一轮复习-名词

中考一轮复习

名词育英外校初三英语备课组oneortwotomatoestwopiecesofbreadthreeorfourpiecesofhamafewlettuce(生菜)leaves(单数是leaf)aneggalittlemaplesugarMakealistbeforecooking可数名词不可数名词somecookingoilandalittlesalt

类别知识点能级要求识记理解应用名词1、可数名词及其单复数2、不可数名词3、专有名词4、名词所有格

√

√√

√中考要求作主语

The

populationinChinaisverylarge.作表语

I’mnotachild

anylonger.作称呼语

Boys,don’tmakesomuchnoise.作定语

FarmersgrowbananatreesinthesouthofChina.作宾语补足语

WecalltheboyMike.作直接宾语

Hisuncleboughthima

dictionary.作间接宾语

Hegavethe

boymuchmoney.作状语

Iwatchedafootballmatchlastnight.作宾语

Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.名词的句法功能名词的分类普通名词专有名词可数名词(单复数形式)不可数名词(量的表达)名词的词义辨析相关的词性转换名词所有格专有名词a.表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月的专有名词，须以大写的字母开头。例如：Lucy,Nanjing,WashingtonD.C.,Christmas,MayDay,Saturday,Tuesday,March,April,October…b.海洋、河流、山脉等专有名词前加the。例如：

thePacific(Ocean),theSeineRiver,theAlps…c.由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。例如：theGreatWall,theUnitedStates…d.表示一家人的两种方式：1.the+姓氏的复数2.the+姓氏+family

例如：TheGreensisabigfamily. TheBrownfamilyarehavingsuppernow.1)Nowmanypeopleusecellphonesinsteadof

(随身听)tolistentomusic.2)Therearetwo

(美国人)drinkingcoffeeinthebar.3)Manypeoplein

(西方国家)likeCoke.4)Theyusuallyhaveaholidayin

(香港).5)I’dliketolearntoswimevery

(周六).6)Manyyoungpeopleliketohaveagreattimeat

(圣诞节).7)Ireallyhopetojoin

(学生会)。8)

(妇女节)ison

.(三月八日)

theStudents’

UnionAmericanstheWestHongKongSaturdayChristmasWalkmansWomen’sDayMarch8th

1.规则变化：

1）______________如：map---mapsfield--fields

2）__________________如：virus---viruses，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盘子，match---matches比赛

3）_______________________如:leaf---leaves叶thief---thieves贼knife-knives小刀

4）_____________________________如:party---parties党factory---factories工厂family-families

家庭5）_____________________________________

radios

收音机,photos照片,videos录像,zeros零,zoos动物园,kilos公斤…potato---potatoes

马铃薯hero---heroes

英雄

tomato—tomatoes西红柿mango—mangoes或mangos芒果一般加-s

以s,x,sh,ch

结尾的名词后加-es以f或fe

结尾的名词,变为-ves以辅音字母

+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es

以o结尾的名词，大部分加-s,但要记住一些特殊加-es的实际上也有直接加-s的：roofs,beliefs,proofs注意：stomachs可数名词的单、复数形式可数名词的复数形式学会自己总结！但是：以元音字母＋y结尾的，直接加-s.如:toys,days2.不规则变化

1）变内部元音字母。a)______________man--menwomen---womenEnglishman---Englishmenb)______________foot---feettooth---teethgoose—geese2）_______________________

如:fish----fishgoldfish---goldfishspacecraft–spacecraft

sheep---sheepJapanese—JapaneseChinese---Chinese3）其他特殊变化

如mouse---mice;child---children小孩4）注意：复合名词的复数形式。复合名词变复数时，一般只要把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式即可。如agirlstudent→fivegirlstudents

但第一个名词是man或woman时,则必须将_______________________，如mandoctor→mendoctors男医生womanteacher→womenteachers女教师

改a为e型：改oo为ee型：形式不变(即单复数一致)前后两个组成部分都变为复数注意这几个单词的复数：humans;Walkmans;Germans注意：boots;shoots字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加-’s

或-s.There

aretwof’sintheword“office”.ManyVIPsarecomingtotheparty.注意：severalshoeshops,apairofsportsshoes,aclothesshop1.---Mum,todayisyourday,theWomen’sDay.Herearesome

(flower)foryou.(2010南京)---It’sverythoughtfulofyou.Thanks,Kitty.2.

Many

(butterfly)haveroundmarksontheirwingsthatlookslikeeyes.(2010无锡)3.Thebaby’sfirstfront

(牙齿)arejustcomingthrough.(2010苏州)4.Couldyoupassthe

(knife)tome?Weneedthemtomakepumpkinlanterns.(2010常州)5.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare

(German),onlytwoofthemare

(Japanese).6.Ourmoderntimesneedmoreandmore

(hero)forustolearnfrom.(2012江苏泰州)flowersbutterfliesteethknivesGermansJapanese中日不变英法变，其余S加后面。heroes注意：在few,afew,several,many,oneof,anumberof后一定加可数名词的复数形式。8.--Whataretheydoingthere?--Allthe

teachersand

studentsarehavingameeting.(2012湖北黄冈)women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlD.woman;girlsB7.

(节日)likeChristmasandHalloweenare

alsopopularinChinanow.(2012连云港)

Festivals

可数、不可数名词的量的表示法apieceofnewstwopiecesoffurniturealoafofbreadtwocartonsofmilkapacketofsugarthreekilosofmeatamomentoffeartwohoursofhomeworkabagofapplestwobagsofpeaches

abasketofpotatoesthreebasketsoftomatoes1.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave

andtwopiecesofbread.(2011杭州)acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcupB注意这些名词是不可数名词:music,

weather,knowledge,

health,

energy,traffic,advice,news,information3).Thereisalotof________(车辆)onthestreet.traffic4).Hehasplentyofk__________abouthistory,sohisstudentsadmire(羡慕)him.nowledge注意：在little(表示“少”),alittle,much

后要加不可数名词。1).Hegavemeless________(建议)thanyoudid.advice2).Therearelittle

(rabbit)onthehill.rabbits注意：在alotof,lotsof,plentyof,some,any

后可以加不可数名词,亦可以加可数名词复数。5).Hehassomegood__________(idea)tohelpussolveproblems.ideas类别意义例词专有名词表示人名、地名、机构组织名称等的名词Lucy,theGreens,China,theGreatWall,theUnitedStates普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的名词teacher,dictionary,chair,book,dog集体名词表示群体的名词family,class,police,people不可数名词物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料的名词rice,glass,water,paper,air,wood,wool抽象名词表示状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词danger,health,knowledge,work注意1：有些名词既有可数也有不可数的现象。exercise,glass,fish,orange,paper,room,work,time,experience…注意2：有些名词常以复数形式出现的现象。noodles,glasses,trousers,clothes,chopsticks,shoes,shorts…注意3：有些名词以s结尾，但却不是复数。physics,maths,news,virus,theUnitedStates…注意4：复合词中的名词a20-meter-longpoolTheboyis18yearsold.=Heisan18-year-oldboy.注意5:有些不可数名词和a，an连用的特殊情况。haveagoodtime

玩得开心,aheavyrain一场大雨,abigsuccess非常成功

注意几类特殊的名词：1.Youshouldtakemore

.Don’talwaysbeatthedeskbusydoingyour

.(2010昆山)exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exercises

C.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises2.Myteacherhasgivenmelotsof

.They’reveryuseful.(2010上海长宁)informationB.adviceC.suggestionsD.news3.---It’ssaidthataforeignEnglishteacherwillteachusEnglishnextterm.----Wow!

!WecanpracticeouroralEnglishbetter.A.WhatanexcitingnewsB.HowexcitedthenewsisC.WhatexcitingnewsD.Howexcitingnews

DCC(2012扬州)4.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore

becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.(2011江西)orangeB.vegetablesC.icecream5.I’mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome

thisafternoon.(2012陕西)paperandpencilB.applesandbananaC.milkandeggsD.bowlandspoonsBC名词所有格名词所有格的构成方式可以概括为以下三类:1)’s形式的所有格

today’snewspaperTeachers’DayChildren’sDayMaryandhersister’sbedroom(两者共有)Tom’sandMary’s

bags(两者分别拥有)tenminutes’walk=ten-minutewalkatthedentist’s

在牙医诊所

2)of或

to

短语构成的所有格amapofChinatheleavesofthetreethenamesofthedirectorsthekeytothedoortheentrancetothecinema

theanswertothequestion3)双重所有格

afriendofmyfather’s=oneofmyfather’sfriendsaphotoof

mineabook

ofMary’s1.Thethemeparkisabout

ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.(2011无锡)twohourB.twohour’sC.twohours’D.two-hours2.I’vegotatoothache,soIneedtogotothe

(dentist).3.---It’sverygoodthatthegirls’surveyhasbeenhandedin.Howaboutthe

(boy)?(2012年镇江)visitors’Cdentist’sboys’4.Theguidehascollectedallthe

(visit)IDcards.(2010常州)词性转换1)加后缀ness

如：sickness;happiness;business2)加后缀ment如：advertisement;development;achievement

3)加后缀ion如：pollution;education;operation;communication;discussion;expression;

decide;4)加后缀ance如：appearance;performance;

enter;5)

加后缀ing如：building;skiing;shopping;jogging;beginning6)

变末尾t为ce如：confidence;importance;difference

7)以y结尾如：beauty;difficulty8)结尾加th

如：warmth;growth;length;strength;

truedecisionentrancetruth注意②：有些名词的形式不止一种！

要根据句意选择适当的名词形式！如：performer/performance;science/scientist;thief/theft;director/direction;business/businessman;cook/cooker;

friend/friendship;murder/murderer

;end/ending…9)加后缀er或or如：singer;writer;foreigner;teenager;ruler;printer…注意双写：swimmer;winner;runner;shopper；

注意以or结尾的：inventor;visitor;actor;director1.ZhangZiyiisoneofthemostfamous

(演员)intheworld.actresses2.Someofhis

(invent)areveryuseful.inventions注意①：有性别区别的名词actor/actress;waiter/waitress;salesman/saleswoman3.Atthe

oftheday,wewatchedafilm.Ithasahappy

.(结尾)endending10)特殊的变化如：动词变名词：lose;affect;fly;choose;bleed;breathe;die;marry;arrive;serve;complain;think

如：形容词变名词：proud;wise;safe;medical;weigh;high;pleased;

losseffectflightchoicebloodbreathdeathmarriage

arrivalservicecomplaintthoughtwisdomsafetymedicineweightheightpleasure1.Wewon’twinthematchwithoutyour

(support).support11)一词有多种词性

:wonder,trouble,cause,sleep,work,calm,smile,laugh,iron,hope,help,wish,support,book,order,copy…pride1.YoungcouplesliketosearchtheInternetfor(2012镇江)some

(suggest)onhowtonametheirbabies.2.Theboyismorethan2metersin

(high)andheisgoodatplayingbasketball.(2012盐城)3.The

(develop)ofsciencehaschangedourworldalot.(2012盐城)4.Sometimesitrequirescouragetotellthe

(true).(2012无锡)5.Attheexhibition,thelittleboy’s

(invent)attractedmanyITengineers.(2012淮安)6.Thesedaysmanypeoplearetalkingaboutthe

(safe)offood.(2012南通)suggestionsheightdevelopmenttruthinvention(s)safetyWhetherwrittenorpurelymental,miseB.profileC.programD.process2012年南京市中考二、完形填空---Wishyouapleasantjourney.(2012扬州)---Thanks!I’llgiveyoua

assoonasIarriveinParis.ringB.handC.rideD.present2.---Mr.LiwassenttoteachChineseinanAmericanhighschoollastyear.---Yes,Iknow.Hetoldmehewouldneverforgethispleasant

whileworkingthere.(2012镇江)A.experimentsB.expressionsC.experiencesD.explorationsAC3.一Mrs.Black，couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtowriteanapplicationletter?

一Withpleasure．Rememberthatthelettershouldbewrittenintheformal_____．（2011南京）

A.valueB.styleC.effectD.mood4.Thetwocitieshavereachedan

todevelopscienceandtechnology.（2011盐城）

A．educationB．excitementC．agreementD．inventionBC注意：平时记住单词的词义，做题时再通过理解句意，判断选择答案！注意名词的词义辨析family强调家庭成员；home指人们生活居住的地方，强调居住的范围和环境；house强调“住宅”。voice强调“嗓音”；noise指不悦耳不和谐的嘈杂声；sound强调自然界的物理声音。problem与“困难”相联系，可以指社会或教学问题这些问题是有待解决的，与之搭配的动词是workout和solve等；question总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种问题是有待回答的，常与动词ask,answer等连用。Themusicmademethinkofthe

ofarunning