2018年江苏高考英语专题二完形填空：第三步议论文

体裁突破(五)议论文A(2017·前黄高级中学一模)Researchconfirmsthatperformingactsofkindnessandsharingthankfulthoughtshavemanypositiveeffectsonmoodandhealth.Theyareamongthetopfivepredictorsofhappiness.Whenyoufeelthankfulforsomething，that’sgratitude.Younevergetitoutof1；youareclearwhoorwhatisresponsible，whetherthat’salovedone，astranger，orahigherpower.Gratitudeishowyou2tootherswhenyouseeyourselfinconnectionwiththingslargerthanyourself.3，thisunderstandingofourrelianceonothersisbecomingmore4today.Withcommercialandsocialmedia，everythingmakestheyoungergenerationfeelthattheyarethe5oftheuniverse.Ifit’sallaboutthem，whythankothers?Iftrue，therewouldbeadisturbing6trend.Canadianresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhowrotethank-youlettersorperformedgooddeedsforasix-weekperioddecreasedtheirpain，uppedtheirenergy，andimprovedtheirmentalhealth.Andyoucan7thesebenefitsatanyage.Oldpeoplewhochoosetobethankfularelesslikelytoworryabouttheir8health.Gratitudetendstobeeasilyspread，aswell.Thosewhoarehelpedaremorelikelytopaykindness9.Onestudyfoundthatwhensomeoneisthanked，itmorethandoubleshisorherchancesofbeing10again，likelybecauseheorsheenjoysfeelingsocially11.Ifyouaren’tparticularlygratefulnow，youcanlearntobe.Peoplewhokeepajournalofthreepositivethingsthathappentothemeachday12health-inducingthankfulness.Atfirst，itmaybedifficultto13thegoodthingsthatoccur.But14，yourbraingetstrainedintoamoreappreciativemode.Andintheend，thejournalbecomesabookofjoyful15.Gratitudetrainingcertainlycomestoyouraidduringthe16timesbecauseagreater17forlifeisthepartyoufocuson.18yourgratefulnessdirectlywiththepersonyoufeelgratefulto，thebenefitsofhappiness19.Youdon’tneedascientificstudytoknowthatshowingandacceptinggratitudecanensureyouan20life，amuchbetterlifethanyouthought.语篇解读研究表明，善意的行为和分享感恩的想法对情绪和健康有许多积极的影响。它们排在预示幸福的前五名中。1．A.something B．anythingC．everything D．nothing答案D解析something某事；anything任何事情；everything一切事情；nothing什么也没有。句意为：当你心存感谢时，那就是感激。你从来不会平白无故地表达它。故选D。2．A.refer B．submitC．subscribe D．relate答案D解析refer涉及，参考；submit主张，服从；subscribe捐助，订阅；relate叙述，使有联系。句意为：感激就是当你看到自己与比自己伟大的事情相联系时与别人交流的方式。故选D。3．A.Therefore B．MeanwhileC．However D．Besides答案C解析therefore因此；meanwhile与此同时；however然而；besides另外。句意为：然而，我们对依赖别人的这种理解在今天变得更加困难了。故选C。4．A.strange B．difficultC．stubborn D．ridiculous答案B解析strange奇怪的；difficult困难的；stubborn顽固的；ridiculous荒谬的。句意见上题解析。故选B。5．A.master B．centerC．survivor D．creator答案B解析master主人；center中心；survivor幸存者；creator创造者。句意为：所有的一切都让年轻一代觉得自己就是宇宙的中心。根据句意可知选B。6．A.health B．mentalC．cultural D．industrial答案A解析health健康；mental精神上的；cultural文化的；industrial工业的。句意为：如果是真的，就会有一个令人不安的健康趋势。故选A。7．A.continue B．approachC．sustain D．reap答案D解析continue继续；approach靠近；sustain维持；reap收获。句意为：在任何年龄你都能收获这些好处。故选D。8．A.original B．improvingC．failing D．falling答案C解析original最初的；improving有启发的；failing失败的；falling下降的。句意为：选择感恩的老人担心自己不健康的可能性就低。故选C。9．A.forward B．downwardC．backward D．upward答案A解析forward向前地，向将来，往后；downward向下；backward向后地；upward向上。句意为：那些得到帮助的人往后更有可能会付出善意。故选A。10．A.thankful B．respectfulC．helpful D．careful答案C解析thankful感谢的；respectful恭敬的；helpful有帮助的；careful仔细的。句意为：一项研究发现当人受到感谢的时候，这将会使他/她再次乐于助人的机会增加一倍以上。故选C。11．A.valued B．influencedC．attracted D．noticed答案A解析value估价，重视；influence影响；attract吸引；notice注意。句意为：很可能是因为他/她享受自己的社会价值感。故选A。12．A.cultivate B．emphasizeC．benefit D．transmit答案A解析cultivate逐渐形成；emphasize强调；benefit受益；transmit传输。句意为：人们每天写一篇关于三件积极的事情的日志，逐渐形成有利于健康的感恩。故选A。13．A.analyze B．recognizeC．summarize D．organize答案B解析analyze分析；recognize认出，识别；summarize总结；organize组织。句意为：起初，识别发生的美好的事情是很难的。故选B。14．A.roughly B．decidedlyC．gradually D．accidentally答案C解析roughly粗糙地；decidedly果断地；gradually逐渐地；accidentally意外地。句意为：但是，渐渐地，你的大脑被训练成更具欣赏力的模式。故选C。15．A.essays B．thoughtsC．files D．memories答案D解析essay随笔，散文；thought思想，想法；file文件；memory记忆。句意为：最后，日志变成了一本有快乐回忆的书。故选D。16．A.dark B．goldenC．special D．urgent答案A解析dark黑暗的；golden金色的；special特殊的；urgent紧急的。句意为：在黑暗时期，感恩的培训肯定会对你有所帮助。故选A。17．A.admiration B．allocationC．appreciation D．affection答案C解析admiration钦佩；allocation分配；appreciation欣赏，感激；affection影响，喜爱。句意为：因为更懂得欣赏生活就是你所关注的那部分。故选C。18．A.Supplying B．ExperiencingC．Sharing D．Recalling答案C解析supply供应；experience体验；share分享；recall回想起。句意为：直接与你感激的人分享你的感激之情，幸福的好处就会累积。故选C。19．A.disappear B．accumulateC．emerge D．weaken答案B解析disappear消失；accumulate积累；emerge浮现，显现；weaken变弱。参考上题解析。故选B。20．A.enriched B．engagedC．enlarged D．enabled答案A解析enriched丰富的；engaged忙碌的；enlarged扩大的；enabled已启用的。句意为：表示并接受感激能使你拥有一个丰富的人生。故选A。B(2017·南京三模)Researchshowsthatwhenweareabsorbedinanactivity，evenminordistractions(分心)canhaveahugeeffect.Accordingtoastudy，regainingour21drivefollowinganinterruptioncantakeabout20minutes.Multitasking(多重任务)，asmanystudieshaveshown，isamyth(谬论)．Amoreaccurate22ofwhathappenswhenwetellourselveswearemultitaskingisthatwe’rerapidly23betweenactivities，suckingourmentalenergy.Andthe24canbesurprisinglyserious.Anexperimentfoundthatweloseasmanyas10IQpointswhenweallowourworktobe25bydistractionslikeemailsandtextmessages.The26isthatmultitaskingisenjoyable.It’sfuntosatisfyyourcuriosity.Whoknowswhatthatnextemailortextmessageholds27？Findingoutprovidesimmediatesatisfaction.28，resistingdistractionsandstayingontaskrequires29andmentaleffort.So，whatarewetodo?Ourstrategyistochangethe30tomovetemptationfurtheraway：shutdownyouremailprogramor31yourphone.It’saloteasiertostayontaskwhenyou’renot32fightingoffmentaldesires.Thealternative，whichmostofusconsidercommon，is33todietinginabakery.Weallneedthewillpowertoresistthetemptations，butdoingsocomeswith34coststoourlimitedsupplyofwillpower.Anotherworthwhile35istocollectsimilaractivitiestogether，keepingtransition(转换)timetoa36point.Insteadofspreadingphonecalls，meetingsandemailsthroughoutyourday，try37relatedtaskssothattherearefewertransitions.Insomejobs，multitaskingis38.Someofustrulydoneedtostay39toourclients，colleaguesandmanagers.Soit’sworthnotingthatlimitingdisruptionsistheonlysolution.Remember，themoreyoudotominimizetask-switchingoverthecourseoftheday，themoreabilityyou’llhaveforactivitiesthatactually40.Evensmallchangescanmakeabigdifference.语篇解读研究显示，当我们全神贯注于某一活动时，即便是小小的分心都会对活动的效果产生巨大的影响。21．A.initial B．personalC．inner D．ambitious答案A解析句意为：研究表明，在一次分心之后，我们想要再次获得干劲(专注于某一活动)，大约需要20分钟。根据句意可知，initial最初的，符合语境，即获得原来的干劲。22．A.plan B．accountC．prediction D．insight答案B解析句意为：当我们告诉自己正处于多重任务时，对于此时所发生的事情的一个更加确切的描述是，我们是在几项活动间不停地转换。account描述，叙述，符合语境。23．A.switching B．swingingC．swapping D．shuttling答案A解析参考上题解析。switch转换。24．A.benefits B．reasonsC．consequences D．challenges答案C解析根据本句中的“surprisinglyserious”以及后一句中的“loseasmanyas10IQpoints”可知，consequence结果，后果，符合语境，即这样做的后果有多么严重。25．A.guided B．changedC．adapted D．interrupted答案D解析句意为：研究发现，当我们的工作被分心打扰(中断)时，我们将损失多达10个点的IQ。interrupt打扰，打断，符合语境。26．A.advantage B．emphasisC．trouble D．practice答案C解析文章上一段讲到负面的影响，本段则介绍的是产生的原因，也就是具体的问题所在——为什么虽然有负面影响，人们还是乐此不疲？trouble问题，麻烦，符合语境。27．A.instock B．instoreC．incheck D．inpossession答案B解析句意为：谁知道下一封邮件或短信中会有什么内容呢？holdinstore蕴藏，符合语境。28．A.Asarule B．AsaresultC．Inshort D．Incontrast答案D解析根据上下文语境可知，前后句意相反，上一句说的是分心的情况，后一句则讲的是如何抵制分心。incontrast与此相反，相比之下。故选D。29．A.patience B．disciplineC．courage D．attention答案B解析句意为：要抵制分心的诱惑，并专注于我们的工作，需要自律(discipline)和内心的努力。故选B。30．A.expectation B．taskC．environment D．vision答案C解析根据冒号后面的内容可知，C项符合语境，即改变工作或学习环境。31．A.replace B．silenceC．answer D．pick答案B解析silence意为“使沉默，使静音”，符合语境，即将电话调成静音状态。32．A.continuously B．finallyC．passionately D．directly答案A解析句意为：当你不再需要持续击退内心的欲望时，专心于工作便会变得更加容易。continuously连续不断地，符合语境。33．A.similar B．relevantC．superior D．opposite答案A解析句意为：还有一个大多数人认为普通的选择，它和在面包店里节食相似。similar相似的，符合语境。34．A.affordable B．basicC．considerable D．modest答案C解析句意为：(尽管)我们需要抵制诱惑的意志力，但是这种做法(在面包店节食)会极大地消耗我们有限的意志力。considerable相当大的，符合语境。35．A.research B．aspectC．reaction D．approach答案D解析根据上下文可知，这里是在教我们集中注意力的方法(approach)，所以选D。上文的strategy亦是暗示。36．A.minimum B．maximumC．turning D．fixed答案A解析句意为：另一种方法是将相似的活动归类在一起完成，这样可以将不同活动之间切换的时间缩短到最小。minimum最小的，符合语境。37．A.analyzing B．groupingC．assigning D．undertaking答案B解析参考上题解析。group指“分类，归类”，符合语境，即将相关的工作分组归类。38．A.disturbing B．annoyingC．unavoidable D．unnecessary答案C解析根据下句可知，在有些工作中，多重任务是无法避免的。unavoidable不可避免的，符合语境。39．A.sympathetic B．loyalC．accustomed D．connected答案D解析句意为：我们中的一些人确实需要和我们的客户、同事和经理保持联系。connected有联系的，符合语境。40．A.matter B．functionC．work D．interfere答案A解析matter在这里是不及物动词，意为“重要，要紧”，符合语境，即你将有更多的能力去处理那些真正重要的事情。C(2017·盐城中学期中)Doyouknowhowdisciplinecanhelpyouachieveyourgoals？Doyouknowthatdisciplineisimportantto41？Whatisthepowerofdiscipline？Howtobecomedisciplined?Youmightthinkthatmanypeoplearenotselfdisciplined，42I’mgoingtoprovetoyouthatpeopleingeneralaredisciplined，but43，innon-beneficialways.Therearemanypeoplewhosmokedaily44thefactthatitisharmfuland45anditcouldkillthem.Suchpeoplearedisciplinedat46cigarettesandsmoking.Therearepeoplewhoaredisciplinedatdrinkinglotsofalcoholdaily.Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol.Doyou47whereIamgoingwiththis?Oneofmyfriendswhohasa48forrunningspendshalfanhoureverysinglemorningrunning.Whetheritissnowingorraining，shehastorun.Thisisthekindof49disciplinethatyouaresupposedto50andcreateinyourlife.Doyouknowsomeonewhoboughtabook，butdidn’tfinish51itforsomereason？Doyouknowsomeonewhodecidedtoimprovehis52andstarteatingmorevegetablesandfruit，butaftertwoweeks，he53？Theseareallexamplesof54ofdiscipline.Ifyouarenotdisciplined，thenyouwillhaveahardtimetogetyour55.AsImentionedinmybookTheUltimateGuidetoAchievingYourGoalsthatyoucouldknowwhatyouwant，56andtakeaction，butifyouarenotself-disciplined，youwill57giveup.Withdiscipline，youcanstartgettingupearlyinthemorning，exercise，and58yourselfofthenon-beneficialhabitssuchassmokingandeatingnon-healthyfood.Withdiscipline，youcanchangenegativehabitstopositivehabits.Withdiscipline，youcanjointhegymandstartworkingonhavinga59body.Doyouseewhatthe60ofdisciplinecando?AlwaysrememberwhatJimRohnsaid，“Onedisciplinealwaysleadstoanotherdiscipline.”语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了自律的力量及对人们的影响，呼吁人们要增强自律意识，改掉恶习，培养健康向上的生活习惯。41．A.wealth B．successC．fortune D．health答案B解析wealth财富；success成功；fortune命运；health健康。根据前一句“你知道自律如何帮助你实现你的目标吗？”可知，此处指自律对成功也是很重要的。故选B。42．A.for B．andC．or D．but答案D解析根据空前句意“你也许认为很多人不自律”和空后句意“我要证明给你看的是人们一般是有自律性的”可知，前后存在转折关系。故选D。43．A.unfortunately B．unwillinglyC．unnecessarily D．unexpectedly答案A解析unfortunately不幸地；unwillingly不情愿地；unnecessarily没必要地；unexpectedly意外地。根据下文列举的吸烟、喝酒的例子可推知，此处指“不幸的是，这些都是不好的例子”。故选A。44．A.besides B．despiteC．except D．without答案B解析besides除此之外(还有)；despite尽管；except除……之外；without没有。句意为：尽管吸烟有害健康是个事实，但是有很多人每天都吸烟。故选B。45．A.courageous B．disgustingC．dangerous D．forbidden答案C解析courageous勇敢的；disgusting令人厌恶的；dangerous危险的；forbidden被禁止的。此处顺承前文，与harmful对应，表示“吸烟是有害和危险的”。故选C。46．A.selling B．buyingC．getting D．consuming答案D解析sell卖；buy买；get得到；consume消耗。句意为：这种人在消耗香烟和吸烟方面是自律的。另外根据后文的“Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol.”可知，此处应使用consume。故选D。47．A.care B．seeC．feel D．mind答案B解析care关心；see看到，明白；feel感觉；mind介意。句意为：你明白我说这些要表达什么意思吗？故选B。48．A.passion B．giftC．respect D．reason答案A解析passion酷爱，激情；gift天赋；respect尊重；reason原因。根据下文的“Whetheritissnowingorraining，shehastorun.”可知，作者的一个朋友爱好每天早晨进行半个小时的晨跑。故选A。49．A.formal B．positiveC．negative D．religious答案B解析formal正式的；positive积极的；negative消极的；religious宗教的。此处与前文吸烟、喝酒的不良习惯形成对比，指的是一种积极的自律性。故选B。50．A.form B．learnC．follow