感知无线电综述

CogNet-CognitiveNetworkingNSFNeTS/FIND(FutureInternetNetworkDesign)CollaborativeProjectRutgersUniversityUniversityofKansasCarnegieMellonUniversityCogNetinPerspectiveGENI(GlobalEnvironmentforNetworkInnovations)Globalexperimentalfacilitythatwillfosterexplorationandevaluationofnewnetworkingarchitectures(atscale)underrealisticconditionsMajorinfrastructure,expectedtobe$367millionFIND(FutureInternetNetworkDesign)Requirementsforglobalnetworkoffifteenyearsfromnow-whatshouldthatnetworklooklikeanddo?Howwouldwere-conceivetomorrow'sglobalnetworktoday,ifwecoulddesignitfromscratch?Innovativeideasinbroadareaofnetworkarchitecture,principles,anddesignResearchprojectsexpectedtobefundedat$20millionperyearinprogressivephasesProvidesexperimentsandarchitecturesthatwillbepursuedontheGENIinfrastructureWirelessNetworkingChallengesWhyiswirelessnetworkinghard?MobilityisinherentwithuntetheredResourcesareconstrainedSpectrum“scarcity”→bandwidth&delayissuesEnvironmentchangesMobility→differentsurroundings(indoor,urban,rural)VaryingphysicalpropertiesWirelesscommunicationpathchangesovertimeCognitive/AgileRadioPlatformsFlexibleinRFcarrierfrequency(~0-6GHz)Flexibleinbandwidth(several10’sMHz)FlexibleinwaveformA/DandD/AdrivenGenerated/processedbyprogrammableDSPand/orFPGAsDialstoobserveTrafficcharacteristicsmeasuredatnetworklayerErrorrate&characteristics(BERanddistribution)MAClayerperpacketerrorinformationNetworkandtransportlayerperflowcorrelationsReceivecharacteristicsPhysicallayer–signalstrength,interferingsignals,backgroundnoiseMAClayer–transmitpower,antennainuseKnobstoinfluencePhysicallayerFrequency&bandwidthTransmitpowerBeamwidth&directionDatarate,code,&chippingrateMACprotocolFECstrengthRetransmitschemeMTUsizeEncryption¶metersNetworklayerRoutingprotocolAddressingplan(s)ACLsInterfaceframeworkwithaflexible,usablesetofscalableparametersAdapttoresourceconstraints,environment,varyingphysicalconditions,applicationCognitiveNetworkingCognitive(fromWikipedia)–applyingtheexperiencegatheredinoneplacebyonebeing

toactionsbyanotherbeingelsewhereDevelopingexperimentalprotocolstackforcognitivenetworks,notjustcognitiveradiosScalableautoconfiguration&networkmanagementDynamicnetworklayersupportingtailoredfunctionality(IP,groupmessaging,richqueries,etc.)Buildsonthefoundationofcognitiveradios(e.g.,Rutgers/GNURadio,KUAgileRadio),butextendsitfurtheruptheprotocolstack,andexploresacrossstackCogNetVisionNetworkLayerOverlaysNetworkLayerInnovationsExampleSensornetworkswithresourceconstraintsSize,weight,powerlimits→bandwidth,processingpowerlimitsTraditionalIPnetworkingnotthebestanswerSubstantialoverheadUnnecessarycommunicationsInnovationsLightweightnetwork-layerprotocolsOperationsondataflow–e.g.,nodes

donotforwardsensordatavalues

thatareunchangedGatewaysWirelessSensorNetworkNetworkLayerOverlaysStructuredandunstructuredP2P,DHTServicesmaymapbettertoparticularoverlaysSearch,distributedfilestorage,loadbalancing,multicastmessagingOverlaytypicallydenotesanapplicationlayernetworkofsemi-persistentlinksbetweenparticipatingnodes,thatisusedtoforwardmessagesbetweenthedistributedapplicationelementsCanalsousethemforLayer3forwardingInspiredbyM.Caesar,M.Castro,E.Nightingale,G.O'SheaandA.Rowstron,"VirtualRingRouting:NetworkroutinginspiredbyDHTs",Sigcomm2006,Pisa,Italy,September2006,http:///~antr/VRR.htmExplorehowhavingtailoredlayer3s,(IP,range-basedoverlays,multicastoptimizedoverlays,etc.)mayimpactend-to-endnetworkarchitectureforinteroperatingcognitivewirelesssubnetsandthefutureInternetNetworkLayerOverlaysResearchtopicsHowtouse,position,anddiscoverroutersbetweentheoverlaysthemselves,andtheInternetHowapplicationscandecidewhichnetworklayertouseLegacyapproachmanipulatingresolverlibrariesNewapproachbyapplicationsawareoftheGlobalControlPlane(GCP)Implementmultiplenewnetworklayers(linuxkernelchangesforexperiments,implementwithinns2forsimulations,andexploreifcommoncodecanbeleveraged)Ideallyexploreperformancetradeoffs(moreoverhead,etc.versusbetterutilization,etc.)insimulationandrealcognitiveradionetwork(KUARorRutgers/GNURadio)RoutingandPlatformsXORPRoutingprotocolimplementations,extensibleAPI,andconfigurationtoolsIPv4andIPv6–BGP,RIP,PIM-SM,andIGMP/MLDRoutingControlPlatform(RCP)ComputesBGProutesfortheroutersinanASIncorporatescompleteroutinginformation&networkengineeringProvidesbasisforexperimentationwithinterdomainroutingInter-overlay–betweenoverlaysonsamenetworkGateways(supernodes)betweennetworksSource:XORPDesignOverviewSource:M.Caesar,etal,"DesignandimplementationofaRoutingControlPlatform“,NSDI2005XORPNetworkManagementArchitectureGlobalControlPlaneGlobalControlPlaneImplementoverlayforinter-nodetransmissionofcontrolplanedata(position,capabilities,errors,signalstrength,etc.)ImplementpartsoflocalnodecontrolplanenecessarytoperformnetworklayerresearchPrimarilyapplicationandlayer3CMU/Rutgerswillimplementlayer1&2fortheirradiosKUmayimplementlocalnodecontrolplanelayer1&2forKUARExploreperformance–analytically&experimentOverlayoverheadversusbetterdataforcognitivedecisionsusinglocalcross-layerandglobalcross-networkinformationAssertion-makebettercognitivedecisionknowinglocalnodeinformationandreceivingnodeenvironmentsaswellasdetailsaboveanyintermediatehopsCogNetSummaryDevelopingexperimentalprotocolstackforcognitivenetworks,notjustcognitiveradiosScalableautoconfiguration&networkmanagementDynamicnetworklayersupportingtailoredfunctionality(IP,groupmessaging,richqueries,etc.)Buildingonfoundationofcognitiveradios(e.g.,Rutgers&GNURadio,KUAgileRadio),butextendsitfurtheruptheprotocolstack,andexploresacrossstackCogNet-CognitiveNetworkingWhatiscognitiveNetworks？