八年级英语下册 Unit1 知识点讲解

11111Unit1重点知识讲解Grammar—、情态动词(ModalVerbs)情态动词should意为“应该，应当”，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法。should的句式结构句式结构例句肯定句主语+should+doTheyshouldeatabalaceddiet.他们应该平衡饮食。否定句主语+shouldnot+doTheyshouldn'teattoomuch.他们不该吃得太多。一般疑问句Should+主语+do+…・It'stoocoldShouldIyes,主语+should.closethewindowNo,主语+shouldn't.太冷了，我该关上窗户吗Yes,you./No,you是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。的用法用法例句表示劝告、建议YouanswerthequestioninEnglish.你应该用英语回答这个问题。表示推测Theybeathomenow,Ithink.我认为，他们现在应该在家。表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等HowIknowit我怎么知道这间事情呢注意：should在以why,who,how等疑问词开头的问句中，意为"竟然，居然，怎么会”表示意外'惊喜或在说话人看来是不可思议的。二'其他表示建议的句型用法例句Shallwe/I+do+…Shallweforawalk咱们去散步好吗What/Howabout+doing/sth■…Whataboutswimming去游泳怎么样Let's+do…Let'sandthem.咱们去看看他们吧。You'd/We'dbetter(not)+do…Wewaitalittlelonger.我们最好再稍等一会儿。Whydon'tyou+do■…Whydon'tyouawalkoutside为什么不出去散步呢Whynot+do…Whyawalkoutside2222

为什么不出去散步呢三、反身代词表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译“本人”、“本身”，为加强语气，也常翻译为“亲自”、“自己”。不定人称代词oneoneself.1、反身代词的分类""数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、反身代词的用法用法说明例句作动词的宾语常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,lookafter,getdressed作宾语HeisteachingEnglish.他在自学英语。Weenjoyedlastnight.昨天晚上我们玩得很开心。做介词的宾语常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作宾语Shelivesbyinthecountryside.3333

单词的用法SectionA1.What'sthematter怎么了该句常用询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦，其后用with引出对象。.What'sthematterwithsb.=what'swrongwithsb.=what'sthetrouble/problemwithsb.4444=what'sone'strouble/problem.What'sthematterwithTom=what'swithTom=What'sthewithTom=What'sTom's.matter,名词，“问题，事情”.Wehaveimportant(matter)todiscuss.我们有些重要的问题要讨论。.动词，“要紧，关系重大”.Itdosen'tthatyoucamelate.Ihaveacold.我感冒了。.have/get/catchacold“感冒，着凉”Theoldmanacoldyesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。.“have+a/an+疾病名称”意为“得了…•病”haveafever,haveacough,haveaheadache■…Ihaveasoreback.我背痛。“Ihaveasore+身体部位”意为“…痛”辨析sore和achesore形容词，意为"疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身体部位名词前sorefeetsorelegsorethroat5555ache名词，构成复合词headache;stomachacheliedownandandrest..lie的不同含义及词性变化单词词性词义现在分词过去式过去分词lie动词躺；平躺lyinglayLainlie动词说谎lyingliedLiedlie名词谎言无无无Katy(lie)onthebedandreadtheletterlastnight.凯蒂昨晚躺在床上看书。He(lie)tomeabouttheresult.对于结果他对我说了谎。.rest动词，“休息，放松”Mayhimrestinpeace.have/takearest休息，放松二restYouneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.takebreaks=take/haveabreak休息Weareabreakunderthetree.我们正在树下休息。Yeah，IthinkIsatinthesamewayfortoolongwithoutmoving.是的，我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。.Inthesameway:以同样的方式，以相同的方式Sheworkedoutthemathprobleminthesameway.6666

2）.without为介词，意为“无，没有，不”Youcan'tbuythingsmoney!你没有钱就买不了东西。Heleftwithoutanything.他什么都没有说就离开了。…Whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideogtheroad■这时，司机看到路边躺着一位老人。see/watch/notice/hearsth.强调看到/听到的动作的正在进行see/watch/notice/hearsth.强调看到/听到的动作的正在进行see/watch/notice/hearsth.强调看到/听到的动作的完整性see/watch/notice/hearsth.强调看到/听到的动作的完整性Ioftenhiminthegardenlastmonth.上个月，我总是看到他在花园里干活。（强调全过程）IhiminthegardenwhenIpassedbyyersterday.昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。（强调动作正在进行）Heexpectedmostorallthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus..expect+名词/代词“期待；预料”Iamaphonecallfromher.我正在等她的电话。.expecttodosth.Sheexpectstogotherenextweek.她期望下周去那里。.expectsb.todosth.Heexpectedhertogowithhim..expect+that从句Iexpectthathe'llcomebacktomorrow.Buttomysurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.77771）.toone'ssurprise“使…惊讶的是，出乎…意料"my(surprise),herefusedtocooperatewithus.让我惊讶的是，他拒绝与我们合作。.agree"同意"agreetodosth.“同意做某事”agreewithsb.agreeonsth."就某事达成一致".Mymotheragreed(buy)meanewpen.Ientirelyagreeyou.Weagreethequestion.辨析thanksto/thanksforthanksto“多亏，由于”，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或doingthanksfor“因…而感谢”，for后接感谢的原因，常为名词或doing形式，Thanksyou,Iamnotlost.幸亏你我才没有迷路。Thankssendingmesuchanicegift.谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。getintotrouble"造成麻烦（或烦恼）；陷入困境"trouble是不可数名词。beintrouble“再麻烦和困境中”Lisatroublewhensheclimedthemountain.8888LetushelpthepeoplewhoareLetushelpthepeoplewhoareDidyoufalldownfall---fell---fallenfalldown意为“倒下”强调的是“滑倒，倒下”不能直接跟宾语，加from连接宾语，falldownfrom，表示“从…摔下"falloff“跌落”，强调的是“从某处跌落，摔下来”=falldownfrom.Thedogdowndead.那条狗倒下去死了。Theboythetreeandbrokehislegs.Thegirl___thebike.SectionBSomeonefeltsick.Sick;生病的，恶心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品质恶劣的辨析sick和illsick既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。表语时“恶心的”ill既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。作定语时：表示“品质恶劣的”EverytimeIgetonaboat,IfeelHeisanstudent,becausehesmokesanddrinks.Ihavetolookaftermysisterhomeathometoday.9999Someonegothitonthehead.有人头部受到了撞击。.gethit为系表结构：gethit+on/in+the+身体部位的名词，表示“某身体部位受到了撞击”.Thepoliceofficerontheshoulder.这位警官的肩膀受到了撞击。.hit,“打击，击中”如果强调“集中某人的部位”可以用“hitsb.on/inthe+身体部位”.Thebullethithimontheback.子弹击中了他的后背。.hit可以做名词，“轰动一时的成功的人或事；风靡一时的作品”。.Thesongwasahitatonce.haveproblemsbreathing.breathe,a.动词“呼吸”.Hewasbreathinghardwhenhefinishedtherace.b.名词，breath，没有“e”takeadeepbreath深呼吸；holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸.haveproblems(in)doingsth.“做某事有困难或麻烦”.IhaveEnglish.我学习英语有困难。辨析beusedtodoing/beusedtodo/usedtodobeusedtodoing意为“习惯于”，to是介词+名词/doingbeusedtodo意为“被用来做…”to为不定式符号+do原形usedtodo意为“过去常常”，to为不定式符号+do原形Iamtoupearly.我习惯早起。Apenisto.钢笔是用来写字的。10101010Hetobooksforanhoureveryday.他过去常常每天读—小时的书。find+宾语+宾补.find宾语adj.Wefoundhimdishonest.我们发现他不诚实。.find宾语doingWefoundhimothers'homework.我们发现他在抄别人作业。.find宾语副词和介词短语Iamsogladtofindyou.我很高兴发现你在家。Ifoundtheclothesstyle.我发现这些衣服过时了。辨析runout/runoutof用尽，耗尽runout“动词+副词”结构。相当于不及物动词，后面不接宾语，主语通常是“事物”时间，金钱等runoutof“动词+副词+介词”结构。相当于及物动词，后面可以接宾语，主语通常是“人”Ourmoneyisout.我们的钱快用光了。Wearerunningoutmoney.我们的钱快用光了。辨析sothat/so…thatsothat“以便，为了”=inorderthat,引导目的状语从句，常与can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词或助动词。so….that"如此…以至于”，引导结果状语从句，so为副词，+adj/adv;that后跟从句。可以与…enoughtodo…和too…todo…进行同义句转换。.Theygotupearly___theycouldcatchtheearlybus.SayslowyIcanfollowyou.TomranfastIcouldn'tcatchupwithhim.11111111=Tomranfastcatchupwith.so…that用法。.so+adj./adv.+that.so+adj.+(+a/an)+n.+that.so+many/much/few/little+.Theceilingissohighthatwecouldn'treach.天花板如此高，我们够不着。Hissonissotallamanthathealmostreachestheceiling.他儿子那么高，几乎够到天花板了。Katehadsomanyfallsthatshewasblackandblueallover.凯特跌倒了好多次，摔得身体青一款紫一块。giveup放弃.“动词+副词”代词做宾语，代词放中间。giveit/them/him/her…up.giveupdoingit'sgoodforyoutogiveup.戒烟对你有好处。Ihurtmyselfplayingsoccer.playingsoccer现在分词做伴随状语。表示动作同时发生。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。.Istayeduplateyesterday,foratest.昨天我为测验熬夜学习到很晚。1212121213131313一、单项选择。重点精准检测)1.Thepearistoobigforme.Letmeapartforyou.A.cutdownB.cutoffCcutup()2.GraceboughtalotofnewclothesandallherD.cutinmoney.A.runoutB.runoutofC.ranofD.ranoutof)3.Yourtemperatureis39°C.MaybeyouA.haveacoldB.haveaheadacheC.haveafeverD.haveasoreback)4.—Didyoucatchyourplane—Yes.WegottherejustA.onthetimeB.attimesC.intimeD.inthetime)5.Suecametothesmalltownfiveyearsagoandsheherenow.A.isusedtoliveB.isusedtolivingC.usedtolivingD.usedtolive)6.Tosurprise,thefive-year-oldboycansingsomanyEnglishsongs.A.myB.meC.ID.mine)7.Emmalikesdancingandshekeepsoneveryday.D.todanceA.dancingB.dancesC.danceD.todance)8.—Whathappenedyouyesterday—Ihurtmyselfin.class.14141414A.toB.onC.atD.with）9.Jimisalwayssobusyhehaslittletimeforhisfamily.A.ifB.untilC.thatD.when）10.—Hi,John,—Mydog'slegishurt.A.HowareyouB.What'sthematterC.Who'sthatD.What'sLucylike二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。Look!Adogis（lie）bythesideoftheroad.Thelittlegirlusuallyfinishesherhomeworkby（her）antidoesn'tneedothers'help.WhenIcameintothelibrary,Isawhim（read）abookthere.Mr.Greenagreed（help）mewithmymath.Youarclateforschoolagain.Ithinkyoushould（_get）upearlytomorrow.Whatdoeshemean（do）Didyoumakea（decide）tostudymedicineMr.Liputsomany（knife）intohisbag.Mydreamistobea（climb）oneday.Thelittledog's（die）mademeverysad.三、根据首字母或汉语提示完成下列句中所缺的单词。SusantookhertemperatureandfoundshehadahighfIhaveatandIcan'teatanything.Youlooksotired,soyouneedtohavearTonyusuallyplaysgameswithhisclassmatesduringthebbetweentwoclasses.15151515IhaveasthroatsoIcan'tsayaword.Weusuallywalkwithour（脚）andseewithoureyes.I'mfeelingterrible.Ihavea（胃痛）.Theriveristoodeep,butTomandTonytake（冒险）ofswimmingthere.Alexgothurtinthecaraccidentandlostmuch（血）.Kate'smotherworksinahospital.She'sa（护士）.四、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。他下了火车，然后就回家了。Hethetrainandthenwenthome.多亏了那位老人，我们找到了回家的路。theoldman,wefoundourwayhome.请记住当你生气的时候，不要做决定。Pleaseremembernottowhenyouareangry.为了能赶上火车，我六点钟就出发了。IleftatsixIcouldcatchthetrain.为了成功你不得不去冒险。Youhavetoinordercatchtosucceed.Youhaveto五、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空（有两个多余）。knifbreadecidadvistroublrishighhurlidiffereseemcoughekeeektentJohnlikestodosportverymuch.Hisfavoritesportismountainclimbing.Lastspring,hemadeabig1.—toclim