-multipointR1(config-subif)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.3103broadcastR1(config-subif)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.4104broadcastR1(config-subif)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-id1.1.1.1R1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0实验步骤（2）配置路由器R3：R3(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R3(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.3255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR3(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-multipointR3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1301broadcastR3(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config)#routerospf1R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3R3(config-router)#network3.3.3.00.0.0.255area0R3(config-router)#network134.1.1.00.0.0.255area0实验步骤（3）配置路由器R4：R4(config)#interfaceSerial0/0/1R4(config-if)#ipaddress134.1.1.4255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR4(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-multipointR4(config-if)#frame-relaymapip134.1.1.1401broadcastR4(config-if)#noframe-relayinverse-arpR4(config-if)#noshutdownR4(config)#routerospf1R4(config-router)#router-id4.4.4.4R4(config-router)#network4.4.4.00.0.0.255area0R4(c