经济学原理曼昆课后答案chapter7

经济学原理曼昆课后答案chapter7

ProblemsandApplicationsIfanearlyfreezeinCaliforniasoursthelemoncrop,thesupplycurveforlemonsshiftstotheleft,asshowninFigure7-5.TheresultisariseinthepriceoflemonsandadeclineinconsumersurplusfromA+B+CtojustA.SoconsumersurplusdeclinesbytheamountB+C.QuantityofLemonsFigure7-5Inthemarketforlemonade,thehighercostoflemonsreducesthesupplyoflemonade,asshowninFigure7-6.TheresultisariseinthepriceoflemonadeandadeclineinconsumersurplusfromD+E+FtojustD,alossofE+F.Notethataneventthataffectsconsumersurplusinonemarketoftenhaseffectsonconsumersurplusinothermarkets.<DemandQuantityofLemonadei.先ploPBUQLUa"!joaoIJdJOOQ匸dP2巳Figure7-62.AriseinthedemandforFrenchbreadleadstoanincreaseinproducersurplusinthemarketforFrenchbread,asshowninFigure7-7.Theshiftofthedemandcurveleadstoanincreasedprice,whichincreasesproducersurplusfromareaAtoareaA+B+C.QiQsQuantityofFrenchBreadFigure7-7TheincreasedquantityofFrenchbreadbeingsoldincreasesthedemandforflour,asshowninFigure7-8.Asaresult,thepriceofflourrises,increasingproducersurplusfromareaDtoD+E+F.Notethataneventthataffectsproducersurplusinonemarketleadstoeffectsonproducersurplusinrelatedmarkets.pe會8IPLImlJ:40Figure7-8sdemandscheduleis:PriceQuantityDemandedMorethan$70$5to$71$3to$52$1to$33$1orless4sdemandcurveisshowninFigure7-9.1234QuantityofWaterP2P1SupplyQuantityofFlourrteBrteBb.c.4.a.Figure7-9Whenthepriceofabottleofwateris$4,Bertbuystwobottlesofwater.HisconsumersurplusisshownasareaAinthefigure.Hevalueshisfirstbottleofwaterat$7,butpaysonly$4forit,sohasconsumersurplusof$3.Hevalueshissecondbottleofwaterat$5,butpaysonly$4forit,sohasconsumersurplusof$1.ThusBert'stotalconsumersurplusis$3+$1=$4,whichistheareaofAinthefigure.Whenthepriceofabottleofwaterfallsfrom$4to$2,Bertbuysthreebottlesofwater,anincreaseofone.HisconsumersurplusconsistsofbothareasAandBinthefigure,anincreaseintheamountofareaB.Hegetsconsumersurplusof$5fromthefirstbottle($7valueminus$2price),$3fromthesecondbottle($5valueminus$2price),and$1fromthethirdbottle($3valueminus$2price),foratotalconsumersurplusof$9.Thusconsumersurplusrisesby$5(whichisthesizeofareaB)whenthepriceofabottleofwaterfallsfrom$4to$2.Ernie'ssupplyscheduleforwateris:PriceQuantitySuppliedMorethan$74$5to$73$3to$52$1to$31Lessthan$10ErniessupplycurveisshowninFigure7-10.$7-6-------------5?B4-------------3-rA2-1-----------1234QuantityofWaterFigure7-10Whenthepriceofabottleofwateris$4,Erniesellstwobottlesofwater.HisproducersurplusisshownasareaAinthefigure.Hereceives$4forhisfirstbottleofwater,butitcostsonly$1toproduce,soErniehasproducersurplusof$3.Healsoreceives$4forhissecondbottleofwater,whichcosts$3toproduce,sohehasproducersurplusof$1.ThusErnie'stotalproducersurplusis$3+$1=$4,whichistheareaofAinthefigure.Whenthepriceofabottleofwaterrisesfrom$4to$6,Erniesellsthreebottlesofwater,anincreaseofone.HisproducersurplusconsistsofbothareasAandBinthefigure,anincreasebytheamountofareaB.Hegetsproducersurplusof$5fromthefirstbottle($6priceminus$1cost),$3fromthesecondbottle($6priceminus$3cost),and$1fromthethirdbottle($6priceminus$5price),foratotalproducersurplusof$9.Thusproducersurplusrisesby$5(whichisthesizeofareaB)whenthepriceofabottleofwaterrisesfrom$4to$6.FromErnie'ssupplyscheduleandBert'sdemandschedule,thequantitydemandedandsuppliedare:Onlyapriceof$4bringssupplyanddemandintoequilibrium,withanequilibriumquantityof2.Atapriceof$4,consumersurplusis$4andproducersurplusis$4,asshowninproblems3and4.Totalsurplusis$4+$4=$8.IfErnieproducedonefewerbottle,hisproducersurpluswoulddeclineto$3,asshowninproblem4.IfBertconsumedonefewerbottle,hisconsumersurpluswoulddeclineto$3,asshowninproblem3.Sototalsurpluswoulddeclineto$3+$3=$6.IfErnieproducedoneadditionalbottleofwater,hiscostwouldbe$5,butthepriceisonly$4,sohis