初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业Unit1PlaySports【考点解析】Topic1Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?SectionA1．WearegoingtohaveabasketballgameagainstClassThree．against表示“对着：反对；靠着”2．cheersb．on为……加油，鼓劲3．win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。(1)win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。(2)beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。agameateamwin+事物awarbeat+对手anationaprizeanapponent(对手)4．prefer宁愿，更喜欢(1)preferdoingsth．todoingsth．跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefersb．／sth．tosb.／sth．跟某人／某物比较起来更喜欢人／某物(2)prefertodosth．(rather)thandosth．跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事(3)prefertodosth．更喜欢做某事5．join／takepartin(1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员(2)joinsb．(indoingsth．)和某人一起(做某事)(3)joinin=takepart，in参加某项活动SectionB1．playforateam为某队效力bein／ontheteam在某队打球2．dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。e．g．mydreamjob也可作动词dreamof／aboutsth.／doingsth．3．“oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最……之一”。4．breaktherecord打破记录5．inthe2008BeijingOlympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在……比赛中”用ine．g．intherace／inthebasketballgame6．giveup放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。e．g．giveitup，giveupdoingsth．放弃做某事。7．WhataShame=Whatapity真遗憾!SectionC1．spend／cost／pay／take(1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间／精力／财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。(2)cost主要指花费金钱／时间／劳力／精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sth．costssb…．(3)paysb，酬谢某人，pay…for…可等同于spend…on…，或用cost作同义句转换。(4)take一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。2．doexercise=playsports做运动，锻炼3．Therebe句型的将来时结构为Thereis／aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。4．thehighjump跳高thelongjump跳远5．Sure(1)besurethat+从句e．g．Iamsurethatheisright．(2)sb．besuretodosth．某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。(3)besureof／aboutsth．／doingsth．“确信”，表示主语对……有把握。(4)用在祈使句里Besure(not)todosth．一定(不)做某事e．g．Besuretocomehereearly．6．make的用法。(1)makesb．dosth．使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。(2)“makesb．／sth．+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。(3)makesth．forsb．—makesb．sth．为某人制作……7．begoodfor“对……有益”，反义词组是bebadfor“对……有害”。8．keephealthy=keepfit保持健康SectionD1．playagainst跟……进行比赛playwith／playagainst／playforplaywith玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与……玩耍。playagainst同……比赛。playfor为……效力。2．leave…for…离开某地去某地leavefor=setofffor出发去某地．3．一般将来时(1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，lateron，nexttime(week，month，year，Sunday…)等。(2)结构为begoingtodosth．或willdosth．。Therebe句型的将来时结构为Thereis／aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出现表示“有”的have／has。(3)表示位置移动的动词go,come，leave，fly，start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。【例19】(10年河北中考)Thisterm________over．Thesummervacationiscomingintwoweeks．A．isB．wasC．hasbeenD．willbe【例20】(10年重庆中考)Ifyou___________tothe2010ShanghaiExponextweek，Iwillgowithyou．A．goB．hasgoneC．willgoD．aregoing【考点解析】Topic2Wouldyoumindpassingmesomewater?SectionA1．would／could／willyou(please)dosth．“请你做……好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是would／could／willyou(please)notdosth．。e．g．Wouldyoupleasenotplaythepianoloudly?2．fallill“生病”，beill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feelill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。falldown摔倒，跌倒。3．mind的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mindsb．／sth．／doingsth．对wouldyoumindsb．／sb．'sdoingsth．及“wouldyoumindif+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意”，可用Yes，you'dbetternot．／IamsorrybutIdo．如果表达“不会介意”，可用No，notatall．／Nevermind．／Itdoesn'tmatter．／No，ofcoursenot．(2)用于提出建议。Wouldyouminddoingsth．／wouldyoumindnotdoingsth?对Wouldyouminddoingsth．的回答可以用Ofcoursenot，Iwilldoitrightaway．／Sorry．Iwilldoitrightaway．对wouldyoumindnotdoingsth．的回答可以用Sorry，Iwon'tdoitagain．／I'msorryaboutthat．(4)作名词，“思想”。setone'smindtodosth．／onsth．专注于做某事4．beglad／happytodosth．乐意做某事5．practicesth．／doingsth．练习做某事SectionB1．bealwaysdoingsth．老是……，含有抱怨的感情色彩。2．careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully．3．chance机会haveachancetodosth．有机会做某事getachancetodosth．得到一个机会做某事4．Whatdoyoumeanbysth．／doingsth．?=What'sthemeaningofsth．／doingsth．?5．shoutatsb．朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shouttosb．朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。6．fightwithsb．=haveafightwithsb．与某人打架7．beangrywithsb．意为“生某人的气”，如：【链接】(1)beangryat对某人的言行感到气愤，(2)beangryaboutsth.对某事感到生气，如：8．doone'sbesttodosth．=trytodosth．尽力做某事9．saysorry／hello／goodbyetosb．向某人道歉／问候，／道10．be／feelsorryfor／todo为……而抱歉(难过)11．keep的用法(1)keepsb．doingsth．使某人一直做某事(2)“keepsb．／sth．+宾补+adj．”使某人／某物处于某种状态(3)“keepsb．／sth．+宾补+adv．”使某人／某物处于某种状态(4)keepdoingsth．继续不断做某事e．(5)“keep+表语”，表示保持／继续(处于某种状态)e．g．keepfit／healthy(6)赡养e．g．Myfatherkeepsabigfamily．(7)保存，保留e．g．HowlongcanIkeepthebook?12．turndown调低音量turnup调高音量turnon打开turnoff关上注意代词都要放在中间。【分析比较】turnon“打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”turnoff“关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”。turnup“开大，调高”。turndown“减少，关小”13．inaminute／rightaway／atonce立刻，马上14．对sorry的回答可以是That'sOK(allright)．／Itdoesn'tmatter．／Nevermind．／NotatallSectionC1．lovedoing／todosth．喜欢做某事2．exciting／excitedexciting指使人感到兴奋的事excited是指人对……感到兴奋3．aswell／too／also／either／so／neither(1)too／aswell表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。e．g．Tomisastudent；Jackisastudent，too／aswell．(2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。(3)在否定句中，都要改为either。(4)so表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语”。e．g．Katewentshoppingyesterday；Tomwentshopping，too／aswell(sodidTom)．(5)neither表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语”。e．g。Katedidn'tgoshoppingyesterday；Tomdidn'tgoshopping，either(NeitherdidTom)．4．sothat引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了”。从句的谓语动词要用may，can，should，could等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于inorderthat，可以改成inordertodo句型。e．g．Let'stakethefrontseatssothat／inorderthatwemayseemoreclearly．=Let'stakethefrontseatsinordertoseemoreclearly．6．other／others／another／theother／theothersother作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。e．g．otherstudentsothers(1)别人e．g．Youmustbepolitetoothers．(2)“其他的人或物”，指在一个范围之内，除去一部分后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语some…others中。e.g．Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom，somearereading，somearewriting，othersaretalking．another(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个”。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jackhasboughtanotherpen．(2)别的，不同的。Idon'tlikethisshirt．Pleaseshowmeanotherone．(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。“再多一些”，在原来的基础上再加一些。one…theother两者之间一个……另一个……SectionD1．连接时间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前”，用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago”e．g．twodaysago(2)“before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。e．g．Theywillbeherebefore7：00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。e．g．WewillgettoBeijinginthreedays．(4)“after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。e．g．Weoftenplayfootballafter5：00intheafternoon．“after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。e．g．Hecamebackafterfourdays．2．instead副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独使用时放句末。insteadofsth．／doingsth.取代／而不是……3．buildsb．up使某人更强壮4．havefundoingsth．做某事很愉快(1)havefun=enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心，过得快乐(2)havefunwithab.与某人共度快乐时光(3)Havefun／Enjoyyourself／Haveagoodtime等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。Topic3Whichsportwillyoutakepartin?SectionA1．thesportsmeet／meeting运动会theboys'800一meterrace男子800米赛跑thelongjump跳远thehighjump跳高therelayrace接力赛跑2．It'sthe／one'sfirst／second／…timetodosth．3．makefriendswithsb．与某人交朋友。注意friends要用复数形式。4．bereadyforsth．为某事而准备。5．maybe／maybemaybe=perhaps副词，“也许，大概”。e．g．Maybeheisatthebusstationnow．maybe是情态动词may后接动词原形be，SectionBl.打电话问对方是某人时，可以问Isthat…(speaking)?回答可以是Yes，who'sthat?／Speaking．问对方是谁时用Whoisthat?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说Thisis…(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该说Hello，mayIspeaktosb．?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说speaking。2．Let'smakeithalfpastsix．让我们定在六点半吧。makeit(1)指约定时间e．g．Let'smakeitat6：30．(2)办成，做到(打算或希望做的事)3．pass动词，“传递”。passsb．sth．=passsth．tosb．把某物传给某人。e．g．Wouldyoupleasepassmethebook?“经过”。e．g．Shewasthefirstonetopassthefinishingline．passby…“经过(某地)”。past可作副词或介词，“在……旁经过”。e．g．Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtotalkwithme．【例6】(09年新疆中考)—Didyouseetheaccidentyesterday?—Yes．IthappenedwhenIthemuseum．A．walkedpassB．waswalkingpastC．walkpastD．waswalkingpass【例7】Weneed_______________________(再加两个人)todothework．4．congratulations．祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时，我们可以对他说：Congratulations!【例8】(10年广东中考)—Yesterday1wonthefirstplaceinthe100-meterrace．—Really?________!A．CongratulationsB．NevermindC．That'sallrightD．I'msorrytohearthat5．takephotos／pictures照相e．g．Look，lotsofstudentsaretakingphotosofthebeautifulflowers．【例9】(10年兰州中考)—whatareonshowinthemuseum?—Somephotos________bythechildrenofYushu，Qinghai．A．havebeentakenB．weretakenC．aretakenD．takenSectionC1．hold／haveasportsmeet举行运动会2．begoodatsth／doingsth．=dowellinsth／doingsth．擅长(做)某事dobadlyinsth．／doingsth．在某方面做得糟糕【例10】Hisfatherisgoodatmakingmodelplanes．(同义句改写)Hisfather____________________________modelplanes．3．encouragesb．todosth．鼓励某人做某事。【例11】Myfatheroftenencouragesme________(study)hard．4．takeexercise=dosports做运动。其中exercise是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。e．g．domorningexercises做早操【例12】(10年陕西中考)—whatdoyouthinkofthe________?—Ithinktheyaregoodforoureyes．Weshoulddothemoften．A．eyesexerciseB．eyeexerciseC．eyeexercises5．beableto和can(1)表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。e.g.Icouldrideabikeattheageof8.=Iwasabletorideabikeattheageof8.我八岁时就会骑自行车了。(2)beableto有人称时态及数的变化，而can只有过去式could.e.g.Wewillbeabletomakeitin2010.到2010年我们就可以做到了。(3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用can。e.g.Theboycan’tbeMike，heleftforParisyesterday.那个男孩不可能是Mike.，他昨天去巴黎了。【例13】Jack'sfather______________________(能)swimwhenhewasfiveyearsold．【例】—CouldIuseyourdictionary?—Yes，you__________.A．canB．couldC．needD．should6．dosth．forthefirst／second／…time．第一／二／……次做某事e．g．Wetookpartintheschoolsportsmeetforthesecondtimelastyear．【例14】ChinatookpartintheOlympicsthefirsttimein1951．A．atB．forC．toD．on7．more“更多……”，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是less，“更少”，接不可数名词。fewer“更少”，接可数名词复数。【例15】(10年黄冈中考)—What'sthelow-carbonlifestylelike?—Save_______energy，produce_______carbon．A．more；moreB．less；moreC．less；lessD．more；lessSectionD1．standfor代表e．g．RedstandsforgoodluckinChina．【例16】(08年龙岩中考)TheTangcostume_______________(代表)Chinesehistoryandfashionculture．2．atleast=aslittleas至少，反义词是atmost=asmuchas至多。【例17】Thispairofshoescosts________________(至少)200yuan．【例18】(10年成都中考)ThefoodIcookisn'tdelicious，but_______Icanlookaftermyself．A．atfirstB．atlastC．atleast【习题精练】Ⅱ．单项选择1．(10年杭州中考)—Wouldyouliketohave_______chicken?—No，thanks．It'sdelicious，butI'vehadenough．A．someotherB．somemoreC．anothersome2．(10年长沙中考)Iamsureyouwill________yourclassmatesifyouarekindandfriendlytothem．A．catchupwithB．agreewithC．getonbadlywithD．makefriendswith3．(10年安徽中考)—ItseemsthatAliceneverwantstodoanythingexceptdrawpictures．—Right．That'swhatshelikestodo________．A．moreB．lestC．mostD．least4．(10年十堰中考)—WhereisJeff?—I'mnotsure．He______playingfootballontheplayground．A．maybeB．maybeC．canbeD．mustbe5．(10年安徽中考)Bobpromisesto________thefootballmatchunlesshehastohelphisparentsonthefarm．A．joinB．joininC．takepartto6．(10年山西中考)—Englishisdifficultforme．HowcanIimproveit?—Don'tloseyourconfidence．Ibelieveyouwill______itifyoukeeptrying．A．takeB．workC．pickD．make7．(09年山西中考)—Isitpolitetospeakandlaughloudly_____?—No，Idon'tthinkso．A.inpublicB．atleastC．ontime8．(09年新疆中考)—Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?—Yes，Wewereall______aboutthe________match．A．exciting；excitedB．exciting；excitingC．excited；excitedD．excited；exciting9．(09年广州中考)Haveyou_________yournewclassmatesyet?A．hadfriendswithB．madefriendwithC．gotfriendtoD．madefriendswith10．(09年宁德中考)Icalledyouyesterday，butnobody________thephone．A．checkedB．repairedC．answered11．(09年天门中考)—whydoyoulikethatscarfsomuch?—BecauseIthinkitcan__________megoodluck．A．fetchB．bringC．passD．take12．(09年潍坊中考)LiuQian，asalittleboy，wasso_________hisownmagicworldthatheseldomwentouttoplaywithotherchildren．A．goodatB．madaboutC．popularwithD．afraidof13．(09年福州中考)—WewillbuildasubwayinFuzhoubefore2014．—Wow，________!Willitpassourplace?A．whatanexcitednewsB．howexcitedthenewsisC．whatexcitingnewsD．howexcitingnews14．(08年南通中考)—Hello!MayIspeaktoMr．Smith?—__________，please．Heisansweringanothercallrightnow．A．GoonB．ComeonC．KeeponD．Holdon15．(07年厦门中考)Doctorsoftensuggest，“________vegetablesandmeatcanhelpyoukeepfit”．A．More；lessB．Few；muchC．Fewer；moreUnit2KeepingHealthy【考点解析】Topic1You'dbettergotoseeadoctorSectionA1．what'swrongwithsb．／sth．=what’sthematterwithsb．／sth．2．haveacold患感冒，have后可跟表示疾病的词语。用来表示“患……疾病”。e．g．haveaheadache／theflu【例1】Youlooksopaleonyourface，doyou___________________(患感冒)?3．should／shouldn't情态动词“应该／不应该”e．g．ShouldIdosth．?Yes，youshould．／No，youshouldn't．／No，youneedn't．【例2】(10年江西中考)—Howwastheyouthclublastnight，Mark?—Itwasgreatfun．You________come．A．mustB．canC．shouldD．may以下是我们所学过的情态动词：(1)can能／会，can't不能／不允许，过去式could，couldn't。e．g．CanIdosth．?Yes，youcan／No，youcan't．(2)need“需要”，作为情态动词时无人称和时态的变化，多用于疑问句或否定句中。e．g．NeedIdosth．?Yes，youmust／haveto．No，youneedn't／don'thaveto．(3)must必须，mustn’t表示“禁止”。e．g．MustIdosth．?Yes，youmust．No，youneedn't／don'thaveto．(4)may“可以／能够”，无否定形式。MayIdosth．?Yes，youmay／can．No，youcan't．【例3】(10年福州中考)—Dad，mustIdomyhomeworknow?—No．You________playgameswithyourfriendsforalittlewhile．A．wouldB．needn'tC．may4．takea(good)rest／havea(good)rest(好好)休息【例4】Afterawholeday'swork，wewantto____________________(休息一下)．5．英语中表示疾病的名词或词组大多可以采取“身体部位名词+ache”或“sore+身体部位名词”来表达。e．g．head—headachestomach—stomachacheback—backachetooth—toothacheear—earacheknee—sorekneethroat—sorethroateye—soreeyefoot—sorefoot【例5】(09年潜江中考)—hehavea________．Ican'teatanything．—Maybeyoushouldseeadentist．A．coldB．feverC．headacheD．toothache6．Plentyof意思是“大量的”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。一般用在肯定句中，否定句或疑问句中改为enough或many(much)。e．g．Thereisplentyoftimeleft．Isthereenoughtimeleft?【例6】(10年山西中考)Theyhave______timetodothat，butwedon'thave________moneyforit．A．plentyof；someB．1ittle；fewC．plentyof；enoughD．alotof；lotsof【考点链接】alotof／plentyof／anumberof(1)Thereare________peopleintheparkonSundays．(2)Youshoulddrink________water，andhaveagoodrest．【分析比较】alotof：lotsof表示“大量的，许多”。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。plentyof与alotof同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。anumberof表示“许多，大量的”，修饰可数名词。故(1)三者都可以用。而(2)填alotof和plentyof都可以。7．boiledwater开水boilingwater在开的水【例7】—Isthereany________(开水)inthepot?—No，thereisn't．SectionB1．我们所学过的系动词有look，seem，feel，sound，get，be，smell，touch等，他们后面都可以接形容词作表语，构成系表结构。e．g．feelhappy，soundgreat，smellterrible而实意动词后面是用副词去修饰。e．g．singhappily，stepquietly．【例8】(10年漳州中考)—Themeat_________delicious．Ican'twaittoeatit．A．smellsB．tastesC．sounds2．hadbetter(not)dosth．最好(不要)做某事【例9】(07年泉州中考)—Myfatherdranktoomuchlastnight，hefeelssicknow．—He'dbetter________somuch．It'sbadforhishealth．A．nottodrinkB．drinkingC．notdrink3．take(1)“吃／喝”，有时可以用have替换。e．g．takesomefood／takeacupoftea(2)服(药)takesomemedicine(3)“takesth．／sb．to+地点”把某物／某人带到某地去，而bring是带到说话的地方来。e．g．I'lltakemydaughtertothezoothisSunday．(4)乘／搭(交通工具)e．g．Youshouldtakeabustothepark．(5)花费(时间，劳力)常用于句型：Ittakessb．sometimetodosth．e．g．Ittakesusonehourtodoourhomeworkeveryday．(6)买。e．g．Iwilltakeit．(7)“做”，和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作。e．g．takeawalk／takephotos【例10】(10年鸡西中考)—Howlongdoesittakeyourfather________toworkeveryday．—Abouthalfanhour．A．drivesB．drivingC．todrive4．feellikesth．／doingsth．=wouldlikesth．／todosth．=wantsth．／todosth．想要某东西／做某事e．g．Hedidn'tfeellikegoingtoschool．【例11】Katedidn'tfeellike________(eat)becausehewasnotwell．5．dayandnight日日夜夜地e．g．Theyworkdayandnight．6．toomany“太多”，接可数名词的复数形式。toomuch“太多”，接不可数名词。Muchtoo“太……”，接形容词或副词。【例12】(08年青岛中考)Thesedayschildrenatschoolareunder_______pressurethattheydon'thaveenoughtimetoplayorexercise．A．muchtooB．toomuchC．somanyD．toomany【考点链接】toomuch／muchto／toomany(1)Thereave_______mistakesinthepassage．(2)Eating______candyisbadforyourteeth．(3)Theproblemis_______easyforthem．【分析比较】toomany“太多”，用于修饰名词复数。(1)题意为“这篇文章里有太多错误”。mistakes是名词复数，故填toomany。toomuch修饰不可数名词。candy在此作不可数名词。故(2)填toomuch。muchtoo“太……”，常用于修饰副词或形容词。(3)题意为“这个问题对于他们来说太简单了”，easy是形容词，故填muchtoo。SectionC1．hurtvt．使疼痛／损伤e．g．Mikehurthislegbadlywhenhefell．vi．疼痛e．g．Myheadhurtstoday，Iwon'tgotoschool．2．show(1)指“把……给某人看”showsb．sth．=showsth．tosb．e．g．Pleaseshowmeyourphotos．=Pleaseshowyourphotostome．(2)指“说明，表明，证明”e．g．Heshowedthatitwastrue．(3)名词，指“展览会”e．g．acarshow【例13】—Willyoupleaseshowyournewpaintingtome?(同意句转换)—Willyouplease________yournewpainting?3．nothingserious“没什么严重的”，注意形容词或不定式修饰不定代词时都要后置。【例14】Thereis________intoday’smagazine．A．newsomethingB．nothingnewC．newnothingD．anythingnew4．checkover“给……做体检，给……做健康检查”，代词要放在中间。5．each和every都表示“每一”，后接单数名词。each指两个或两个以上中的“每一个”，可用作形容词或代词。而every是指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。只用作形容词。不可以说everyof。e．g．Everyboywasthereandeachdidhispart．each(1)可用作形容词，指“各自的，每一的”。e．g．oneachsideofthestreet．(2)用作代词，指“各自，每一”。【例15】Eachofthemhasanewhat．(同意句改写)They_______________anewhat．6．Sb.haveanaccident某人发生了一场事故【例16】(09年福州中考)—Excuseme，couldyoutellme________?—Sorry，sir．Iwasn'tthereatthattime．A．howdidtheaccidenthappenB．howtheaccidenthappenedC．howdoestheaccidenthappenD．howtheaccidenthappens7．ask(sb.)forsth.“请求、恳求（给予）、征求”，如：Whydon’tyouaskhimforsomeadvice?你为什莫不征求他的意见？Jackisaskingforajob.杰克正在求职。【链接】askfor…leave请假（多长时间），此时，leave在这里是名词，是“假期、休假”的意思。SectionD1．Thanks／Thankyouforsth．／doingsth．谢谢你……【例17】(08年莆田中考)—Thankyouforthedeliciousfood．—_________．A．Don'tsaythatB．It'snothingC．I'mgladyouenjoyedit2．not…until直到……才e．g．Shedidn'tstoptalkinguntilourteachercame．=Shedidn'tstoptalkingbeforeourteachercame．=Shestoppedtalkingafterourteachercame．【例18】(10年漳州中考)—It'sgettinglate，Imustgonow．—It'srainingheavilyoutside．Don'tleave________itstops．A．afterB．whenC．until3．worryaboutsth．／sb．=beworriedaboutsth．／sb．担心某物或某人4．I'msorrytohearthatbothyouandyoursisteraresick．both…and………和……都，既……又……。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。both两者都。all三者或三者以上都。either两者之一。neither两者都不。none三者或三者都不。either…or…或者……或者……。neither…nor…既不……也不……。notonly…butalso…不仅……而且……。e．g．IlikebothEnglishandChinese．／Neithermathnormusicinterestsme．其中either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…连接主语时谓语遵循就近原则。e．g．NeitherhenorIamastudent．【例19】Mrs.TurnerhasboughtaCDplayerasapresent，but_______herson_______herdaughterlikesit．A．either；orB．notonly；butalsoC．both；andD．neither；nor【例20】Thoughourmathteachersaidthatwasn’tadifficultproblem，________ofthestudentsinmyclasscouldworkitout．A．bothB．allC．neitherD．none【习题精练】Ⅱ．单项选择1．(10年上海中考)—CanIwearanyclothesIliketoschool．—No，youcan't!You______wearauniform．A．mightB．mustC．whomD．which2．(10年上海中考)Isthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooks_______inthepinkdress．A．lovelyB．quietlyC．politelyD．happily3．(10年兰州中考)Howmuchdoestheticket_______fromShanghaitoBeijing?A．costB．takeC．spendD．pay4．(10年江西中考)—Doyouknowthewaytothepostoffice?—Yes，followmeandI'll_________you．A．callB．pickC.showD．invite5．(10年上海中考)Wewillhavenowatertodrink________wedon'tprotecttheearth．A．untilB．beforeC．thoughD．if6．(10年南京中考)—I'mveryworriedabouttomorrow'smathstest．IamafraidIcan'tpassthistime．—_______!I'msureyou'llmakeit．A．NoproblemB．Don'tworryC．That'srightD．Don'tmentionit7．(10年三明中考)—whotakeyoutothenewschool，yourdadoryoumom?—__________．Iwenttherealone．A．EitherB．BothC．Neither8．(09年漳州中考)Theyellowcoat________beLinda'sbecausenobodylikesyellowexcepther．A．can’tB．canC．mustn'tD．must9．(09年泉州中考)—whoisplayingthepianointhenextroom?Themusic________sobeautiful!—It'smysister，Kate．A．soundsB．hearsC．listens10．(09年龙岩中考)—CanItakethisseat?—_______．It'sforourteacher，Mr．Li．A．OfcourseB．You'dbetternotC．Yes，please11．(09年广东中考)Theoldmanisillandhedoesn’tfeellike________．A．toeatsomethingB．toeatanythingC．eatingsomethingD．eatinganything12．(09年莆田中考)—Hishobbyis_____watchingTV______playingthepiano．—It'sreadingbooks．A．either；orB．both；andC．neither；nor13．(09年新疆中考)—How_________themedicinetastes!—Yes．Butthemedicinewillreallyworksoonafteryoutakeit．A．terribleB．deliciousC．sweetD．nice14．(09年广州中考)Don'tworry．Allthechildren_________bythenurses．A．arewelltakencareofB．takegoodcareofC．aretakengoodcareofD．takegoodcare15．(08年福州中考)—whatanicemodelship!—Thankyou．It_________methreedaystomake.A．paidB．spentC．tookD．wasted【考点解析】Topic2Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking．SectionA1．Iamsorrytohearthat．听到这我感到很难过。这是表示同情的一种说法。当你听到别人不幸的事情时，应说此句用来表示你的同情。【例1】—Jim，I’mafraidIcan’tgotoyourpartytonight．Mygrandmaisill.—____________A．I'msorrytohearthatB．That’sallrightC．ShehastostayinbedD．Don’tworry2．onTV／thephone“(通过)电视／电话”，或直接译成“在电视上／电话上”。【例2】(10年昆明中考)—I'mgoingtobuysomebooks．Willyoucomewithme?—Whynotshop________theInternet?It'smuchcheaperandmoreconvenient．A．onB．inC．atD．with3．Isee．我明白了。此句为口语，在这里see指“明白，理解”之意。e．g．Hisyoungerbrotherdidn'tseethemeaningofthestory．4．stayuplate(doingsth．)熬夜(做某事)【例3】Hisfatheroftenstaysuplate________(watch)soccergames．【例4】Don’t________verylate．YouhavetogetupearlynextmorningA．stayupB．getupC．cutupD．giveup5．haveabadcold=haveaterriblecold患严重感冒【例5】—What'swrongwithyou，youngboy?—I'mfeelingterrible，maybeIhavea_______．A．badlycoldB．muchcoldC．difficultcold6．without介词，没有。withoutsth．／doingsth．反义词是with【例6】Ican’tpasstheexam________yourhelp．A．withB．withoutC．don’thaveD．nothaveSectionB1．relax放松。relaxsb．／oneself放松某人(某人自己)。e．g．Listeningtomusiccanrelaxyou．relaxed可用作形容词，“使人感到放松的”。【例7】(10年南充中考)一ourEnglishteacherisalwaysvery_________andmakesusfeel________．A．kind；relaxedB．kind；relaxingC．strict；torelax2．giveup“放弃”，代词放在中间。e．g．giveitupgiveupdoingsth．放弃做某事【例8】Don’t_________．Workhardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A．giveupB．putupC．growupD．lookup3．throwabout“乱扔”，代词放中间。【例9】Wecan't______________(乱扔)litter．Weshouldkeepourschoolclean．4．litter作动词，意思与throwabout相当。e．g．Don'tlitterthegroundwithpaper．作不可数名词时，指“垃圾，废物”。e．g．Youmustn'tthrowaboutlitter．5．enough作形容词时修饰名词，置于名词的前后均可。如：Doyouhaveenoughmoney?你有足够的钱吗？【链接】(1)enough作副词时，修饰形容词或副词，应置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后，如：Sheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小了，还不能上学。(2)enough作代词，意为“足够的东西”，如：Ihaveenoughtodo.我要做的事够多了。【口诀】enough一词的位置，出“名”在前，幸福“（形”“副”）在后。【例10】(10年南充中考)—Doesthechildneedanyhelp?—No．Sheis________todressherself．A．enougholdB．youngenoughC．oldenough6．It's+adj．(for／ofsb．)todosth．(对某人来说)做某事是……，用for指做这件事情是怎么样的，e．g．It'sdifficultforhimtogettothebank．用of时，前面的形容词是指这个人的性格特征。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme．【例11】It'snice________Andy_______mewithmyEnglishstudy．A．at；tohelpB．of；tohelpC．with；helpD．of；help【例12】(10年沈阳中考)Mybrotheristwometresinheight，It'sverydifficulttofindclothesbigenough________him．A．aboutB．atC．withD．forSectionC1．may有两种含义，一种表示请求允许，译成“可以”。e．g．MayIcomeinnow?一种表示推测，译成“可能”。e．g．Hemaybeagoodteacher．／Shemaygotoworktomorrow．表示推测，译成“可能”的还有must／might。must是比较有根据的推测，把握性最强。e．g.Thatmustbehisbike．Hisisblack．might表示推测的把握性比may更弱。e．g．Youmightgetaheadachewhenyouworktoohard．否定句中表示推测只能用can't。e．g．Themanintheroomcan'tbehim．HehasgonetoBeijing．【例13】(10年三明中考)—Whosejacketisthis?—It_______bewuLei's．Isawhimwearitjustnow．A．can'tB．mustC．may【例14】(10年河南中考)—It'ssuchalongway!WhatshallIdo?—You_______takemycarifyouwant.A．willB．mustC．may2．human的复数是humans3．work(1)作名词时是不可数名词，“工作”。e．g．Wehavemuchworktodotoday．(2)作动词，“上班，工作”。e．g．Sheoftenworkslate．(3)作动词，表示“取得成效”。Ithinkthethoughtwillworkwell．(4)作动词，表示“运转，工作”。e．g．MyTVsetdoesn'twork．【例15】(10年青岛中考)Hemayleavenow，becausethereis________workforhimtodo．A．alittleB．someC．noD．any4．through／across／cross／pastacross的含义与on有关，表示某一动作是在某一物体的平面上进行，其意思是“横过”。e．g．Wewalkacrosstheroad．cross=goacrosscross是动词，而across是介词。through的含义与in有关，表示动作发生在立体空间，是从内部穿过。e．g．Hewalkedthroughtheforest／village．past可作副词或介词，“在……旁经过”。e．g．Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtospeak．【考点链接】cross／across／through／past(1)Lookbothwaysbeforeyou________theroad．(2)Hewalked_________thefield．(3)Theballwentflying_________thewindow．(4)Studysome________exampapertogetanideaofthequestions．【分析比较】四者都有“经过，通过”的意思，但词性和用法不同。cross意为“横过，穿过，越过，渡过”，为动词，相当于walk(go，run)across，故(1)填cross。across意为“横过，穿过”，为介词，不作动词，不能作谓语，常放在动词之后，如：goacross，walkacross等。故(2)填across。另外，表示游渡，乘船过海或过河时用across。through是介词，含有“从……中间穿越”之意，表示四周含有物体的穿越。故(3)填through。试比较：Theroadrunsacrosstheplain．一条路横过平原。Theriverflowsthroughthecity．这条河从城市穿过。past既可作副词也可作形容词，作副词时有“穿越，经过”之意。如：Willyougopastmyhouseonyourwayhome?你回家的路上会经过我家吗?作形容词时有“以前的，刚过去的”之意，如：Inthepastyear，Shanechangedjobs3times．在