VoiceofCourage+勇气之声译文

wordword可编辑UnitTwo:HistoryandPersonalityTextAVoiceofCourageByJonathanAlter一勇气之声〔美国〕乔纳森•奥尔特AfewdaysafterFranklinDelanoRooseveltwasswornintooffice,hesatintheWhiteHouseworkingonaradiospeechaboutthecountry'sbankingcrisis,scheduledfordeliveryonSunday,March12,1933.ItwasthedepthsoftheDepression,withaquarterofAmericansoutofwork,homelessanddestitute.Glancingoutthewindow,FDRsawaworkmantakingdowntheinauguralscaffoldingontheWhiteHousegrounds.在富兰克林・德拉诺罗斯福宣誓就职的几天后，他坐在白宫里起草一份关于美国银行业危机的广播演说,它将于1933年3月12日这个星期天播出。此时此刻,美国正处于经济大萧条的水深火热之中，四分之一的美国人不是失业，就是无家可归，穷困潦倒。罗斯福向窗外望去，只见一个工人正在拆掉白宫临时搭建的总统就职演说的平台。"IdecidedI'dtrytomakeaspeechthatthisworkmancouldunderstand,"hetoldLouisHowe,hischiefaide.“我一定要让这样的普通工人也能听得懂我的演讲。”他对首席助理路易斯・霍夫说。TheAmericaneconomicsystemwasinastateofshock.OnSaturday,March4,afewhoursbeforeFDR'sswearing-in,thegovernorsofNewYork,IllinoisandPennsylvaniasignedordersclosingbanksinthosestates.TheNewYorkStockExchangehadsuspendedtrading,andtheChicagoBoardofTradebolteditsdoorsforthefirsttimesinceitsfoundingin1848.Theterrifying"runs"thatbegantheyearbeforeonmorethan5,000failingbankshadstrippedruralareasofcapitalandnowthreatenedtooverwhelmAmericancities.美国的经济体系正处于危难之中。3月4日星期六，就在罗斯福宣誓就职前几个小时，纽约州、伊利诺斯州和宾夕法尼亚州的州长们刚刚签署了指令，关闭这些州的银行。纽约证券交易所已经暂停了交易。而自从1848年成立以来,芝加哥期货交易所也头一次关上了大门。始于前一年的“挤兑”现象令人惊慌，5000多家银行倒闭，农村资金极度匮乏，而现在美国的城市也面临着全面的危机。Thiswasthebottom.Ifyouhadyourmoneyinabankthatwentbust,youwerewipedout.Withnoideawhetherbankswouldreopen,millionsofpeoplehidtheirfewremainingassetsundertheirmattresses,wherenoonecouldstealthemwithoutafight.这就是底线了。如果你存钱的银行倒闭了，那么你也就完蛋了。数以百万计的美国人无法确定银行是否能够重新开门，于是把自己仅剩的那点财产都藏在褥垫下面。除非经过一场激战，藏在这里的钱谁也偷不走。Roosevelt'sinauguraladdressattheCapitolhadbeguntorestorehope,withhisstandoutline,"Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself."Yetthegreatestapplausecamewhenhesaidthatifhisreformprogramwasnotadopted,"IshallaskCongressfortheoneremaininginstrumenttomeetthecrisis:broadexecutivepowertowageawaragainsttheemergency."罗斯福在国会的就职演讲给人们重新带来了希望，他那句最著名的话给人们留下了深刻的印象：“唯一值得恐惧的就是恐惧本身。”当提到若改革措施不被接受时，他的决心得到了人们的大声喝彩：“我将向国会要求对付危机的最后手段——向紧急状况开战的广泛行^权力。”ThenFDRusedanewmediuminanewwaytochangemillions.罗斯福以新的方式利用了一种新媒体,改变了百万人的生活。ThefirstPresidentialradiobroadcastwasintroducedbyRobertTroutofCBS,whoreadfromafolksyscriptapprovedbyFDR:"ThePresidentwantstocomeintoyourhomeandsitatyourfiresideforalittlefiresidechat."FDRbroughtnaturaltalenttotherole.Hisspeakingvoicewasabeautiful,relaxedtenor,notthecontrivedbassoprofundoofpompouspoliticians.第一次总统广播演讲是由CBS的罗伯特・特劳特向公众介绍的，这份亲切的介绍词受到了罗斯福的肯定：“总统希望来到你的家里，坐在壁炉旁，与大家做个炉边小谈。”对于完成这个任务，罗斯福有着天分。他的音质优美，语调放松，与那些华而不实的政客的虚情假意完全不同。Rooseveltowedmuchtotechnologicalgoodfortune.In1921,thenumberofradiosintheUnitedStateswasinthethousands.By1928,therewere9million,andby1932,18million,withabouthalfthehouseholdsowningatleastoneradio.HerbertHooverhadappearedononeofthefirst"telecasts"producedbyaninfanttechnologycalledtelevision,butneitherhenoranyoneelseknewhowtousethebroadcastingmediumeffectively.罗斯福的炉边谈话大大受益于技术的发展。1921年,全美收音机的数量只有几千台。而到了1928年,这个数字就达到了900万台。到1932年的时候,全美已经有1800万台收音机了，大约有一半的家庭每家至少有一台收音机。赫伯特・胡佛利用过一种叫做电视的新生技术，他曾经首次出现在“电视广播”上。但无论是胡佛还是其他人，都不知道如何有效地利用广播媒体。Roosevelt,though,wasdifferent.然而，罗斯福则与众不同。Allafternoon,workersbusilyremovedthegoldpiecesandPresidentialchinapatternsintheDiplomaticReceptionRoomontheWhiteHousegroundfloor.Incamebulkyelectricalequipmentandtelephonecables,connectedtoadeskandbuilt-inmicrophone.Meanwhile,Rooseveltpicturedpeople"gatheredintheparlor,listeningwiththeirneighbors,"wroteFrancesPerkins,whowitnessedmanybroadcasts."Ashetalked,hisheadwouldnodandhishandswouldmoveinnatural,relaxedgestures.Hisfacewouldlightupasthoughhewereactuallysittingwithpeople."整个下午，工人们都在忙着搬走白宫外交接待大厅里的各种金饰品和总统瓷器，而搬进来的则是笨重的电气设备和电话电缆，这些设备都与一台桌子和内置的麦克风相连接。与此同时，罗斯福想象人们“聚在客厅里，与他们的邻居共同倾听”。曾经亲历了无数广播现场的弗朗西斯•珀金斯如是写道，“当罗斯福说话的时候，他点着头，并且做出各种自然而放松的手势。他的面孔熠熠生辉，就好像真的与人们坐在一起谈话一样。”Theritualwentthisway:Upstairs,FDRwouldputthefinishingtouchesoneverywordandphrase.Hewasobsessedwithpunctuation.GraceTully,hissecretary,sometimesinsertedextracommaswhenshetyped,leadingherbosstogentlyupbraidherfor"wastingthetaxpayers'commas."Hisrealconcernwastiming.Hereadaloudatabout100wordsaminute,butheadjustedhispaceforeffect.At6p.m.,Roosevelthadhisthroatsprayedforasinusproblem.Thenheenjoyedcocktailsanddinner.整个过程是这样进行的：在楼上，罗斯福对每个单词和短语进行最后的润色。他对标点符号非常在意，而秘书格雷斯・塔利打字时有时会多打一些逗号，她的老板会因此语气和善地批评她“浪费纳税人的逗号”。罗斯福最关心的是时间把握问题。他大声朗读的速度大约是每分钟100个单词，但是他会调整自己的速度以求得到最好的效果。下午6点钟，因为鼻窦的问题罗斯福让人帮他冲洗了喉咙，然后就开始享用鸡尾酒和晚餐了。MomentsbeforethefirstFiresideChatwastoair,therewasacrisis.Noonecouldfindhisleather-boundreadingcopy.PanicensuedforeveryoneexceptFDR,whocalmlypickedupasmudged,mimeographedcopy.Aftersippingfromaglassofwater,hereadthewordsperfectlyontheair.就在第一次炉边谈话播出前一刻，还发生了一场危机：那份用皮革包边的朗读稿找不到了。大家都惊慌失措，而罗斯福则没有。他冷静地拿起一份脏兮兮的油印稿，啜饮了一点水之后，开始完美地朗读起来，并同时向全国播出。Thebeautyofthatfirstprime-timeradiospeechwasitsclarity.FDRwalkedpeoplethroughthebasicsofbankingwithoutbeingpatronizing.Heoutlinedtheprocessfordecidingwhichbankstoopen."Hemadeeveryoneunderstandit,eventhebankers,"WillRogersquippedlater.这次黄金时段的广播演讲其美妙之处在于它的清晰。罗斯福帮助人们了解了银行业的基本原理，而没有任何施恩于人的姿态。对于哪些银行要开业，他大体介绍了其决策过程。“他让每个人都清楚明白——甚至包括银行家在内。”威尔・罗杰斯后来打趣地说道。Inthemiddleofthespeech,Rooseveltsaidsimply,"Icanassureyouthatitissafertokeepyourmoneyinareopenedbankthanunderthemattress."Byraisinganissuethatmadesomanyfeelshameful,heliftedtheshame—offeringlistenersawaytostrikeapatrioticblowbysimplydepositingmoneyintoasolventbank.Thosewhoplannedinsteadtowithdrawmoneyweregentlythrowninwithanunsavorylot.Hoarding,thePresidentsaid,"hasbecomeanexceedinglyunfashionablepastime."在演讲中，罗斯福简单地说道：“我敢向大家保证，把钱存在重新开业的银行里，比放在褥子底下要安全。”他提及了这件让很多人羞愧的事情,旨在帮助人们摆脱羞愧一一他告诉人们只要把钱存入有偿付能力的银行，就是一种爱国之举。而打算把钱从银行取走则被温和地指为不明智的行为。总统说,囤积，“已经成为一种极度不流行的消遣行为了。”Thenhereturnedtothemessopopularinhisinaugural."Confidenceandcouragearetheessentialsincarryingoutourplan.Letusuniteinbanishingfear.Wehaveprovidedthemachinerytorestoreourfinancialsystem.Togetherwecannotfail."然后他又回到在其就职演说中深受欢迎的主题。“在执行计划的过程中，信心和勇气必不可少。让我们联合起来，赶走恐惧。我们已经有了恢复金融体系的机制。只要团结起来,就不会失败的。”JimFarley,atoppoliticaladvisor,wrotethatifjudgedbyitsimpact,thisspeechmayhavebeenthegreatestsingleutterancebyanAmericanPresident."Noothertalkevercalledforthsuchawaveofspontaneousenthusiasmandcooperation."With60millionpeoplelistening,theeffectwasimmediate.Thenextday,Monday,March13,newspapersreportedlonglinesofAmericansanxioustoredeposittheirmoney.TheNewYorkStockExchange,closedforoveraweek,opened15percenthigher,thelargestone-daysurgeinmorethanhalfacentury.Withinaweek,mostoftherecentlyclosedbanksreopened.高级政治顾问吉姆•法利认为，如果以影响力作为评价标准，那么这次演讲可被认为是美国总统所做的最伟大的一次演讲了。“没有哪一次谈话能够像它一样激起人们如此强烈的自发热情和合作。”6000万人同时倾听，产生的即时效果是可想而知的。第二天一一3月13日——是个周一，报纸报道说美国人排起了长队，急切地要把钱重新存回银行。而关闭了一周多的纽约证券交易所也重新开市了，当天高开了15%,创造了半个多世纪以来的单日最大涨幅。炉边谈话后的一个星期之内，大多数最近关闭的银行都重新开业了。GeraldFord,about20atthetime,rememberedFDR'sFiresideChatsas"bigevents—wewouldallstopandlisten."RonaldReagan'sbiographer,LouCannon,haswrittenthatReagan's"metaphorsweretheoffspringofFDR's."AndBillClintonrecalledhearinghisgrandfathertalkabouthowhesatinraptattention,"thenwenttoworkthenextdayfeelingalittledifferentaboutthecountry."当时杰拉德・福特只有20岁左右，他回忆说罗斯福总统的炉边谈话是“重要的事情——我们都会停下手头的事情倾听”。罗纳德•里根的传记作家卢•坎农写道，里根的“比喻说话方式得到了罗斯福总统的‘遗传工比尔•克林顿也回忆说，他的祖父谈到自己当时听罗斯福的演讲时，会全神贯注「第二天上班的时候，感觉到这个国家已经发生了变化。AfterthefirstFiresideChat,FDRrelaxedinhisoffice.At11:30p.m.hesaid,"Ithinkit'stimeforbeer."PreparationsforabilltospeedtheendofProhibitionbeganthatnight.第一次炉边谈话之后，罗斯福在办公室里稍稍放松了一下。晚上11点半的时候，他说：〃该喝点啤酒了。"就在那一天晚上，他开始了加速取消禁酒令的准备工作。Vocabularyswear[]v.toadmitsomeonetoaparticularofficeorpositionbydirectingthemtotakeaformaloath宣誓delivery[]n.givingaspeechinpublic演讲destitute[]adj.havingnomoney,nofood,nohomeetc.困穷的inaugural[]adj.(ofanofficialspeech)first,andmarkingthebeginningofsth.important就职的，开始的scaffolding[]n.asetofpolesandboardsbuiltintoastructureforworkerstostandonoutsideofabuilding脚手架aide[]n.sb.helpingapersonwithanimportantjob,esp.apolitician＜美＞助手，副官swearing-in[]n.makingapromisetodoajobcorrectly宣誓就职suspend[]v.toofficiallystopsomethingfromcontinuing,esp.forashorttime暂停bolt[]v.tolockadoororwindowbyslidingaboltacross上门闩・专业.专注.・专业.专注.wordword可编辑10.overwhelm[]v.tosurprisesomeoneverymuchsothattheydonotknowhowtoreact使人不知所措asset[]n.thepropertyofaperson,company,etc.,esp.ofvalue资产mattress[]n.thesoftpartofabedtolieon床垫Capitol[]n.thebuildinginWashingtonD.C.wheretheUSCongressmeets国会大厦restore[]v.tomakesomethingreturntoitsformerstateorcondition恢复15.standout[]adj.apersonorsth.inagroupmuchbetterthanalltherest出色的，杰出的16.Congress[]n.thegroupofpeopleelectedtomakelawsintheUS,consistingoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives(美国等国的)国会，议会17.executive[]adj.relatingtothejobofmanagingabusinessororganizationandmakingdecisions彳亍政的18.wage[]v.tobeginandcontinueawar,abattle,etc.发动19.folksy[]adj.(infml.)esp.AmEfriendlyandinformal和气的,无拘束的script[本tenor[]n.thewrittenformofaspeech,play,filmetc.手稿，原]n.ahighmalesingingvoice男图音22.contrived[]adj.seemingfalseandnotnatural人为的，做作23.bassoprofundon.(pl.bassoprofundos)adeepbasssingvoice低音24.pompous[]adj.feelingoneselfbetterthanothers浮夸的25.telecast[]n.sth.broadcastontelevision电视广播25.telecast[bulky[]adj.biggeranddifficulttocarryorstore体积大的parlor[]n.(old-fashion)aroominpubicbuildingstoreceiveguests会客室obsess[]v.tobetalkingorworryingaboutsth.allthetime着迷29.punctuation[]n.themarkstodividewriting29.punctuation[intosentences,phrases,etc.标点，标点符号upbraid[]v.(fml.)toblamesb.havingdonesth.wrong责备timing[spray[smalldropstiming[spray[smalldrops喷身寸sinus[]v.toforceliquidoutofacontainerinastreamofvery]n.thespacesinthebonesofone'sheadconnectedtotheinsideofone'snose窦air[]v.tobroadcastaprogramontelevisionorradio(用无线电,电视)播送panic[]n.asuddenstrongfeelingoffearornervousnessmakingsb.unabletothinkclearly惊慌，恐慌ensue[]vi.tohappenafterorasaresultofsomething冗艮着发生smudge[]v.tomakeadirtymarkonasurface弄脏mimeograph[]n.acopymadebyusingaduplicator油£印品prime-timen.thetimeintheeveningwiththelargestnumberofpeoplewatchingtelevision黄金时段

patronizing[]adj.showingoneselfbetter,ormoreintelligent高人一等的41.quip[]v.tosaysomethingcleverandamusing嘲弄42.assure[]v.totellpositivelyorconfidently向…保证43.solvent[]adj.havingenoughmoneytopayyourdebts有偿付能力的44.unsavory[]adj.disgusting令人讨厌的45.lotn.agrouporsetofpeopleorthings—ftt,一类人或物46.hoarding[]n.store贮藏47.pastime[]n.somethingenjoyableorinteresting消遣，娱乐48.theme[]n.themainsubjectorideainwriting,speech,film,etc.(谈话,写作等的）主题49.banish[]v.totrytostopthinkingaboutsomethingorsomeone消除50.utterance[]n.(fml.)somethingapersonsays说话51.spontaneous[]adj.notplannedororganized,buthappeningbyitself自发的，自然产生的surge[]n.asuddenincreaseinamountornumber居U增rapt[]adj.attentive全神贯注的Phrasesandexpressions1.workon:totryhardtoimproveorachievesomething从事于；致力于2.takedown:opieces拆卸3.gobust:togobankrupt[俚]破产;完蛋4.wipedout:[notbeforenoun](infml.)extremelytired精疲力竭的.专业.专业.专注.wordword可编辑thefinishingtouch:thelastdetail最后一笔walksb.throughsth.:tohelpsb.learnorbecomefamiliarwithsth.帮助某人了解某事strikeablowforsb./sth.:tohelpachieveanaim帮助某人获得成功callforth:toproduceaparticularreaction使起作用NotesJonathanAlter:JonathanAlter(1957-)isacolumnistandsenioreditorforNewsweekmagazine,wherehehasworkedsince1983.Fornearlytwodecades,hehaswrittenawidelyacclaimedcolumnthatexaminespolitics,media,andsocialandglobalissues.Formorethanadecade,hehasworkedasacontributingcorrespondenttoNBCNews.FranklinDelanoRoosevelt:FranklinD.Roosevelt(1882-1945),thethirty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945).AssumingthePresidencyatthedepthoftheGreatDepression,FranklinD.RoosevelthelpedtheAmericanpeopleregainfaithinthemselves.Hebroughthopeashepromisedprompt,vigorousaction,andassertedinhisInauguralAddress,"theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself."TheDepression:The“GreatDepression”(1929-1939)wasaperiodinUnitedStatesHistorywhenbusinesswaspoor.Banks,stores,andfactorieswereclosedandleftmillionsofAmericansjobless,homeless,andpenniless.Manypeoplecametodependonthegovernmentorcharitytoprovidethemwithfood.TheDepressionbecameaworldwidebusinessslumpofthe1930'sthataffectedalmostallnations.大萧条TheNewYorkStockExchange:TheNewYorkStockExchange(NYSE),nicknamedthe"BigBoard,"isaNewYorkCity-basedstockexchange.Itisthelargeststockexchangeintheworld.纽约证券交易所TheChicagoBoardofTrade:AnimportantmarketinChicago,US,inwhichfuturecontractsforthedeliveryofcommoditiesareboughtandsold.芝加哥交易所RobertTrout:(1909-2000)anAmericanbroadcastnewsreporter,bestknownforhisradioworkbeforeandduringWorldWarII.HeanchoredCBSNewscoverageofWorldWarIIandcoinedthephrase"firesidechat"todescribePresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt'sradioaddressestothenation.CBS:ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem哥伦比亚广播公司HerbertHoover:(1874-1964)aUSpoliticianintheRepublicanPartyandPresidentoftheUSfrom1929to1933FrancesPerkins:(1882-1965)secretaryoflaborforthe12yearsofFranklinD.Roosevelt'spresidencyandthefirstwomantoholdaCabinetpostWillRogers:(1879-1935),firstanIndian,acowboy,thenanationalfigureJimFarley:(1888-1973)appointedbyFDRpostmastergeneralandpartychairmanin1933andlateroneofFDR'sclosestpoliticaladvisorsGeraldFord:(1913-2006)Thirty-eighthPresident(1974-1977)RonaldReagan:(1911-2004)thefortiethPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1981-1989)LouCannon:(1933-)anAmericannon-fictionauthorandbiographer.HecoveredReaganforovertwenty-fiveyearsandtheauthorof"PresidentReagan:TheRoleofaLifetime"BillClinton(1946-):theforty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1993-2001)Prohibition:theperiodfrom1919to1933intheUSwhentheproductionandsaleofalcoholicdrinkswasillegal禁止，阻止，＜美＞禁酒令ExercisesI.QuestionsfordiscussionWhydoestheauthorsaythattheAmericaneconomicsystemwasinastateofshock?WhatisthemostencouraginglineinFDR’sspeech?WhydoestheauthorsaythatRooseveltowedmuchtotechnologicalgoodfortune?HowdidFDR’sspeechaffectpeopleandwhy?Howdoyouunderstandthetitleanddoestheword“courage”inthetitleonlyreferstothecourageshownbyFDR?II.Fillintheblankswiththewordsfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.ensuewageoverwhelmrestoreobsessdestitutepanicfolksyassetsdeliverysuspendadoptbanishquipassure1.You'llhavetoworkonyour,foryou’llfacealargeaudience.Theunprecedentedfloodsleftmanypeopleandhomeless.Salesofthedrugwillbetemporallyuntilmoretestsarecompleted.IwascompletelybyhisgenerositytooffermetheopportunitytousehisluxurycarwhenIfirstmethim.Hewasonceanimmigrantworkerbuthasnowacorporationwith$2billioninShewashopingthattheMediterraneanclimatewouldhertofullhealthandenergy.Thecourtswereaskedtoamoreflexibleapproachtoyoungoffendersinsteadofaseverepunishment.Thecouncilhasavigorouscampaignagainsttheproposalputforwardbythenewlyelectedpresident.TheSmithshavelivedinthetownformorethan50yearsandtheyhaveaspecialloveforthetownwhichhasacertaincharm.Alotofyounggirlsarebytheirweightandmostofthemchoosetogoonadiet.Thewholenationisinastateoffollowingtheunexpectedattacksfromtheworld.Thenewgovernorisbusysolvingproblemsthatfromfoodandmedicalshortages.Whenpersuadedtogiveupsmoking,hewould“Givingupsmokingiseasy.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes.”Sheisseriouslyillforthemoment,butherdoctorhasusthatshe'llbefineinnotime.Theparentsaretryingtotheunpleasantmemoryfromtheirson’smind.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthegivenwords.Thetwoboyswerefriendsalltheweek,andembattledenemiesonSaturdays.(swear)Apostmanisamanemployedtolettersandparcels.(delivery)Policyandactionalikegainedimmediateandsupportathome.(overwhelm)Theofthispolicywouldrelievethemofatremendousburden.(adopt)Inrecentyears,manychildren'swelfareinstitutionshaveraisedfundstohaveoperationsfordisabledchildreninwelfareinstitutions.(restore)Publicationofhisbiographywastocoincidewithhis70thbirthdaycelebrations.(timing)Berthatriedtospeak,butherthroatwasdry,andshecouldnoword.(utterance)Heconsumedalargeplatefuloftheverystew.(unsavory)Isitbettertospendyourmoneytodayoreverypennyinthebankfortomorrow?(hoarding)Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhaveanwiththeirweatherandthat,givenhalfachance,theywilltakeaboutitatlength.(obsess)Paraphrasethefollowingsentencesfromthetext.Theterrify