选修7unit1livingwell之grammar复习不定式的用法

RevisetheInfinitiveGrammarUnit1LivingWell2.Ihavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.3.Iusedtoclimbtreesandswimandplayfootball.4.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.1.Thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter.（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）Martysays…5.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseaname,soitisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.6.Sometimes,Iamtooweaktogotoschool.7.Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelops

computersoftwarewhenIgrowup.8.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.（主语）（状语）（表语）（宾语）Martysays…9.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.10.IfIhadachancetosayonething

tohealthychildren,itwouldbethis:…11.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.介词（状语）(定语)（状语）Martysays…动词不定式的作用

FunctionsofInfinitive

1主语(subject)

2表语(predicative)

3宾语(object)

4宾补(objectcomplement)

5定语(attribute)

6状语(adverbial)

7独立结构(absoluteconstruction)

结构二.

时态与语态

主动语态

被动语态

一般式

进行式

完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoingtodo;(否定)nottodo(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时/发生在它之后.)(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)(1).不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.Toseeistobelieve.

It’simpossibleforhumanstoflylikeabirdnow.Myjobto_________________________.Yourtaskto_______________________.isis(2).不定式作表语protecttheworld.Helikesto____________________.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)to_________________ifhewantstowin.(3)不定式作宾语playbasketball句型：think……+it+adj.+todo6123结构常接不定式作宾语的动词有：五希望同意瞄准莫拒绝设法学会去承诺不要假装在选择没敢提出来帮助一准备二决定faildareofferhelppreparedecidedeterminedemandaskrequest三个要求hopewishwantexpectdesireagreeaimrefusemanagelearnpromisepretendchoose有些动词如remember,forget,try,regret,

stop,goon,mean,等后既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同。remembertodo

记得要做某事rememberdoing

记得做过某事forgettodo

忘记要做某事forgetdoing

忘记做过某事regrettodo

遗憾要做某事regretdoing

后悔做过某事stoptodo 停止一件事去做另一件事stopdoing 停止做同一件事goontodo 继续做另一件事goondoing 继续做同一件事meantodo 打算做某事meandoing 意味着做某事

trytodo 尽力做某事

trydoing 尝试做某事4.不定式作宾补Mymumasksmetoplaythepiano

twohourseveryday.结构：动词+sb.+todosth.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,advise,order等+sbtodosth

listento

hear

watch五看

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二听一感觉:

feel+sbdosth（不带to）但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：

MothermadeJohnwash

thecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarfor

aweek.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3.Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.

也就是我们常说的：前有do后无to,前无do后有to.5不定式作定语1.Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.1.如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:

Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)不定式作状语inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,表示目的、原因、结果或条件。Hespokeloudlysoastobeheard.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.(7).不定式作独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthHedidn’tknow

whattosay.(8).与疑问词等连用不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Howtosolvetheproblem

isveryimportant.

Myquestioniswhentostart.(主语)(表语)(宾语)不定式的完成式

tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.

不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.Weplannedtohavedonegooddeedsforthepoorpeoplelastmonth.

表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划

hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…不定式的完成式

tohavedoneIwouldliketohavegivenherthegift.Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.

不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。不定式的完成式

tohavedone1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.Sleep