2013英语专业四级真题及答案详解(最新版本)

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2013)—GRADEFOUR—TIMELIMIT:130MINPART1DICTATION15MINListentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes:Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbereadatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsof15seconds.Thelastreadingwillbereadatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.PART2LITENINGCOMPREHENSION20MINSECTIONACONVERSATIONSInthissection,youwillhearseveralconversations.Listentotheconversationscarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversationyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.1.Accordingtotheconversation,anexampleof“Christmastrimmings”couldbeA.presents.2.AChristmaslunchwouldincludeallthefollowingEXCECTA.roastturkeyB.sweetpotatoesC.meatD.carrots3.WhydidHelencometoRob’shouse?B.fruitsC.sauceD.meatA.ShewantedtotalktoBob.B.ShehadcometohelpBob.C.Shehadbeeninvitedtolunch.D.Shewasinterestedincooking.Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversationyouwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.4.Whydidthewomanphonetheclub?A.Shewantedtoknowmoreaboutit.B.Shewasanewcomerandfeltlonely.C.Shewantedtolearnanewlanguage.D.Shewasinterestedinsocialactivities.5.WelearnfromtheconversationthattheclubA.mainlyorganizelanguageactivities.C.hasbeensetupforalongtime.B.acceptsmembersfromlocalstudents.D.isincreasingitsmembership.6.Accordingtotheconversation,thewomanmightcometopracticeGermanonA.Wednesday.B.Tuesday.C.Monday.D.Friday.7.Whatisthemangoingtodoaftertheconversation?A.Callupthewomanforheraddress.C.Mailthewomansomeinformation.B.Waitforthewomantocallhimagain.D.Waitforthewomantopickupaform.Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversationyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.8.Accordingtothewoman,whatactuallymakesherjobdifficult?A.Difficultquestionsfrominterviewees.B.Embarrassingrequestsfrominterviewees.C.Lackofprofessionalbackground.D.Lackofinterviewingskills.9.ThewomanusesallthefollowingadjectiveswhentalkingaboutattendingjobfairsEXCEPTA.prospective.B.useful.C.important.D.tiring.10.WelearnfromtheconversationthatthewomanA.worksbetteratjobfairs.C.oftenworksonherown.SECTIONBPASSAGESB.prefershonestpeople.D.isexperiencedinherwork.Inthissection,youwillhearseveralpassages.Listentothepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.11.Accordingtotoday’sweatherforecast,whichpartofEuropehasdryweather?A.Scandinavianmountain.C.NorthernEurope.B.NorthwesternEurope.D.SouthernEurope.12.InwhichpartofEuropedoestheweatherstaybothfineandcool?A.SouthernEurope.B.NorthernEurope.C.EasternEurope.D.NorthwesternEurope.13.Inwhichregionwilltheweatherchangetomorrow?A.NorthernpartsoftheMediterranean.C.CentralpartsoftheMediterranean.B.EasternpartsoftheMediterranean.D.SouthernpartsoftheMediterranean.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.14.Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitcantechnologybringtopeople?A.Closercontactwithmoderndevices.B.Greaterchangesinsocialorganization.C.Betterunderstandingofmassmedia.D.Moreusefulinformationtobettertheirlife.15.Thespeakerquestionsabouteverybody’saccesstotechnologicaladvances.ThemainreasonisA.illiteracy.B.poverty.C.foodshortage.D.ignorance.16.AccordingtotheUNplan,allthefollowingwillbeachievedwithintenyearsEXCEPTA.givingeveryonearadioorTV.B.startingtocarryouttheschemeintenyears.C.offeringinternetservicetomorepeople.D.providingmorejobopportunities.17.Whatcouldbetopicofthepassage?A.Growthintelecommunications.B.Technologyandthedevelopingworld.D.Buildinganinformationsociety.C.Educationandmedicalcare.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.18.PeopleinLatinAmericawearsomething______toexpresstheirhopesforwealthintheNewYear.A.newB.redC.whiteD.yellow19.WhichofthefollowingNewYear’straditionssignalsfriendship?A.Throwingolddishes.B.Wearingsomethingred.D.Eatingroundfruits.C.Wearingsomethingwhite.20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasone’sownNewYear’stradition?A.WatchingTVathome.C.Visitingfriends.B.Goingtobedearly.D.Runningandshoutingoutside.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissection,youwillhearseveralnewsitems.Listentothepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions21to22arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.21.WhatishappeningtotheschoolsinFairfaxCountythisschoolyear?A.15schoolshavestartedsocialstudies.B.15schoolshaveuseddigitaltextbooks.C.Studentsarereadytouseelectronicresources.D.Digitaltextbooksareusedforsocialstudies.22.Withdigitaltextbooks,schoolshavesavedabout______milliondollars.A.1B.2C.3D.4Questions23to24arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.23.Whofoundthesuspiciousitemattheairport?A.TSAagents.B.FBIagents.C.Thepolice.D.Passengers.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?A.Theterminalwasclosedtemporarilyafterwards.B.Therewasathoroughsearchinsidetheairport.C.Passengersattheairportweresafeandsound.D.Thesecurityauthoritiesidentifiedtheexplosives.Questions25to26arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.25.Accordingtothenewsitem,doctorsusearttherapytotreatthefollowingproblemsEXCEPTA.alcoholabuse.B.smoking.C.depression.D.schizophrenia.26.Whydiddoctorsintroducearttherapyinthefirstplace?A.Topreventpatientsfromsmoking.B.Tobetterunderstandpatients.C.Togetpatientsoccupied.D.Toteachpatientssomeskills.Questions27to28arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.27.Whatisthemainpurposeofthenewrules?A.Toreducethenumberofpilotsonduty.B.Topreventpilotsfromworkingovertime.C.Toensureanadequateamountofsleep.D.Tofixtheamountofworkforeachpilot.28.TheIndependentPilotsAssociationwasunhappyaboutthenewrulesbecausetheyA.hadonlycoveredcargoplanepilots.B.hadfailedtocoverallthepilots.C.wouldbeputintoeffectintwoyears.D.wouldbetoocostlyifimplemented.Questions29to30arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.29.Whyisincreaseinlivestockproductionnecessary?A.Becauselivestockproductionishighlyefficient.B.Becausemorepeoplewillbecomewealthier.C.Becauseitmayhelpdoublefoodproduction.D.Becauseithasfewerecologicalrisks.30.Whatdoestheword“challenge”meaninthenewsitem?A.Balancebetweenhumansurvivalandecology.B.Conflictbetweenlesslandandmoreproduction.C.Differencebetweenpresentandfutureneeds.D.Callsbyenvironmentalcriticstoconsumelessmeat.PART3CLOZE15MINDecidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthebestchoiceforeachblankonAnswerSheetTwo.Everyoneknowsthattaxationisnecessaryinamodernstate:withoutit,it(31)_____notbepossibletopaythesoldiersandpolicemenwhoprotectus;(32)_____theworkersingovernmentofficeswho(33)_____ourhealth,ourfood,ourwater,andalltheotherthingsthatwecannotdoforourselves.(34)_____taxation,wepayforthingsthatweneedjust(35)_____weneedsomewheretoliveandsomethingtoeat.But(36)_____everyoneknowsthattaxationisnecessary,differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabout(37)____taxationshouldbearranged.Inmostcountries,adirecttaxon(38)_____,whichiscalledincometax,(39)_____.Itisarrangedinsuch(40)______thatthepoorestpeoplepaynothing,andthepercentageoftaxgrows(41)____asthetaxpayer'sincomegrows.Insomecountries,forexample,thetaxontherichestpeople(42)______ashighasninety-fivepercent!(43)_____countrieswithtaxationnearly(44)_____haveindirecttaxationtoo.Manythingsimportedintothecountryhavetopaytaxesor“duties.”Ofcourse,itisthemenandwomenwhobuytheseimportedthingsintheshops(45)______reallyhavetopaytheduties,inthe(46)______ofhigherprices.Insomecountries,(47)_____,thereisataxonthingssoldintheshops.Ifthemostnecessarythingsaretaxed,alotofmoneyis(48)____butthepoorpeoplesuffermost.Ifunnecessarythings(49)___jewelsandfurcoatsaretaxed,lessmoneyisobtainedbutthetaxis(50)______astherichpayit.Probablythislastkindofindirecttax,togetherwithadirecttaxonincomeswhichislowforthepoorandhighfortherich,isthebestarrangement.PART4GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY15MINTherearethirtysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheetTwo.51.Facingtheboardofdirectors,hedidn‟tdeny________breakingtheagreement.A.himB.itC.hisD.its52.Xinchunreturnedfromaboardadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n)______.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialD.complement.53.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词)?______.A.Nonsmoker.B.Deadline.C.Meanness.D.Misfit.54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?______.A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o’clock?B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddon'tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.55.Thefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeusedwithbothpluralanduncountablenounsEXCEPT______.A.moreB.enough.C.many.D.such.56.WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatesCONTRAST?______.A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.B.VictorialikesmusicandSamisfondofsports.C.Thinkitoveragainandyou‟llgetananswer.D.Heissomewhatarrogant,andIdon'tlikethis.57.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeusedasanominalsubstitute(名词替代词)?______.A.Much.B.Neither.C.One.D.Quarter.58.AllthefollowingsentencesdefinitelyindicatefuturetimeEXCEPT______.A.MotheristohaveteawithAuntBettyatfour.B.ThePresidentiscomingtotheUNnextweek.C.Theschoolpupilswillbehomebynow.D.Heisgoingtoemailmethenecessaryinformation.59.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?______.A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.60.Whichofinthefollowingphrasesindicatesasubject-predicaterelationship?______.A.ThearrivalofthetouristsB.ThelawofNewtonC.TheoccupationoftheislandD.TheplaysofOscarWilde61.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?______.A.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.C.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanimperativesentence?______.A.Letmedriveyouhome,shallI?B.Youwillmindyourownbusiness!C.Comeandhavedinnerwithus.D.Iwishyoucouldstaybehind.‘63.Ifit______tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.A.weretorainB.wastorainC.wasrainingD.hadrained64.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafact?______.A.Maryandhersonmustbehomebynow.B.Carelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.C.It‟sgettinglate,andImustleavenow.D.Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.65.Thefollowingarealldynamicverbs(动态动词)EXCEPT______.A.remain.B.turn.C.write.D.knock.66.____toschoollifewaslessdifficultthanthepupilhadexpected.A.AdheringB.AdoptingC.AdjustingD.Acquainting67.Heisfedupwiththesameolddrearyroutine,andwantstoquithisjob.Theunderlinedpartmeans_________.A.dullB.boringC.longD.hard68.Atlastnight‟spartyLarrysaidsomethingthatIthoughwasbeyondme.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.IwasunabletodoC.IwasunabletostopB.Icouldn’tunderstandD.Icouldn’ttolerate69.Thecouple______theiroldhouseandsolditforavastprofit.A.didforB.didinC.didwithD.didup70.Sallycontributedalottotheproject,butsheneveronceacceptedallthe____forherself.A.creditB.attentionC.focusD.award71.Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwithhismother‟spromise.Theunderlinedpartmeans_________.A.asfarasonehaslearntB.asfarasoneisconcernedC.asfarasonecanseeD.asfarasoneistold72.The________thatsportbuildscharacteriswellacceptedbypeoplenowadays.A.issueB.argumentC.pointD.sentence73.EveryoneintheofficeknowsthatMelindatakesinfinitecareoverherwork.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.limitedB.unnecessaryC.overdueD.much74.Thenewmeasurewillreducethechanceofseriousinjuryintheeventofanaccident.Theunderlinedpartmeans_________.A.ifanaccidenthappensB.ifanaccidentcanbepreventedC.beforeanaccidentD.duringanaccident75.Traditionally,localmidwiveswould________allthebabiesinthearea.A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help76.Nofoodordrinkisallowedonthepremises.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.propositionB.advertisementC.buildingD.street77.Thecourtwouldnotaccepthisappealunless________evidenceisprovided.A.conclusiveB.definiteC.eventualD.concluding78.Assoonasheopenedthedoor,a________ofcoldairsweptthroughthehouse.A.flowB.movementC.rushD.blast79.Shereallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually________fromit.A.preventedB.refrainedC.limitedD.restricted80.Thecoupletoldthedecoratorthattheywantedtheirbedroomgailypainted.Theunderlinedpartmeans_________.A.brightlyB.light-heartedlyC.cheerfullyD.lightlyPARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION25MINInthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheetTwo.TEXTATheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication-butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople'shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.（流行病）announced,theideaof“swineflu”manypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna'sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.It'snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.Ifyou‟retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士气的讲话）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe'rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.81.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause______.A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness.C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication.D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext.82.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?_____A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers'speeches.D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.83.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT______.A.toconvincepeopleinadebate.B.toinformpeopleatapresentation.C.toadvisepeopleatwork.D.toentertainpeopleatawedding.84.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor'sviewon______“greatspeakingability”?A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.85.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?______.A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.TEXTBEverybusinessneedstwothings,saysSkullcandyCEORickAlden:inspirationanddesperation.In2001,Aldenhadboth.He'dsoldtwosnowboardingbusinesses,andhewasdesperatelybored.Buthehadanidea:Hewantedtomakeanewkindofheadphone.“Ikeptseeingpeoplemissingtheircellphonecallsbecausetheywerelisteningtomusic,”heexplains.ThenI'minachairlift,I'vegotmyheadphoneson,andIrealizemyphoneisringing.As1takemyglovesoffandreachformyphone,Ithink,“Itcan'tbethattoughtomakeheadphoneswithtwoplugs,oneformusicandoneforyourcellphone.”Aldendescribedwhathewantedtoadesigner,perfectedaprototype,andoutsourced（外包）manufacturingoverseas.Aldenthenstarteddesigningheadphonesintohelmets,backpacks-anywherethatwouldmakeiteasytolistentomusicwhilesnowboarding.“Sellingintoboardandskateshopswasn'tabigresearcheffort,”heexplains.“ThoseweretheonlyguysIknew!”Aldendidn‟twanttobeamanufacturer.Andbyoutsourcing,he'dhopedhecouldgetthebusinessoffthegroundwithoutdebt.Buthewaswrong.Soheaskedhiswife,“CanIputa（抵押贷款）onthehouse?Shesaid,„Whatistheworstthingthatcanhappen?Welosethehouse,wesellourcars,andwestartalloveragain.‟Idefinitelymarriedtherightwoman!”Forthenexttwoyears,Aldenjuggledmortgagepaymentsandpaymentstohismanufacturers.“Factorieswon'tshipyourproducttilltheygetpaid,”hesays.“Butittakesfourorfivemonthstogetamortgagecompanysoupsetthattheyknockonyourdoor.Sowepaidthefactoryfirst.”Gradually,non-snowboardersbegantonoticethecolorfulheadphones.In2006,thecompanystartedsellingthemin1,400FYE(ForYourEntertainment)stores.“WeknewthatnineoutoftenpeoplewalkingintothatstorewouldbelearningaboutSkullcandyforthefirsttime.Whywouldtheylookatbrandstheyknewandtakehomeanewbrandinstead?Wehadagreedtobuybackanythingwedidn’tsell,butweweredealingwithhugenumbers.It’dkillustotakebackalltheproductsAlden‟sfearsfadedasSkullcandybecametheNo.1headphonesellerinthosestoresandtripleditsrevenueto$120millioninoneyear.Hiskeyinsightwasthatheadphonesweren’tgadgets;theywereafashionaccessory.“Inthebeginning,”hesays,“thatlittlewhitewirethatsaidyouhadaniPod---thatwascool.Butnowwearingthewhitebudmeansyou’rejustlikeeveryoneelse.Headphonesoccupythiscriticalpieceofcranialrealestateandarehighlyvisible.”Today,SkullcandyisAmerica'ssecond-largestheadphonesupplier,afterSony.With79employees,thecompanyisbiggerthanAldeneverimagined.86.Aldencameupwiththeideaofanewkindofheadphonebecausehe______.A.wasnolongerinsnowboardingbusiness.B.hadnootherbusinessopportunities.C.wasveryfondofmodernmusic.D.sawaninconvenienceamongmobileusers.87.Thenewheadphonewasoriginallydesignedfor______.A.snowboarders.B.motorcyclists.C.mountainhikers.D.marathonrunners.88.DidAldensolvethemoneyproblem?______.A.Hesoldhishouseandhiscars.B.Factoriescouldshipproductsbeforebeingpaid.C.Heborrowedmoneyfromamortgagecompany.D.Heborrowedmoneyfromhiswife'sfamily.89.WhatdidAldendotopromotesalesinFYEstores?______.A.Hespentmoremoneyonproductadvertising.B.Hepromisedtobuybackproductsnotsold.C.Heagreedtosellproductsatadiscount.D.Heimprovedthecolourdesignoftheproduct.90.Aldenseesheadphonesas______.A.asignofself-confidence.B.asymbolofstatus.C.partoffashion.D.akindofdevice.TEXTCIwasstandinginmykitchenwonderingwhattohaveforlunchwhenmyfriendTajcalled.“Sitdown,”shesaid.Ithoughtshewasgoingtotellmeshehadjustgottenthehaircutfromhell.Ilaughedandsaid,“Itcan'tbethatbad.”Butitwas.Beforethephonecall,Ihad30yearsofretirementsavingina“safe”fundwithabrilliantfinancialguru（金融大亨）.WhenIputdownthephone,mysavingsweregone.IfeltasifIhaddiedand,forsomeunknownreason,wasstillbreathing.SinceBernieMadoff‟sarrestonchargesofrunninga$65millionPonzischeme,I'vereadmanyarticlesabouthowweinvestorsshouldhaveknownwhatwasgoingon.IwishIcouldsayIhadreservationsaboutMadoffbefore“theCall”,butIdidnot.OnNewYear'sEve,threeweeksafterwelostoursavings,sixofusMadoffpeoplegatheredatTaj'shousefordinner.Asweweresittingaroundthetable,someoneasked,“Ifyoucouldhaveyourmoneybackrightnow,butitwouldmeangivingupwhatyouhavelearnedbylosingit,wouldyoutakethemoneyorwouldyoutakewhatlosingthemoneyhasgivenyou?”Myhusbandwasstillinfinancialshock.Hesaid,“Ijustwantthemoneyback.”Iwasn'tcertainwhereIstood.Iknewthatlosingourmoneyhadcrackedmewideopen.I’dbeenwalkingaroundlikewhattheBuddhistscallahungryghost:alwaysfocusedonthebitethatwasyettocome,nottheoneinmymouth.NomatterhowmuchIateorhadorexperienced,itdidn’tsatisfyme,becauseIwasn’treallytakingitin,wasn'tabsorbingit.NowIwasforcedtopayattention.Still,Icouldn'thonestlysaythatifsomeonehadofferedmethemoneyback,Iwouldturnitdown.Buttheotherfourallsaidthatwhattheywereseeingaboutthemselveswasincalculable,andtheydidn’tthinkitwouldhavebecomeapparentwithoutthegroundoffinancialstabilitybeingrippedoutfromunderneaththem.MyfriendMichaelsaid,I’dstartedtogetcomplacent.It’sasifthemusclesofmyheartstartedtoatrophy（萎缩）.Nowthey‟reawake,alive—andIdon‟twanttogoback.”Theseweren’tjustemptywords.Michaelandhiswifeneededtotakeinboarderstomeettheirexpenses.Tajwassobrokethatshewasmovingintosomeone’sgarageapartmentinthreeweeks.Threefriendshaddeclaredbankruptcyandweren'tsurewhereorhowtheyweregoingtolive.91.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromTaj‟scall?A.hadgotanawfulhaircut.B.Theyhadlosttheirretirementsavings.C.Tajhadjustretiredfromwork.D.Theyweregoingtomeetforlunch.92.Howdidtheauthorfeelinthefollowingweeks?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Indifferent.D.Desperate.93.Accordingtothepassage,towhichwasshe“forcedtopayattention”?A.Herfriends.B.Herhusband.C.Herlostsavings.D.Herexperience.94.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutherfriends?A.Herfriendsvaluedtheirexperiencemore.B.Herfriendsfeltthesameasshedid.C.Herfriendswereinabetterfinancialsituation.DHerfriendsweremoreoptimisticthanshe.95.Whatisthemessageofthepassage?A.Desireformoneyishumannature.B.Onehastobedecisiveduringcrises.C.Understandinggainedismoreimportantthanmoneylost.D.Itisnaturaltoseevariedresponsestofinancialcrises.TEXTDInthe19thcentury,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviourbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It'smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you'reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you‟llprobablydoso,too.The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peo