高考英语短文改错应考策略

6/6高考英语短文改错备考策略高考短文改错题目考查方向：《一》语法方面主要测试动词时态和语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，短语动词；名词，代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词、冠词、介词，固定搭配；简单句、并列句和复合句，以及倒装、省略句等。《二》行文逻辑方面主要考查人物的性别及相应的指代代词或物的数量及相应的指代代词的一致，句子的并列、递进、转折、因果关系等的相应关联词；时间的先后顺序等解题方法点拨1.通读短文明确中心主题，整体把握时间、地点、人物、事件和行文逻辑2.看标点确定句子头尾，明确句子特点（简单句、并列句、复合句、特别句式）;抓关键谓语动词看主语明确主谓关系，确保主谓人称、语态、时态一致。3.划分意群，明确成分，化整为零，各个击破。4.了解考点，依据原则，运用知识，分析解决。6.通览检查，纠错补漏，确定结果短文改错是一个综合性很强的题型，既考查基础知识，又考查综合技能。要做好题目，必须做到：平时多阅读，多练习，熟悉英文的谋篇布局和行文逻辑，形成语感。牢记英语句子的三个一致的原则：即主谓一致、时态一致、指代一致。熟悉同根的动词、名词、形容词、副词等的用法区别，检查出词类误用的情况。注意冠词、介词、连词、物主代词、不定式符号等的遗漏或误用。在理解全文的基础上查错，同时留心行尾和行首的漏词、多词和错用词情况。考点应对策略归纳：1.抓主语，看谓语，主谓关系要统一（语态、一致和时态，语气,形式需考虑）1）AnEnglishladywasfinallydecidedthatshereallyshouldlearntodrive.2）Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.3）Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.4)Ofcourse,whenmymotherwasasked,“Haveyou…”5)Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.6)CharlesandLindawereseeingnearthetopofthebuilding.2.名词性质要关注，可数与否须清楚。名词具有受限性，限制(特指、确指和泛指）、修饰要重视。1)KatecovereditwithalotofChristmaslight2)…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.3)Goodhealthisperson’smostvaluablepossession.4)Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.5)Westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksomewatersfromastream.6)Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.WehavebeentoEuropemanytime.7)Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.8)Ihopethatyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimessoon.3代词出现不起眼，指代不明生疑点，验名正身别怕烦，确保一致心里安。1)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?”2)Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.3)Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.4)IlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedme.5)Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.4.英汉词性易混乱，形、副、名、介较常见，成分关系是关键。形作定表，副作状，名词功能莫要忘。1).Hecamebacklatelylastnight.2).Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.3).Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework.4).Charlessaid,“AssoonasIseearealtallbuilding,Iwanttoclimbit.5).Hepracticedhardandpastthedriving-test.6).I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytime.7).Unfortunate，therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.8).Thebeautifulofthelakeattractsusalot.5.连接词语需检验，逻辑关系前后辨。1).Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.2).ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.3).ItisaveryimportantexambutIcan’taffordtofailit.4).Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.5).ThemarketatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasgivenwaytoasupermarket.Besides,thebookstorenexttoourmiddleschoolisstillthere.6).Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.7).I’dliketostaythereforhalfamonth,visitingplacesofinterestorpracticingmyEnglishaswell.6.介词多少也要看，搭配错误较常见。1).Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.2).Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.3).AtChristmasEve,JimwentwithhisfathertochooseaChristmastree.4).Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,Ifindthat…5)AsyouareverypopularlywithusChinesehighschoolstudents,we’dliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.6).…..sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.7).…sothatwecanhelpeachotheronthecoursework.7.非谓语动词是考点，见面验证别嫌烦。1).Myparentsloveme…andwilldoalltheycanmakesure…2).Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.3).SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.4).Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.5).Lookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.6).Ihaveoftendreamedoftalkfacetofacewithyou.7).Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso…8.固定搭配看清楚，习惯用法要关注。句式特点整体看，引导词语是关键。1).Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacher.2).Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.3).Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.4).IthinkI’demailyouandletyouknowwhatthingsaregoing.5).IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina.6).Itwasturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshe’dleftontheshelfbymistake.【练习巩固】Passage1Ifeelquitesurethechemistrytestthatwe’regoingtohavetomorrow.TheteacherhasalreadytoldusexactwhattostudyandIthinkmygradesonhomeworkhasbeengood．Inafact,IthinkchemistryhasalwaysbeenoneofthesubjectsthatIenjoyitmost.SusanandIhadalreadyspenttwohoursreviewpages115-140tonight.Wearegoingtodevoteanotherhourtopractisewithsomeofthesample(实例)problem.ThenIwillreadyforthetest.Passage2DearMary,IreceiveyourE-mailjustnow.Don’tworryaboutme.I’mgettingonwellwithmyresearchworkinthelab.ButtomygreatlysurpriseyousayyouwillgiveuplearnEnglish.Thereasonisbecauseyouhavenotdonewellinitrecentlyandyouhavelostinterests.I’mafraidIcouldn’tagreewithyou.IknowitisdifficultytolearnEnglish,andEnglishiswidelyusedintheworldtoday.Itwillbeimportanttoolinourfuturework.Beside,itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourdailylife.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillbesucceed.Dorememberthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.I’mlookingforwardtohearinggoodnewsfromyou.Yours,LiHuaPassage3DearRalph,Iamanuniversitystudent.Ioncethoughtlifeattheuniversitymustbeexcellent,butnowIchangedmymind.Ihavethreeroommates,andIwasthelastonetomoveintothedormitory.Lastterm,Igotalongpeacefullyandhappy.ButIfindtheyarenotwillingtobewithmenow.Theydon’ttalkwithme,andthey’vebecomecoldtowardme.Manytime,IhavewantedtotalkwiththemabouthowIfeltlike,butIfailedtofindanopening.Whenleavingalone,Ialwaysrecallthissadness.ButIamanhoneststudent.Whydon’tIwintruefriendship?七选五练习ADearSir,IhavetotraveleverydayfromSoUKRoadtotheairport.Twobusestravelalongthisroute:No.49andNo.16.However,bythetimeNo.16reachesSoUKRoad,itisalwaysfull.__1__ThetimetablestatesthattherearebusesfromSoUKRoadtotheairporteverytenminutes.__2__Theinstructionsstatethatifthereareemptyseatsonabus,thebusmuststopateverystopwherepeoplearewaiting.__3__Theinstructionsstatethatnobusmaycarrymorethan40seatedpassengersand20standingpassengers.Yesterday,Iwasthefirsttogetoffthebuswhenitreachedtheairport.__4___Therewere129ofthem.Clearlyprintedonthebackofeverybusisasignthatsays“Maximumspeed:50mph.”___5__SaturdaymorningaNo.49bustraveledthedistanceintenminutes,atanaveragespeedof60mph.Attimesitmusthavedoneatleast80oreven90mph.Itisobviousthatourbuscompanieshaveneitherrespectfortheinstructionsnorconsiderationfortheirpassengers.Cannothingbedoneaboutthis?JerryA.Icountedtheotherpassengersastheygotoff.B.Isthereanythingwecandotochangethis?C.Theproblemisthatwehavetopaymoreforourtrip.D.ThedistancefromSoUKRoadtotheairportis10miles.E.ThisleavesNo.49whichsometimeshasemptyseatsonit.F.Ifthisisso,whydoIhavetowaithalfanhourforabusnearlyeveryday?G.Whyisitthathalf-emptybusesgostraightpastmewhenIamstandingatthebusstop?BMymotherisadiligentandkindwoman.Sheisverybusyfrommorningtillnight.Asateacher,sheworkshard.1BothmybrotherandIloveherdearlyasshelovesus.Mymotherhasbeenteachingmathatamiddleschoolinmyhometown.Shegoestoworkearlyinthemorninganddoesnotreturnhomeuntillateintheafternoon.2Shetreatsthemwithpatienceandteachesthemwell.Forherexcellentqualityandverygoodteachingresults,shehasbeenelectedasamodelteacherseveraltimes.3Everyday,whenshecomesbackhomefromwork,shesetsaboutdoinghousework,sweepingthelivingroomandbedroomsorcleaningthefurniture,andputtingeverythingingoodorder.Sheseemstobebusyallthetime.Asshehasbeenverybusyworkingeveryday,shelooksolderthanherage.Butshelooksascheerfulandhappyasever.Motherneverbuysexpensivedresse