备战 高考复习模考题速练-说明文阅读强化训练

备战高考复习模考题速练——说明文阅读PassageAWiththeirtinybrainsandexcellentabilitytomemorizenectar（花蜜）locations，honeybeesareafavoritemodelorganismforstudyinglearningandmemory.Suchresearchhasindicatedthattoformlong-termmemories-onesthatlastadayormore-theinsectsneedtorepeatatrainingexperienceatleastthreetimes.Bycontrast,short-andmid-termmemoriesthatlastsecondstominutesandminutestohours,respectively,needonlyasinglelearningexperience.Exceptionstothisrulehavebeenobserved,however.Forexample,insomestudies,beesformedlong-lastingmemoriesafterasinglelearningevent.Suchresultsareoftenregardedascircumstantialanomalies（反常现象），saysMartinGiurfaoftheUniversityofToulouse.Buttheanomalousfindings，togetherwithresearchshowingthatfruitfliesandantscanformlong-termmemoriesaftersingleexperiences,arousedGiurfa'scuriosity.Wasitpossiblethathoneybeescouldreliablydothesame?Giurfareasonedthattheabilitytoformlong-termmemoriesmightdependontheparticulartypeofbeeandtheexperience.Withinahoneybeecolony,therearenurses,whocleanthehiveandfeedtheyoung；guards，whopatrolandprotectthehive；andforagers（觅食蜂），whosearchfornectar.Whilepreviousstudieshavetestedbeesasawhole,Giurfaandhiscolleaguesfocusedonforagers,taskingthemwithrememberinganexperiencerelevanttotheirrole：anodor（气味）associatedwithasugaryreward.Theresearchersobservedthatasingleexposuretoareward-pairedodorwasenoughformostforagerbeestorememberthatspecificodorthefollowingday.Manyforagerscouldevenremembertheodorthreedayslater.Theresultsdonotmeanthatallpriorresearchwaswrong,saysAndréFialaoftheUniversityofGöttingen.“Peoplehavedonetheexperimentsinadifferentway.”Still,thenewresultsdoshowthat“thecommonlyheldbeliefthatoneneedsmultipletrainingtrialstoachievelong-termmemoryisnotalwaystrue,”hesays,andthis“reallyadvancesthefield."1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusthroughParagraph1?A.Amodelformemoryresearch. B.Theclassificationofmemories.C.Newresearchonlearningandmemory. D.Previousfindingsonmemoryformation.2.Whichfactormightinfluenceabee'smemoryofanexperience,accordingtoGiurfa'sresearch?A.Whetherthebee'sroleisrelated. B.Whetherthebeeisintroducedornative.C.Howoftenthebeerepeatstheexperience. D.Howlongthebeeisexposedtothereward.3.WhatisAndréFiala'sattitudetowardsthenewresults?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Intolerant. D.Unclear.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LearningandMemory:HowHoneybeesRememberB.HoneybeeMemory:HoneybeeKnowsWhattoDoC.HoneybeesRememberafterJustOneLessonD.HoneybeesUseMemoryforCommunicationPassageBThecold,wetweatherofwinteroftenputsoutanywildfiresthatarestillburning.ButnotinthefarNorthareas,suchasAlaska,Canada,andotherpartsofNorthAmerica.Someforestfiresjustdon'tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies":Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021，scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbecomemorecommonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear'sfire,"explainsRebeccaScholten.ShestudiesEarthandenvironmentalsciencesatVrijeUniversityAmsterdamintheNetherlands.Thenewfiresmadescientistswonderhowoftenfiresmightsurvivethewinter.Thescientistsstartedbycombingthroughfirefighterreports.ThentheycomparedthesewithsatelliteimagesofAlaskaandnorthernCanada.Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.Theyalsofocusedonblazesstartingbeforethemiddleofsummer.Randomlightningorhumanactionssparkmostfiresinthearea,Scholtensays.Butthosefireshappenlaterintheyear.Zombiefirescausedlessthan1percentofthetotalareaburnedbyfiresfrom2002to2018.Butitchangedfromyeartoyear.Take2008，forexample.AzombiefireburnedAlaskathatyear.Itcausedalmostone-thirdoffiredamagethatyear.Oneclearpatternemerged:Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.Thezombiefirethreatcouldgrow.Theclimateiswarming.ForestsinthefarNorthalreadyarewarmingfaster.“We'reseeingmorehotsummersandmorelargefiresandintenseburning,'’Scholtensays.Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.Scholten'sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.1.Whatmayleadtozombiefiresaccordingtothepassage?A.wetweatherB.hottersummersC.lowtemperaturesD.coldwinters2.WhatcanwelearnaboutzombiefiresfromParagraph2?A.Changingclimateplaysaroleinthezombiefirethreat.B.Itisoflittleusecomparingfirefighterreportswithsatelliteimages.C.Whereflamesbrokeoutprovidedtheclue.D.Zombiefiresarelesslikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.3.Whatconclusionwillbepossiblymadebasedonthelastparagraph?A.Firefighterscannotdomuchtostopthezombiefires.B.Westillhavemuchtolearnaboutthewarmingclimate.C.Itisimportanttounderstandzombiefires.D.Zombiefiresarelikelytogetmuchbetter.4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.“Zombie"wildfiresdogreatdamagetolandB.“Zombie"wildfiressparkedbyhumanactionsC.“Zombie"wildfiresreleasegreenhousegasesD.“Zombie"wildfiresreappearafterwinteringundergroundPassageCShiningjust12light-yearsfromEarth,thestarTauCetisoresemblesthesunthatithasappearedinnumerousscience-fictionstoriesandwasthefirststarastronomerseversearchedforsignsofintelligentlife,halfacenturyago.In2012TauCetigrewstillmoreinterestingwhenastronomersreportedfivepossibleplanetssomewhatlargerthanEarthcirclingclosertothestarthanMarsorbits(围绕……运动)thesun—oneofwhichisinthestar’shabitablezone.NewlyreleasedimagestakenbytheHerschelSpaceObservatoryprovideevenmoreinsightaboutTauCeti’ssolarsystem:greaterdetailaboutitsdustbelt.Dustariseswhenasteroidsandcomets(小行星和彗星)crashintooneanother,soitslocationrevealswherethesedust-creatingobjects—whicharetoosmalltobeseendirectly—orbitastar.InTauCeti’scase,“it’squiteawidedustbelt,”saysSamanthaLawleroftheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbia.AsherteamreportedinNovember,thebelt’sinneredgeisroughlytwotothreeastronomicalunits(AUs)fromthestar,whichisthepositionofourownsun’sasteroidbelt.(AnAUisthedistancefromEarthtothesun.)TauCeti’sdustbeltextendsoutto55AU,whichwouldbejustbeyondoursystem’smainEdgeworth-Kuiperbelt,thezoneofsmallbodieswhoselargestmemberisprobablyPluto.Probablyfullofasteroidsandcomets,TauCeti’sdustbeltmostlikelylacksaplanetaslargeasJupiter,Lawlersays.Thegravityofsuchamassiveplanetwouldhavedrivenawaymostsmallspacerocks.WithinayearanewseriesofradiotelescopesinChilecalledALMAshouldprovideasharperviewofthedisk,especiallyofitsinneredge.TheALMAimageswillhelpastronomersconfirmwhetherthestar’sfiveproposedplanetsareindeedreal.Ifthediskoverlaps（重叠）theplanets’hypothesized(假设的)orbits,thentheyprobablydonotexist;theywouldhavekeptawaymostasteroidsnearthestar,removingthesourceofdust.Ifthoseplanetsdoexist,however,Lawler’steamsuggeststhatTauCeti’splanetarysystemmayresemblewhatoursolarsystemwouldhavelookedlikehadthefourgiantplanets—Jupiter,Saturn,UranusandNeptune-neverformed:smallplanetsorbitingclosetothestar,andnothingbutasteroids,cometsanddustbeyond.1.Accordingtoastronomers,thefivepossibleplanetsofTauCeti________.A.resembledEarthinsizeB.functionedlikeasolarsystemC.werelocatedinTauCeti’shabitablezoneD.werenearertoTauCetithanMarstothesun2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofTauCeti’sdustbelt?A.Itisnarrowerthantheasteroidbeltinoursystem.B.ThebodiesinsideitareallsmallerthanJupiter.C.ThegravityofTauCetimakesitgetdenser.D.Itisover55astronomicalunitsinwidth.3.Accordingtothepassage,thefiveplanetsaremostlikelytoexistif________.A.theydon’tmoveintothedustbeltwhileorbitingTauCetiB.theyhavekeptawaymostasteroidsandcometsC.theydon’tcrashintoanyasteroidorcometD.theycanbeseenclearlybyALMA4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatTauCeti’sdustbelt________.A.isusefulbecauseitstopsasteroidsorcometscrashingintothestarB.makesTauCetidifferentfromthesunbecauseitextendsfartherC.isinterestingbecauseitkeepsotherplanetsawayfromTauCetiD.playsaroleinhelpingdecidewhetherthefiveplanetsarerealPassageDThepandemichasrequiredmanypeopletomakedifficultjudgments.Politicianshavehadtodecidewhichrestrictionstoimposeoncitizens'behaviorandindividualswereforcedtoassesshowmuchpersonalrisktotake.Goodjudgmentisaqualityeveryonewouldliketohave.Butitisremarkablydifficulttodefineprecisely,andmanypeoplearenotsurewhethertheypersonallypossessit.SirAndrewLikiermanoftheLondonBusinessSchoolhasspentalongtimetalkingtoleadersinawiderangeoffieldsinanefforttocreateaframeworkforunderstandingjudgment.Firsthehadtodefinetheword.Hesuggeststhatjudgmentis''thecombinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandmakedecisions''.Thedegreeofjudgmentrequiredtendstoincreaseaspeopletakeonmoreresponsibility.Forachiefexecutive,theproportionofdecisionsinvolvingjudgmentishigh.Decidingnottotakeactionisalsoajudgmentwithpotentiallyseriousconsequences.Somepeoplethinkthatgoodjudgmentisinborn.SirAndrewacceptsthatsomeindividualsarebornwiththeabilitytolisten,beself-awareandbetterunderstandotherpeople:allqualitiesthatmakegoodjudgmenteasier.Othersmayhavethewrongsortofcharacteristics;atendencytoignoreothers,sticktorulesirrespectiveofcontext,rushintoactionwithoutreflectionandstruggletomakeuptheirminds.Asartificialintelligencegetsusedformoreandmoreroutinetasksintheservicesector,exercisingjudgmentmaybeoneoftheonlyareaswherehumansretainanedgeovermachines.Thisisfarfromcertain,however.Withenoughpractice,machinesmaybeabletodisplaytheequivalentofgoodjudgment.Butthen,perhapshumanscanbetaught,too.Inthelongrun,oneofthetrickiestaspectsofhumanjudgmentmaybeknowingpreciselywhentoletmachinesmakedecisionsandwhentoleaveittopeople.1.WhichofthefollowingsituationDOESN'Tneedaperson'sjudgment?A.Politiciansdeciderestrictionsimposedoncitizens'behavior.B.Apersonassesseswhatactiontotakeinfaceofdifficulties.C.Astudentdecidesnottoworkoutamathproblem.D.Afarmerfeelshurtwhenbittenbyasnake.2.WhichstatementistrueaboutSirAndrewLikierman?A.Hetalkedtoleaderswithgoodjudgmentforhisstudy.B.Hethinkspeoplearebornwithgoodjudgment.C.Hethinksbeingself-awarehelpswithgoodjudgment.D.Hethinkspeoplewiththeabilitytolistenhavegoodjudgment.3.Whatmayartificialintelligencebeabletodoaccordingtothepassage?A.tomakedecisionsfreely B.tofinishanytasksC.todisplaygoodjudgment D.toleavedecisionstohumans4.Whichofthefollowingcouldreplacetheunderlinedphrase?A.haveanadvantageover B.taketheplaceofC.performworsethan D.standuptoPassageEChinesescientistshavecreatedtheworld'sfirstlight-basedquantum(量子)computer,calledJiuzhang,openinganeweraofquantumcomputation.It'sabreakthroughinthefieldafterGooglecompleteditsquantumcomputerlastyear.Comparedwithtoday'sbestsupercomputers,Jiuzhangcancalculate100,000billiontimesfaster.Forexample,ittakesJiuzhang200secondstoperformGaussianbosonsampling(高斯玻色取样问题),anextremelychallengingcalculation,whilethefastestclassicalsupercomputer,Fugaku,wouldneedabout600millionyearstocompletethesametask.Quantumcomputerscantakecomputationalshortcuts(捷径)whensimulating(模拟)extremelycomplexscenarios(场景),whereasconventionalcomputershavetofindasolutionstepbystep,takingsignificantlymoretimeintheprocess.Quantummachines'amazingcomputingpowerarisesfromtheirbasicbuildingblocks,calledquantumbits,orqubits,accordingtotheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina.Usually,classicalcomputershandledatainbinary(二进制的)bits,presentingdataaseither0sorls.However,quantumcomputersprocessdatausingqubits,whichcanbeidentifiedas0s,1soreverythinginbetween.Asaresult,asthenumberofqubitsincreases,thecomputingabilityofquantumcomputersincreasestoo.Withadvantagesovertraditionalcomputers,quantumcomputershaveawiderangeofapplications.ThecalculationscarriedoutbyJiuzhangcanpotentiallybeappliedtomachinelearning,quantumchemistryandgraphtheory,accordingtoPanJianwei,akeyresearcherbehindJiuzhang.AccordingtoPan,quantumcomputinghasalreadybecomeafiercecompetitiongroundamongtheUnitedStates,Europe,andotherdevelopedregions.“Thefeat(壮举)cements(巩固)China'spositioninthefirstechelon(梯队)ofnationsinquantumcomputing,”theuniversitysaidinanewsrelease.Jiuzhangiscurrentlyonlyprogrammedtodobosonsampling.“Inthenearfuture,scientistsmayincreaseJiuzhang'spossibleoutputstates-akeyindicatorofcomputingpower,”LuChaoyang,anotherkeyresearcherbehindJjuzhang,toldChinaDaily.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiuzhang?A.Itisthefirsttotakeadvantageofquantumcomputation.B.Itcalculates100,000timesfasterthanFugaku.C.ItisthefastesttoperformGaussianbosonsampling.D.IttookChinesescientistsayeartocreatethecomputer.2.WhatmakesJiuzhan'scomputingpowersuperiortoclassicalcomputers?A.Thewayitdealswithdata. B.Thenumberofbitsituses.C.Thecommonmaterialsituses. D.Theconventionalsolution.3.Whatdoparagraphs5and6mainlytalkabout?A.Thecurrentsituationofquantumcomputing.B.ThesignificanceofthecreationofJiuzhang.C.Futureresearchonquantumcomputing.D.WhatneedstobeimprovedwithJiuzhang.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Toinformreadersofanewinvention.B.Toexplainhowquantumcomputerswork.C.Tocomparedifferentsupercomputers.DTointroducethedevelopmentofcomputers.PassageFAttheageof50，NinaSchoenexpectstohavealonglifeaheadofher,buthasthoughtalotaboutdeath-andwhypeoplearesoreluctanttotalkaboutit:“It'sgoingtohappentoallofus,"shesays,“butitshouldbeamorepositiveexperiencethanthefearweputintoit.'Whenshefirstheardaboutanewend-of-lifeprocessthatturnsthebodyintocompost(堆肥)，“Iwasreallymovedbytheidea,”saysSchoen,whobecameoneofthefirsttoreserveaspotwithaSeattle-basedcompanycalledRecompose,thecountry'sfirstfuneralhometoofferhumancomposting.LastyearRecomposebegantransformingbodiestosoil,moreformallyknownasnaturalorganicreduction.Beforethat,end-of-lifeoptionsintheU.S.werelimitedtoburialorcremation(火化)，bothofwhichcomewithenvironmentalcosts-U.S.cremationsalonedump1.7billionpoundsofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereeveryyear.KatrinaSpadepioneeringthecompostingmovementhasspentadecadedevelopingtheprocessinhopesofofferingpeopleagreeneroptionfordeathcare.“Iwondered，‘Whatifwehadachoicethathelpstheplanetratherthanharmsit?'”SpadetellsPEOPLE.“Toknowthatthelastgestureyou'llmakewillbegentleandbeneficialanditjustfeelsliketherightthingtodo.”Aftershehadherowntwosons，shebegantowonderwhatshemightdowithherbodyafterdeath.Afriendwhoknewherinterestinthetopicremindedherthatfarmerssometimescompostthebodyofcows,andthatsparkedanideaforhertheory:“Ifyoucancompostacow,youcanprobablycompostahuman,"shethought,andshesetaboutdesigningafacilitytodojustthat."Thisisaboutgivingpeopleanotherchoice,"Spadesays.“Atfirst,peoplereactwithshock一‘Youreallycandothat?’ButsomanypeopletodayarelookingattheirimpactontheEarth.Thisisapopularthingbecausewhenyoudie，youcangivebacktotheplanet."1.Howdopeoplereactwhenitcomestodeathaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Theyareunwillingtocomment.B.Theycanfaceitwithoutfear.C.Theyfeelitapositiveexperience.D.Theywouldliketocomposttheirbodies.2.WhatcanweknowaboutthecompanyRecompose?A.ItsCEOisKatrinaSpade.B.ItislocatedinSeattle.C.Itwasfoundedtoresistcremation.D.Ithasspent10yearscompostingbodies.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sparked”probablymean?A.Changed.B.Compromised.C.Quitted.D.Inspired.4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Alittlethingsinourlifecanbringinbigoutcomes.B.Wehumanbeingsshoulddoallwecantohelptheearth.C.Compostingissopopularthatweshouldreserveaspotsoon.D.Weshouldrejectburialbecauseofitsharmtoenvironment.PassageGInclassroomsaroundtheworld,mostkidsknoweachother’sstandingintermsofpopularity.Pastpsychologyresearchhaslookedintothewaysthatchildrenandteensattainthisstatus.Anewstudytakesadifferentapproachbylookingathowpopularchildren,aged11,behavewhentheyparticipateinaone-on-onecooperativetaskwitharandomlychosenclassmate.Theresearchersgot218eleven-year-oldgirlsandboystocompleteacooperativetaskinsame-sexpairs.Thetaskrequiredeachpairofchildrentositatacomputertogetherandfilloutaformaboutplanningaclassroomparty,includingmakingdecisionsaboutthetimeanddate,andwhatsnackswouldbeonoffer.Acamerarecordedthediscussionswhichtookabouttenminutes.Beforethis,allthechildrenhadansweredquestionsaboutwhowasthemostandleastpopularchildintheirclass.Theresearchersusedtheseratingstofindouteachchild’soverallpopularity.Perhapsthemoststrikingfindingwasthesexdifferencethatemerged:themorepopulargirlswerewiththeirclassasawhole,themoreskilfulleadershiptheyshowedinthecooperativetaskwithasingleclassmate.Bycontrast,boys’classpopularitywasassociatedwiththeirshowinglessskilfulleadershipinthetask.Theresearchersalsolookedathowachild’sbehaviourinthetaskwasrelatedtothepopularityoftheirpartner.Bothgirlsandboysadoptedalowprofilewhentheywerecooperatingwithapopularpartner:theytendedtoavoidbeingpushy,suggestingtheydidnotwanttoupsettheirpopularclassmate.“Interactionpartnersofhigh-statuspeers（同龄人）maykeepalowprofilebecausetheyareawareoftheabilitiesofthehigh-statusinfluentialpeer,”theresearcherssaid.Therecouldbepracticalinsightshere.“Ifateacherwantstopromoteself-confidenceandleadershipinagirl,havingherworkwithahighlypopularpeermightnotbethebestoptionbecausethepopularpeer’sreputationorbehaviourcouldleadtosubmissive（顺从的）behaviourinthegirl,”theresearcherssaid.“Instead,theteachercouldpairherwithanaverage-statuspeer,ormaybeexplicitlyassignamoresubmissiveroletothepeerwithwhomshewouldbeinteracting,inordertopromotethegirl’sself-confidence.”1.Whatdidthesexdifferenceinthestudyshow?A.Girlsweremorepopularthanboys.B.Girlswerelesssubmissivethanboys.C.Girlsshowedmoreskilfulleadershipthanboys.D.Boyswerelessskilfulindiscussionsthangirls.2.Howdidthechildrenwhokeptalowprofilebehaveinthecooperativetask?A.Theytriedtoinfluencetheirpartners.B.Theydoubtedthepopularityoftheirpartners.C.Theydidn’ttrytopersuadetheirpartnersforcefully.D.Theymadesuggestionsthatmadetheirpartnershappy.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Gainingclasspopularity.B.Developingleadershipinagirl.C.Gettingalongwellwithapartner.D.Gainingconfidenceofpopulargirl.4.Whatdidthenewstudyfocuson?A.Thechildren’spopularityratings.B.Thesexdifferenceinmakingdecisions.C.Thewaysthatchildrengainedpopularity.D.Therelationshipbetweenpopularityandleadership.答题卡PassageA题号答案PassageB题号答案PassageC题号答案PassageD题号答案PassageE题号答案PassageF题号答案PassageG题号答案参考答案及解析PassageA本篇是科技说明文。文章重在介绍新的研究推翻过去实验的结论，认为蜜蜂的记忆，尤其是长期记忆不一定需要多次训练。1．D 主旨大意题。第一段主要告知之前的研究发现的蜜蜂对于长、中、短期记忆及学练频率的关系。故选D。2．A 细节理解题。从第三段“Giurfareasonedthattheabilitytoformlong-termmemoriesmightdependontheparticulartypeofbeeandtheexperience.”以及第四段“taskingthemwithrememberinganexperiencerelevanttotheirrole”可知，当蜜蜂的角色和他们所要记忆的东西有相关性时，他们会一次形成长期记忆。故选A。3．B 推理判断题。根据末段“thecommonlyheldbelief...isnotalwaystrue，”和“reallyadvancesthefield”可知，他觉得这个研究在该领域前进了一大步。故选B。4．C 最佳标题题。文章从第一段介绍之前的研究表明蜜蜂的不同时段记忆需要不同的训练实现，到新的实验推翻旧有理论，认为有些长期记忆也可以由一次训练达到。可知本文正是想说明这一最新发现。故选C。PassageB本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,一般的野火会在冬天为严寒所扑灭，而“僵户火”即使在冬天也会燃烧。随着气候变暖,“僵尸火”可能会越来越普遍。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段内容Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.以及第三段Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.可知气候变暖导致了“僵尸火”的出现，故选B。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear'sfire,"explainsRebeccaScholten....Thenewfiresmadescientistswonder可知,新火发生的地点很接近前一年的大火,这一点让科学家很好奇,于是展开了研究。故答案C正确。A选项出现在最后一段。B、D选项与原文不符。3.C推理判断题。根据最后--段内容,“僵尸火”给环境带来了影响,所以了解这方面信息对扑灭大火，保护环境很重要。故选C。4.D标题选择题。通读全文可知,一般的野火会在冬天为严寒所扑灭,而“僵尸火”即使在冬天也会燃烧。故选D。.PassageC这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了恒星天仓五的尘埃带的一些情况，以及在决定天仓五的五颗可能的行星是否真实存在方面的作用。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中“In2012TauCetigrewstillmoreinterestingwhenastronomersreportedfivepossibleplanetssomewhatlargerthanEarthcirclingclosertothestarthanMarsorbits(围绕……运动)thesun—oneofwhichisinthestar’shabitablezone.(2012年，天文学家们报道了五颗可能比地球大一些的行星，它们围绕着恒星天仓五运行，比火星绕太阳运行的距离更近，其中一颗位于恒星的可居住区，这使得天仓五变得更加有趣)”可知，天仓五的五颗可能的行星离天仓五的距离比火星离太阳的距离更近，故选D。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“TauCeti’sdustbeltextendsoutto55AU,whichwouldbejustbeyondoursystem’smainEdgeworth-Kuiperbelt,thezoneofsmallbodieswhoselargestmemberisprobablyPluto.(天仓五的尘埃带延伸到55个天文单位，刚好在我们系统的主要埃奇沃斯-柯伊伯带之外，这个小天体带的最大成员可能是冥王星。)”可知，天仓五的尘埃带延伸到55个天文单位，也就是说天仓五的尘埃带的宽度超过55个天文单位。故选D。3.A推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ifthediskoverlapstheplanets’hypothesized(假设的)orbits,thentheyprobablydonotexist;theywouldhavekeptawaymostasteroidsnearthestar,removingthesourceofdust.(如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源)”可知，如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么这五颗行星很可能不存在，也就意味着如果它们在绕天仓五运行时轨道没有和尘埃盘重叠，也就是没有进入尘埃带，那么它们可能是存在的，故选A。4.D推理判断题。根据第三段“WithinayearanewseriesofradiotelescopesinChilecalledALMAshouldprovideasharperviewofthedisk,especiallyofitsinneredge.TheALMAimageswillhelpastronomersconfirmwhetherthestar’sfiveproposedplanetsareindeedreal.Ifthediskoverlapstheplanets’hypothesized(假设的)orbits,thentheyprobablydonotexist;theywouldhavekeptawaymostasteroidsnearthestar,removingthesourceofdust.(一年内，位于智利的一系列名为ALMA的新射电望远镜将提供更清晰的圆盘图像，特别是其内缘。ALMA的图像将帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在。如果圆盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源)”可知，根据天仓五尘埃带是否和假设的行星轨道重叠，能帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在，所以天仓五的尘埃带在决定五颗行星是否真实存在方面起着重要作用，故选D。PassageD这是一篇说明文。这场大流行要求许多人做出艰难的判断。政客们不得不决定对公民的行为施加哪些限制，个人被迫评估要承担多大的个人风险。良好的判断力是每个人都想拥有的品质。但要精确地定义它是非常困难的，许多人都不确定自己是否拥有它。文章主要论述了判断力的概念以及人们对此的看法。1.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hesuggeststhatjudgmentis''thecombinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandmakedecisions''.Thedegreeofjudgmentrequiredtendstoincreaseaspeopletakeonmoreresponsibility.Forachiefexecutive,theproportionofdecisionsinvolvingjudgmentishigh.Decidingnottotakeactionisalsoajudgmentwithpotentiallyseriousconsequences.(他认为判断是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，形成意见并做出决定”。当人们承担更多的责任时，需要的判断程度往往会增加。对于一位首席执行官来说，涉及判断的决策比例很高。决定不采取行动也是一种可能带来严重后果的判断)”可推知，农夫被蛇咬时感到受伤不需要判断。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“SirAndrewacceptsthatsomeindividualsarebornwiththeabilitytolisten,beself-awareandbetterunderstandotherpeople:allqualitiesthatmakegoodjudgmenteasier.Othersmayhavethewrongsortofcharacteristics;atendencytoignoreothers,sticktorulesirrespectiveofcontext,rushintoactionwithoutreflectionandstruggletomakeuptheirminds.(Andrew爵士承认，有些人生来就具有倾听、自我意识和更好地理解他人的能力：所有这些品质都使良好的判断更容易。其他人可能有错误的特征；他们倾向于忽视他人，不顾背景而坚持规则，不加思考就匆忙行动，并努力做出决定)”可知，C选项“他认为自我意识有助于良好的判断”正确。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Withenoughpractice,machinesmaybeabletodisplaytheequivalentofgoodjudgment.(经过足够的练习，机器可能能够显示出良好的判断力)”可知，人工智能可以显示