创意是艺术思考是训练提昇英语教学创意思考Creativity

創意是藝術思考是訓練：提昇英語教學創意思考CreativityisArtandThinkingisTraining:PromotingCreativeThinkinginEnglishTeaching

張玉玲國立高雄師範大學英語系t1225@.twCreativity1.Creativityisageneralintellectualtraitthatwillaffectaperson’sperformance.2.Creativityisart.3.CreativityhelpindividualdevelopmentWhat?Creativity

is

art

andmoreElimination(e.g.,Electronic-books=>E-books),Substitution(e.g.,astoryofSnowBlack(shoulditbeSnowWhite?)

Combination(e.g.,walk+man=>walkman),Creativity

is

art

andmorePowerofCreativity

http://gifted..tw/1.敏覺力2.流暢力3.變通力4.獨創力：「反應的獨特性」5.精進力

(陳龍安，民77)。TraitsOfACreativePerson

http://gifted..tw/喜歡冒險性的工作對於困惑的情境好發問喜嘗試困難的工作常完全投入於工作中好奇、追根究底堅定、不退縮富於感性喜假設、猜測獨立判斷、思考富直覺、頓悟能力自信、自動幽默、富於幻想可忍受混亂不明的情境不從眾、好自由勇於表達Example1Intheworldofcompetitivebusiness(theredocean),somebusinessmenrecentlyproposedastrategythatnotonlymakesthecompetitionirrelevantbutcreatesanewproductornewpolicytoruntheirbusinessbasedoncreativity.(/link/latest/images/20050701/1384.pdf),

BlueOceanBusinessExample2ASong-title-story--ChristmaseveTodaywhenIwalked

out,myfriendaskedmewhatdaywastoday.IansweredtonightwasChristmaseve.Shesaid"B-I-N-G-O,andwecangototheparty.Thereisahottimeintheoldtowntonight.

Boomboom,ain'titgreattobecrazy?"Certainly,wewentoutforthepartytogether.BlueOceaninEnglishInstructionBlueOceanofEnglishTeachingExample3ChattingwithcomputerpalswithMSNVideoConferencingwithISDNorIPSendinge-cardsUploadingfilestotheInternetBlueOceanStrategyofNetworksBlueOceanofCommunicationCreativityisnotaprocessCreativityisanon-objectiveproductcommittedbysocialassessments(Yu,2006).Howtopresentavaried,valuablecreativityinasocietyisworthconsideration.ImpactsofEducationCurriculuminGrade1-9Teachers’andstudents’creativityisrespectedandpromoted.

However,somepeoplearguethatthereisnowaytoteachcreativityintheEnglishcurriculumbecausecreativityiscreative.

RationalesonCreativityA.CreativityisaWayofCognitiveThinkingB.CreativityisanEnvironmentalProductC.TeachingCreativeThinkinginEnglishTeachingisnecessary.A.CreativityisaWayofCognitiveThinkingElimination(e.g.,Electronic-books=>E-books),2.substitution(e.g.,astoryofSnowBlack(shoulditbeSnowWhite?)3.combination(e.g.,walk+man=>walkman),peoplecancreatesomeideas,changetheirlifestyle,havefunorevenhaveasenseofachievement.CreativityandProblem-solvingCreativitycouldfacilitatesensingproblems,especiallyfindingvaluableproblems(TardifandSternberg,1988).

2.Peoplecoulddevelopcreativitybyfinding,identifyingandclarifyingproblems(Brophy,1998).Therefore,.....

FourComponentsof

DivergentThinking1.Originalityofthinking,

2.Flexibilityofmind,3.Fluencyofmind,4.Elaborationofmind.Guilford(1950)

SixComponentsfor

EvaluatingCreativityOriginalityFlexibility,Elaboration,Fluency,OpennessEntitling.William(1980)

Divergent&ConvergentThinkingS1:Johnishandsome

S2:Johnismature.S3.Maryishandsome.S4:Johnisripe.

Creativityis

anEnvironmentalProduct(a)theindividualdimension,(b)themicro-dimension,(c)themacro-dimension(Urban,1990)

writingsomeinformationorresponsesinventingMP3orevenMP4thinkingabouttheblueoceanstrategyFourComponentsofInteractionAperson’scapacityforcreativity,

Characteristicsofacreativity-fosteringenvironment,(c)Thecreativeprocess(d)Theinteractionamongtheabovethreecomponents.DevelopingcreativethinkinginEnglishClassesStudentsreadalotinordertopreparesomelanguageinputforlanguageoutput.(Hung,洪蘭,2006).2.Studentscanbemoreinvolvedinthecreativeprocessthroughcooperativelearning,suchascreativedramaactivities(McCaslin,1980)orreadertheateractivities(Walker,2005).TeachingCreativeThinkinginEnglishTeachingA.EncouragingOriginality

B.HighlightingFlexibility

C.SpeedingUpFluencyD.ReinforcingElaborationTeachingCreativeThinkinginEnglishTeachingTeacherscannotoverstatetheoriginalityoftheEnglishteachingmethod(indivergentthinking)atthecostoftheotherteachingmethodssincenosingleteachingmethodisperfectforeverystudent(inconvergentthinking).HighlightingFlexibilityCcreativitycanbedevelopedbyeightmethods(Hao.郝廣才2006):1.

combination(apencil+aneraser=>apencilwithaneraser)2.

separation(avideorecorder/player=>avideoplayer)3.

transformation(ablackfan=>acolorfulfan)4.

association(aschoolbag=>ane-pad)5.

reversion(abadbug=>agoodbug,suchasanantforgoldminingdetection)6.

questioning(why=>how)7.

imagination(visualinput=>visualintake)8.passion

(creatingsomethingforsomelovers)TrainingCreativeThinkinginE.Classes1.

combination(e.g.,readertheater)2.

separation

(e.g.,teachingvocabularywithaudio-visualaidsorclozes)3.

transformation(e.g.,teachingwritingbysketching)association

(e.g.,thoughtmappinginvocabularyinstruction)AVarietyofBookFormsA8-GridBook(2)AnUnfoldingBook(3)ATriangleBook

Sample2:AThoughtMaponDepressionSample3:AThoughtMaponDisease

TrainingCreativeThinkinginE.Classes4.AssociationSample4Themostselfishone-letterword...."I".Avoidit.Themostimpracticaltwo-letterword...."IF".Stopit.Themostdisinterestedthree-letterword...."LAW".Obeyit.

Sample5Themostsatisfyingone-letterword…“M”.Soundit.Themostprecioustwo-letterword……“LV”.Purchaseit.Themostsleeplessthree-letterword……“IOU”.Burnit.TrainingCreativeThinkinginE.Classes4.Association1.Reversestorylinesinthepresentintothepasttenseorthefuturetense.2.Spellwordsbackwardstomakenewwords,suchaston=>not,ortop=>pot.

TrainingCreativeThinkinginE.Classes

5.ReversionAdaptationChangingsomethehobbiesoftheintervieweeandtheresponsesoftheinterviewer.TrainingCreativeThinkinginE.Classes6.AdaptationModifyingone’sregularwrittenassignmentorreportsandthencomposetheirwritingportfolios.TrainingCreativeThinkinginE.Classes

7.ModificationTalkaboutthegiftstheyarepreparingfortheirfamilyorfriendsonChristmasWritingsomeblessingsinEnglishintheirChristmascards.TrainingCreativeThinkinginE.Classes

8.PassionSpeedingUpFluency

1.Cooperativelearningintegratessocialskillobjectiveswithacademiccontentobjectivesineducation(Presseisen,1992)2.Inecology,studentscangetsomesocio-culturalstimulifromtheirpartners’cooperativeworkandthushavemorecreativethinking.ReinforcingElaboration1.Studentsneedtobetrainedt