项目管理-class10进度控制scheduling constrol

ProjectManagementinCivilProjectTime-ProjectControlFANWU1StepsintheprojectcontrolEffectsofactualscheduleperformanceontheprojectHowIncorporateprojectchangesintotheCalculateanupdatedprojectControltheprojectProjectControlThekeytoeffectiveprojectcontrolismeasuringactualprogressandcomparingittoplannedprogressonatimelyandregularbaseandtakingcorrectiveactionimmedia ytogettheprojectbackontrack.Keeptrackofwhatactivitieshavebeenstartedand/orcompleted,whentheywerestartedand/orcompleted,andhowmuchmoneyhasbeenspentorcommitted.ProjectControlProcess(schedule,budget)(schedule,budget)StartDuringDuringeachreport(scope,schedule,budget)

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IdentifyIdentifycorrectiveactionsandProjectControlProcessAregularreportingperiodshouldDataonactualInformationonanychangesinscope,schedule,andbudgetKeepinDatashouldbecollectedintimeandbeusedforupdatingthescheduleandbudgetUpdatedscheduleandbudgethavetobecomparedand yzedwiththebaselineProjectControlProcessProjectmanagementneedsaproactiveapproachtocontrolaproject,toensurethattheprojectobjectiveisachievedevenwhenactivitiesdon’tfollowtheoriginalplan.Thewholeprocessendstherequirementshavebeenprojectobjectivehas andthecustomerissatisfiedEffectsofActualScheduleActualprogress—whetherfasterorslowerthanplanned—willhaveaneffectonthescheduleoftheremaining, activitiesoftheproject.Actualfinishtimes(AFs)ofthecompletedactivitieswilldeterminetheearlieststartandearliestfinishtimesoftheremainingactivitiesaswellasthetotalslackinthenetworkdiagram.EffectsofActualSchedulePerformance1-7Putup2-53-3AF=AF=7-1

Requiredcompletion=20Earliestfinish=15days,totalslack=Putup2-53-3Requiredcompletion=20Earliestfinish=18days,totalslack=2IncorporateProjectChangesintotheChangesrepresentrevisionstotheoriginalprojectscopeandwillhaveanimpactonthescheduleandcost.Thedegreeofimpactmaydependonwhenthechangesarerequested.Whenthecustomerrequestachange,impactontheprojectshouldbeestimated.IncorporateProjectChangesintotheChangesAdditionalactivitiesthatwereoverlookedintheoriginalplan. enecessarybecauseofunanticipatedcircumstance.Thoseresultingfromaddingmoredetailstothenetworkdiagram.Anytypesofchangewillrequireamodificationoftheplanintermsofscope,budget,and/orschedule.AndanewbaselineplanwillbeUpdatetheProject

Network-basedplanningandschedulingallowsthechangeofprojectschedulesbeOncedatahasbeencollectedforactualfinishtimeofcompletedactivitiesandforanyeffectscausedbyprojectchanges,anupdatedprojectschedulecanbecalculated:TheESandEFfortheremainingactivitiesarecalculatedbyforwardprocess,buttheyarebasedontheactualfinishtimesofcompletedactivitiesplusestimateddurationsofthepletedUpdatingtheProjectScheduleTheLSandLFtimeofthe activitiesarecalculatedbybackwardprocessofthenetwork.

ApproachestoScheduleSchedulecontrolinvolvesfour yzethescheduletodeterminewhichpartmayneedadjustactionDecidewhatspecificadjustactionsshouldbetakenRevisetheplantoincorporatethecorrectiveRecalculatetheschedulebyevaluatingtheeffectsofthecorrectiveplannedactionsIftheplannedcorrectiveactionsdonoresultinacceptableschedule,thesestepsneedtobeApproachestoScheduleControlThroughoutaproject,eachtimeascheduleisrecalculated,itisnecessaryto yzethenewlycalculatedscheduletodeterminewhetheritneedsfurtheradjustment.Anextraefforttoaccelerateprojectprogressmustbeappliedtothepathswherenegativeslackhappens.Anestimateddurationchangeforanyactivityonthepathwillcauseacorrespondingslackchangeofthatpath.ApproachestoScheduleControl yzingapathwithnegativeslack,twokindsofactivitiesonthepathhastobefocusedon:ActivitiesthatarenearActivitiesthathavelongduration

ApproachestoScheduleControlSeveralapproachestoreducingtheestimatedactivityduration:ToapplymoreresourcestospeedupanToassign withgreaterexpertiseorexperiencetoperformorhelpwiththeToreducethescopeorrequirementforanToincreaseproductivitywithimprovedmethodsorOncespecificcorrectiveactionstoreducethenegativeslackhavebeendecided,theestimateddurationfortheappropriateactivitiesmustberevised.

ApproachestoScheduleControlInmostcases,eliminatingnegativeslackbyreducingactivitydurationswillinvolveatrade-offsuchasanincreaseincostsorareductioninscope.Somecontractsmayinvolveabonus/penaltyThekeytoeffectiveschedulecontrolistoadjustanypathswithnegativeordeterioratingslackvaluesaggressivelyassoonastheyareidentified,ratherthanho thingswillimprovebyIfaprojectisaheadofschedule,aconcentratedeffortshouldbemadetokeepitaheadofschedule.

ScheduleControlforInformationSystemsDevelopmentChangesduringISdevelopmentChangesoftheChangesofchangesofonlineChangesofdatabaseChangesofsoftwareprocessingChangesofprocessingChangesofstorageChangesofbusinessChangesofsoftwareresultingfromhardwareupgradesorviceversa.NetworkDurationCompression(历时压缩即

赶工与快

–Takingactiontodecreasethetotalprojectdurationafter yzinganumberofalternativestodeterminehowtogetthe umdurationcompressionfortheleastcost.采取措施缩短活动历时，cost-timetrade-投 的资FastCompressingtheprojectschedulebyoverlapactivitiesthatwouldnormallybedoneinsequence,suchasdesignand Time-CostNormaltimeandcrashtime正常工期、应Normaltimeistheestimatedlengthoftimerequiredtoperformtheactivityundernormalconditions,accordingtotheplan.Crashtimeistheshortestestimatedlengthoftimeinwhichtheactivitycanbecompleted.NormalcostandCrashcost正常成本和应Normalcostistheestimatedcosttocompletetheactivityinthenormaltime.Crashcostistheestimatedcosttocomplete

activityinthecrash AssumptionsforTime-Cost每项活动有正常工期（NormalTime)、应急工期(CrashTime)和正常成本(NormalCost)和应急成本(CrashCost)缩短全部活动的工期是没有必要举N=10,N=10,$40,000C=9,$45,000AN=7,$50,000C=5,BN=9,C=6,DN=8,C=6,Theobjectiveofthetime-costtrade-offistodeterminetheshortestprojectcompletiontimebasedoncrashingthoseactivitiesthatresultinthesmallestincreaseintota