直接引语变间接引语详细讲解加练习

直接引语变间接引语详细讲解加练习直接引语变间接引语详细讲解加练习直接引语变间接引语详细讲解加练习直接引语和间接引语DirectspeechandIndirectspeech什么是直接引语？----直接引述他人的原话，一般加冒号，且没有时态响应的问题；如：Hesaid,“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”什么是间接引语？-----用自己的话转述他人的话，不用引号，平常状况组成宾语从句，从句中的语序，时态，人称，时间状语，地址状语，和指示代词等都有变化。如：Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’thefinishwork.为何要把直接引语变为间接引语？----当你需要转述他人的话的时候就需要用到；除了用say,还能够用tell,ask等。所转述的内容能够是陈说句，疑问句，特别疑问句，祈使句，痛惜句，这几种状况下该怎么将直接引语变为间接引语呢？只需记着刚刚说的那6点：语序，时态，人称，时间状语，地址状语，和指示代词，记着相对应的变化规则，那么就不是一件难事。下边我们来看例子：直接引语：Hesaid,“Mydadwillbebacktomorrowmorning”间接引语：Hesaidthathisdadwouldbebackthenext/followingmorning..我们来分析一下这个例句，时态，人称，时间状语都发生了变化Mydad---hisdad,willbeback---wouldbeback,tomorrowmorning---thenext/followingmorning一、下边我们先看时态不变的5种状况：1）直接引语是客观真谛，自然现象，名言，俗语，或许与一个详细的过去时间连用说明客观事及时，不论主句的谓语动词是什么时态，变为间接引语的时候时态均不变，如：“Theearthmovesaroundthesun,”theteachertoldus.Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.said,“IwasborninGuangdongin1990”.HesaidhewasborninGuangdongin1990.said,“Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.Goethesaidtheimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.:Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.

”2）主句的谓语动词是此刻是或未来时，变为间接引语不时态不变says,“Ifinishedthework.”Hesayshefinishedthework.willsay,“Ihavewateredtheflower.”Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflower.willsay,“Iwilltrymybesttohelpyou.”Hewillsayhewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）直接引语假如是一般此刻时，表示频频出现或习惯性动作，变为间接引语不时态不变。said,“Mybrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.”Jacksaidhisbrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.mothersaid,“Ilike-lineonshopping.”Mymothersaidshelikeson-lineshopping.4)直接引语是过去进行时，或许是过去达成不时，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如said,“Lucy,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouneartheshop?

”JimaskedLucywhereshewasgoingwhenhemetherneartheshop.said,“Tomwashavingvideomeetingat9o’clocklastnight.

”KellysaidTomwashavingvideomeetingat9oklastnight’clocsaid,“IhadcalledTombeforelunch.JohnsaidhehadcalledTombeforelunch.

”5)should,wouldought,hadbetter,might,usedto,could,must没有对应的过去式，因此在间接引语中时态一般不变，如：said,“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”JasonsaidIhadbettercomeheretoday.什么状况下时态需要变化？请看时态变化表格，当主句时态是一般过去式时：一般此刻时---一般过去式一般过去时---过去达成时一般未来时---过去未来时此刻进行时---过去进行时此刻达成时---过去达成时此刻达成进行时---过去达成进行时例句：1）Hesaid,“Iamverytired一.般此刻时”(---一般过去时)----Hesaidhewasverytired.----Hesaysheisverytired.2)“Areyoutired?”sheasked.----SheaskedifIwastired..----SheasksifIamtired.3)Tomasked,“WillJackarrivetomorrow?（一般未来时”—过去未来时）Tomaskedif/whetherJackwouldarrivetomorrow.Tomasksif/whetherJackwillarrivetomorrow.4）Sheasked,“WhenwillJackarrive?”SheaskedwhenJackwouldarrive.SheaskswhenJackwillarrive.5)“Ibrokethatplate.(”一般He过said去时.---过去达成时)Hesaidhehadbrokentheplate.Hesayshebrokethatplate.Hetoldmethathehadbrokenthatplate.5）Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”HesaidIhadtoldhimthatstory.HesaysItoldhimthatstory.6)Hesaid,“ImetMr.Smiththismorning.”HesaidhehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.7)Hesaid,“Iamusingtheknife(现.在进行时”---过去进行时)Hesaidhewasusingtheknife.8)Mymothersaid,“Yoursisteriswashingherfacenow.”Mymothersaidmysisteriswashingherfacethen.9)Hesaidtome,“She’sleftherbookinyour(现room在完.成时---过去”达成时)Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.10)Mr.Jonessaid,“Ihavejustfinishedwork.”Mr.Jonessaidhehadjustfinishedwork.11）Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.12)在达成行

---去达成行二、接下来我来看看人称是怎么化的：1、人称的1）直接引中的第一人称，一般第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.>He”——saidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引中的第二人称，假如原是述人的，第一人称，如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfather>toldme.

——MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）直接引中的第二人称，假如原是第三人称的，成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight>.”——Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人称的包含人称代、物主代和名性物主代等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?>HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.之，人称的不是固定的，详细状况，详细待，要符合。三、下边来看看状，地址状，有指示代的化：直接引接引指示代this/thesethat/thosenowThentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month⋯)thatweek(month⋯)状yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month⋯)theweek(month⋯)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month⋯)thenextweek(month⋯)地址状hereTherecomeGobringTakeHesaid,“ImetMr.Smiththismorning.他”“我今日清晨到史密斯了。”HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他他那一天清晨到史密斯了。Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”他：“我昨天去影院了。”Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他前一天他去影院了。Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉她下一个月就回去。Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.他那九点了。Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherhatday.他那一天他没有到她。Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她前一天她去了那里。Shesaid,“I'llgotheretomorrow.”她：“明日我将去那里。”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她次日她将去那里。Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他：“三天前我妹妹在儿。”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他三天前他妹妹在那里。(here→there;ago→before)Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她那晚她将去那里。（come→go；here→there；this→that）以上些化,要依据的详细和详细地址的状况而定，不能够机械照搬。假如就在当地述，here就不用改there,come也不用改go,假如就在当日述，yesterday或tomorrow等状也不用改。直接引中的一般去如与一个详细的去状用，接引的一般去不。Fathersaid,“Iamfreethisafternoon”父：“我今日下午有空。”Fathersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon.父他今日下午有空。Hesaid,“Iamgoingtheretomorrow.”他“我明日去那里。”Hesaidthathewasgoingtheretomorrow.他他明日去那里。巧:去掉引号加that，人称化要灵巧，向退后一步，状化按定四、直接引成接引，句子构的化1）述句。用that引，that在口中常省略。主句的可直用接引中的也可用told来取代，注意，能够saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不能够直接如：

said,toldthat,Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.>Hesaid”tous——thathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.>”——HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不能够toldthat）其余主句中的常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：Hesaid，“I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.becauseoftheheavytraffic.

>Heexplained”——tousthathewaslate假如接引是由that引的两个或两个以上的并列从句，的一般不省略，免得纷乱。

第一个能够省略，此后Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.>Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2）直接引一般疑句，（也称能否疑句，）接引用whether或if引，原主句中said要改asked（me/him/us等），序是述句的序，一点特别重要。

”——Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultyinpronunciation?>”——Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?>”——HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3）直接引疑句，接引用whether⋯or⋯表达，而不用if⋯or⋯，也不用either⋯or⋯如.：Heasked,

“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?

”——>

HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?

>

”Iasked——himwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.4）直接引特别疑句，改成接引，本来的疑作接引的，主句的用ask（sb.）来表达，序改述句序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”>——Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?>

”——Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.1.Heasked________forthecomputer.5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo，（由必然祈使句变为）asksb.nottodo（由否认祈使句转变），而且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地址状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.>He”——askedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”He>said.Hetold——metobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.——>Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”the>teachersaid.Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6）有些含有“建议”——>、“劝说”——>的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.>Hesuggested”——ourhavingarest.Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.>He”——offeredtohelpme.

——7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示恳求，建议意义时，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked>He.asked——metoopenthedoor.“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heasked>us.——Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8）直接引语是痛惜句时，变间接引语可用what或how指引，也可用that指引，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!>Shesaid”——whatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.即学即练A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_______.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He______me_____thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid_________.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty._____-”very→naughtyHe.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.Sheasked________.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadnB.whether’youIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_________.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_______.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”He_____me_______thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don’Ct.dotoldme;don’Dtdo.toldme;nottodo我告诉他我丢了钱并会找到这笔钱。她问我次日有没有空。我问她次日去哪里去干什么。他爸爸告诉他不要衣着新外衣去爬树。这个陌生人问我的名字是什么。他说:"我把书落在你房间了。"她说:"他会很忙的。"她对汤姆说:"你能帮我吗?""Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?"theyoungmanasked."Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,"thelittleboysaidhappily."Lighttravelsfasterthansound,"thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls."Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?"Mar