2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解考点18 议论文（C卷） 作业

届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二考点18议论文（C卷）1.Youareamemberinafull-timeschoolcalled"life",Eachdayhereyouwillhavetheopportunitytolearnlessons.Youmaylikethelessonsorhatethem,butyouhavedesignedthemaspartofyourcurriculum.Whyareyouhere?Whatisyourpurpose?Humanshavesoughttodiscoverthemeaningoflifeforaverylongtime.Whatweandourancestorshavetooverlookisthatthereisnoanswer.Themeaningoflifeisdifferentforeveryindividual.Eachpersonhashisownpurposeanddistinctpath,uniqueandseparatefromanyoneelse's.Asyouaretravellingyourlifepath,youwillbepresentedwithnumerouslessonsyouwillneedtolearninordertoachievethatpurpose.Thelessonsyouarepresentedwitharespecifictoyou;learningtheselessonsisthekeytodiscoveringandachievingthemeaningofyourownlife.Asyouaretravellingthroughyourlifetime,youmaymeetchallenginglessonsthatothersdon'thavetoface,whileothersspendyearsstrugglingwithchallengesthatyoudon'tneedtodealwith.Youmayneverknowwhyyouareblessedwithawonderfulmarriage,whileyourfriendssufferpainfuldivorces,justasyoucannotbesurewhyyoustrugglefinanciallywhileyourpeersenjoyabundance.Theonlythingyoucancountonisthatyouwillbepresentedwithallthelessonsthatyouspecificallyneedtolearn.Thechallenge,therefore,istoconnectyourselfwithyourownuniquepathbylearningindividuallessons.Thisisoneofthemostdifficultchallengesyouwillfaceinyourlifetime,assometimesyourpathwillbedifferentfromothers'.Butdon'tcompareyourpathwiththatofpeoplearoundyouandfocusonthedifferencesbetweentheirlessonsandyours.Youneedtorememberthatyouwillonlyfacelessonsthatyoucanlearnandthatarespecifictoyourowngrowth.Oursenseoffairnessistheexpectationofequality.Lifeisnot,infact,fair,andyoumayindeedhaveamoredifficultlifepaththanothersaroundyou.Everyone'scircumstancesareunique,andeveryoneneedstohandlehisorherowncircumstancesdifferently.1.Accordingtothepassage,howcanthemeaningofyourlifeberealized?

A.Gatheringdifferentopinionsfromothers.

B.Takingthedistinctpathfromothers'.

C.Learningthelessonspresentedtoyou.

D.Doingthedifferentthingsfromothers'.

2.Fromthepassagewecanconclude_____.

A.everyonehashisowntracktofollow

B.unexpectedthingsusuallyhappentothepeers

C.apainfuldivorcemustlieinfinancialproblems

D.awealthymanmusthaveawonderfulmarriage

3.Inyourlifetime,thelessonsyouarefacedwith_____.

A.arebeyondyourpower

B.stopyoufromgrowing

C.limityourdevelopment

D.helpyouwithyoursuccess

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Allthingsareequal.

B.Youshouldlearntodealwithspecificproblemsdifferentlyfromothers.

C.Onehastofixhismindontheunfairnessofcircumstances.

D.Youcancomplainlifeisunfairwheneverpossible.2.

AccordingtotheStudyAbroadTrendReportfor2018,conductedbyChineseeducationwebsiteE,thenumberofChinesestudentswhostudyabroadtogainabachelor'sdegreeorbelowisrising,andthecurrentgroupofChineseoverseasstudentsisyoungerthanthoseinthepastyears.

DuXiying,aBeijing-basedstudy-abroadagent,hasfirst-handexperienceworkingwiththisyoungercropofstudents."WhenIstartedthisjobsome10yearsago,almostallcaseswerefiledbycollegegraduatestryingtoapplyforamaster'sdegreeintheUS,UK,AustraliaandCanada,"saidDu."Nowquiteanumberofmyclientsarehighschoolgraduates,andmycompanyevenemployedsomeexperiencedconsultantstosatisfytheincreasingneedofcollege-boundChinesestudents."However,intheeyesofDu,mostofthemarenotreadytoputthemselvesinacompletelydifferentcontextatsuchayoungage.Althoughtherearenostatisticsavailable,accordingtoDu'sobservations,college-boundhighschoolgraduatesfromChinafallintotwogroups.Thereisagroupofstudentsfromwell-offfamilies,withgoodgradesandexcellentcommandofEnglish,andthereisanothergroupwhodidnotdoverywellintheircollegeentranceexams,sotheyseektostudyabroadasasolutiontotheirtroubles."Inrecentyears,withthefinancialabilityofChinesefamiliesgrowingwiththecountry'sdevelopment,buyingintocollegeisverycommon,"saidDu.

ComplaintscomefrombothdestinationschoolsintheUSandparentsofstudents.Goingabroadatayoungageneedsagreatdealofdiscipline​(自律),andcollegestudentsdon'tusuallyliveathome-stayssotheyarefreefrommanagement.Aconsiderablequantityofstudentshaveendedwithbeingdismissed(开除).

Astothedismissalissue,Dusaidit'sinevitableduetothelargenumberofstudentscrowdingabroad.It'sjustnoteasytoensurequality.Butshedoesthinkbothstudentsandparentsshouldberesponsiblefortheirowninvestmentofbothtimeandmoney."Theworstcaseisthatafamilythrowsout1millionyuanfortheirchildtocomehomewithnothing,notevenfluentEnglish,"saidDu.1.Whatchangeismentionedinparagraph1andparagraph2？A.TheageofChinesestudentsstudyingabroadisgettingyounger.

B.MoreChinesestudentsstudyingabroadaregettingamaster'sdegree.

C.Excellentstudentspreferstudyingabroadtotakingcollegeentranceexams.

D.Chinesestudents'gradesareimprovingduetoprofessionalconsultants'help.2.WhichopiniondoesDuprobablyagreewith？A.Mostyoungstudentsarequalifiedtostudyabroad.

B.Buyingintoschoolscouldbeagoodsolutiontostudents'problems.

C.Destinationschoolsshouldberesponsibleforthemanagementofstudents.

D.Parentsandstudentsshouldbecautiousaboutthedecisiontostudyabroad.3.Whydosomestudentsfailintheiroverseastudy？A.Theyarenotfinanciallysupported.

B.Theyarerejectedbydestinationschools.

C.Theycan'tliveuptotheirparents'expectations.

D.Theycan'tliveandstudyabroadindependently.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inevitable"inparagraph4mean？A.Can'tbeavoided. B.Can'tbeignored.

C.Can'tberealized. D.Can'tbepredicted.3.

Climatebreakdownthreatenstocauseaglobalfoodproductioncrisis.TheUNforecaststhatby2050,feedingtheworldwillrequirea20%expansioninglobalwateruseforagriculture.Itishardtoseehowagriculturecanfeedthepopulationoftheplanet,letalonetowardtheendofthecenturyandbeyond.Agricultureisamajorcauseofclimatebreakdown,andbothriverandairpollution.Industrialfishingissimilarlydrivingecologicalcollapseinseasaroundtheworld.

However,atthiscriticaltime,farming(anewkindoffoodtechnology)iscreatingastonishingpossibilitiestosavebothpeopleandtheplanet.Farmingwillenablethereturnofvastareasoflandandseatonature,greatlyreducingcarbonemissions(排放物).Itmeansanendtotheemploymentofanimals,astoptooverfishing,andadramaticreductionincuttingdownforestsandtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂).Itisthebesthopeforstoppingthedestructionoftheplanetand,ifitisdoneright,itmeanscheapandabundantfoodforeveryone.

Weareabouttowelcomeoneofthebiggesteconomictransformations,ofanykind,for200years.Argumentscontinueaboutplantsagainstmeat-baseddiets;however,newtechnologieswillsoonmaketheseargumentsirrelevant.Beforelong,mostfoodwillcomeneitherfromanimalsnorplants,butfrommicro-organisms(微生物).

Notonlywillfoodbecheaper,itwillalsobehealthier.Duetothefactthatfarmingcreatesfoodproductsbuiltupfromsimplecomponentsratherthanbrokendownfromcomplexones,hardfatsandotherunhealthycomponentscanbescreenedout.Meatwillstillbemeat,butitwillbegrowninfactoriesratherthaninthebodiesofanimals.Fatswillstillbefats,butfoodislikelytobebetter,cheaperandmuchlessdamagingtothelivingplanet.1.Whatisthemajorcauseofseaecologicalbreakdown?

A.Foodproduction. B.Globalfarming.

C.Industrialfishing. D.Climatebreakdown.

2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutferming?

A.Itsbenefits. B.Itssecurity. C.Itsresearch. D.Itslimits.

3.Whatwillprovidethemajorityoffoodinthenearfuture?

A.Seaanimals. B.Wildplants. C.Micro-organisms. D.Farmproducts.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoferming?

A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.4.Waterkeepsusalive.Whenitrunsout,wehaveaproblem.Aboutoneoutoffourpeopleontheplanetarefacingashortageofwater.Seventeencountriesaroundtheworldaredealingwithhigh-waterstress.Thismeanstheyareusingalmostallthewatertheyhaveaccessto.Manyaredrycountries.Somewastemuchoftheirwater.Somemaycurrentlyusetoomuchoftheirgroundwaterthattheyshouldbesaving.Severalbigcitiesfaceacuteshortages.TheseincludeSaoPaulo,Brazil;Chennai,India;andCapeTown,SouthAfrica.Ayearago,CapeTownfacedDayZero—thedaywhenallitsdamswouldbedry.Climatechangeaddstotheriskofwatershortages.Rainfallislesssteady.Thewatersupplybecomeslessreliable.Thedaysgrowhotter.Morewaterevaporates(蒸发)fromlakesandriversevenasdemandforwaterincreases.By2030,thenumberofcitiesinthehigh-stresscategorymayhaverisento45andincludealmost470millionpeople.Allovertheworld,farmerscompetewithcityresidentsforwater.Richurbanplaces,suchasLosAngeles,usetoomuchwaterforpoolsandgolfcourses.Buttheworstproblemisthegrowthofcities.Bangalore,India,forexample,hadafewyearswithlittlerain.Itbuiltoveritsmanylakesorfilledthemwithcitywaste.Thelakesarenolongertherainwaterstoragetankstheyoncewere.Bangalorenowimportswater.Alotoftheimportedwater,however,getslostonthewaytoBangalore.Toaddressthisissue,whatcanbedone?First,citiescanplugleaksintheirwaterdistributionsystem.Wastewatercanberecycled.Raincanbeharvestedandsavedforhardtimes.Lakesandwetlandscanbecleanedupandoldwellscanberestored.Andfarmerscanswitchfromwater-intensivecropslikericetoless-thirstycropslikemillet(小米).Expertsarelookingforwaystoreducethenumberofpeopleontheplanet.Theyarelookingforwaystoreducethesizeofcities.Theyarelookingforwaystoencouragepeople,factoriesandfarmerstouselesswater.1.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?

A.Aquarteroftheworld'spopulationislivingwithwatershortages.

B.Nearlyallcountriesarefacingacutewatershortagesnow.

C.Undergroundwatershouldbeusedtomeetthewaterdemand.

D.MeasureshavebeentakentodealwiththewatershortageinIndia.

2.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

A.Rainfallisnotassteadyasbefore.

B.Climatechangemayleadtowatershortages.

C.Thewatersupplyreliesmoreonrainfall.

D.Hotterweatherchangesthewaterdemand.

3.Whatcanfarmersdotodealwithwatershortage?

A.Plugleaksinthewaterdistributionsystem.

B.Cleanuplakesandwetlandsandrestorewells.

C.Reducethenumberofpeopleinthecities.

D.Growless-waterconsumptioncropsinstead.

4.Whatwillbediscussedifthepassagecontinues?

A.Howtopreventfromclimatechange.

B.Howtoinspirepeopletosavewater.

C.Howtorecyclewastewaterincities.

D.Howtomakepeoplegetaccesstocleanwater.5.

Ofcourse,notallkidsactuallywanttogooutside.Withtherightapproach,though,psychologistMaryAlvord,saidparentscandoalottoencouragepositiveexperiencesinthenaturalworld.

Ithelpstomakeitpartofyourfamily'sschedule."Whenmykidswereyoung,theywouldcomehomefromschool,haveasnack,thenitwaslike:'Allright,youhavetogooutsideandplaybeforeyoustartanythingelse,'"shesaid."Fromthestart,it'saboutsettingtheexpectationforoutdoorstime."

Ifthatisn'talreadyonthefamilyschedule,Alvordsuggestedparentsbeopenandhonestaboutmakingachange.Callafamilymeetinganddiscusswhattheywouldliketodooutside.Whenintroducingmoretimeoutdoors,Alvordsaidparentsmayhavetodosomereframing(重新构造)togetkidsonboard."Theframeis:howcanyoumakeitappealingandfun?"shesaid.Ifit'scoldandrainyoutside,thatmightmeanpresentingthedayasachancetolookforfrogs.Everyseason,Alvordsaid,bringschangesthatcanengagechildren'scuriosity.

Ifyourchildsaysshedoesn'twanttogooutbecauseshe'sdoingsomethingelse,Alvordsuggestedgivingherachancetofinish."Say,'Ouroutdoorstimestartsin15minutes,'"shesaid,sotheycanfinishagameorwrapupanotheractivity.

Parents'attitudescountalot,Alvordsaid,whichmaymeangettingoutofyourowncomfortzoneevenasyou'reencouragingyourchildtoheadoutdoors.Tryrethinkingyourattitudetoward"bad"weatherorgettingdirty,forexample.Andifyou'rehopingtodevelopyourchild'ssenseofwonderatthenaturalworld,itcouldhelptoreconnectwithyourown,whetheryou'rewatchingthestars,goingforahikeorjustfeedingbirdsinanearbypark.1.Whatishelpfulforparentstoencouragekidstogooutside?

A.Offeringthemsomesnacks. B.Makinggoingoutsidearoutine.

C.Lettingthemfinishhomeworkfirst. D.Playinggameswiththeirchildren.

2.WhatareparentsadvisedtodoaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Hostafamilymeetingoutside. B.Staywiththeirchildrenmoreoften.

C.Adjustoutdooractivitieswithseasons. D.Appealtomorefamiliestobeinvolved.

3.Whatisimportantforthechildrentoheadoutdoors?

A.Comfortzone. B.Parents'attitudes.

C.Alotofactivities. D.Others'encouragement.

4.Whatisthetextintendedtodo?

A.Getthechildrenclosetonature. B.Rebuildthefamilyrelationship.

C.Reconnectwiththeoutsideworld. D.Introduceabrand-newoutdoorsport.6."Whatareyou?"theyask."Guess,"Isay.SomesuggestIhaveJapaneseeyes.OthersthinkI'mFilipino,maybeIndian.Fewguessthetruth:IamMexicanAmerican.Butit'snotlikeI'veeverwornthatnamealone.I'mpartofayoungergenerationofAmericanswhoseidentityisshapedneitherbywherewecamefromnorwhereweendedup.

MyparentsknowtheCaliforniaimmigrantexperiencefirst-hand.TheygrewuppickingfruitintheSanJoaquinValley,knowingwhatitwastobepoor,butalsoknowingwhatitwastobeMexican.Wantingabetterlifefortheirchildren,theywenttocollegeandgotprofessionaljobs.BythetimeIwasborn,theywerefullyacceptedintothemiddleclass.IgrewupintheraciallymixedzonesofSacramento,andwhenmyparentstalkedoftheiryearsinthefieldsitwashardtoconnectthosestoriestowherewefoundourselvesnow.

BythetimeIreachedmyteens,differencehadannounceditself.Wewereallstrugglingforasenseofindividuality,lookingeverywherebutwherewecamefrom.Identitybecamegoods.Wearingcertainclothesandlikingcertainkindsofmusiccreatedsocialcategories.

Ibecameajunkman,sortingthroughtheruinsofpopculturepastlookingforthepiecesofmyself.InlovewiththeBeatles,IlinkedmyselftoEngland.FascinatedbyJapanesecartoon,ItooklanguageclassesatthelocalBuddhisttemple.

IgrewupAmericantoafault,rarelyconsideringmyownpeople'scultureandhumanity.IleftSacramentoandmovedtoSanFrancisco'sMissionDistricttoputmyselftogetheragain.ThereIfirstsawmypeoplelivinginaseparatecommunitythathaditsownlanguage,oneI'dneverlearned.MybrownfaceledpeopletoaskmefordirectionsinSpanish.Icouldonlyrespondwithauniversallyunderstoodshrug.

"ThisiswhatIam,"Isaidtomyself,lookingatastreetfullofnewlyarrivedimmigrants.No,thatwasn'tquiteit.Icorrectedmyself:"ThisiswhereIcomefrom."

IsittragicthatIgrewupfarfrommymotherculture,discoveringitsolateinlife?IprefertothinkthatmyAmericanupbringinghastaughtmetoapplyinsightsfrommanydifferentculturestomyeverydaylife.IamaproductnotjustofMexicoortheU.S.butoftheworldasawhole.

1.Wheredoesthewritergrowup?

A.InSacramento. B.InaMexicotown.

C.IntheSanJoaquinValley. D.InSanFrancisco'sMissionDistrict.

2.WhatdidthewriterlearnfromhisAmericanupbringing?

A.Topromotemotherculture. B.Toadapttonewsurroundings.

C.Toclearlyexpressindividuality. D.Tolearnfromdifferentcultures.

3.Youcaninferfromthearticlethatthewriter________.

A.likedtoplaysports B.wantedtolearnSpanish

C.wasinterestedindifferentcultures D.didnotlikelivinginSanFrancisco

4.Thisarticleismainlyabout________.

A.thegrowingpainsofimmigrants B.theculturedifferencesinAmerica

C.theauthor'sexplorationofhisidentity D.theproblemsofimmigrantsinAmerica

7.Thesiestacompetitiontookplaceinasupermarket,withplentyofshoppers,screamingbabies,talkingvoices,andfootstepstotakethecompetitors'attentionawayfromtheirafterlunchsleeps.Fivebrightbluesofaswerelaidout,andfivecompetitorsatatimewereallowedtotakea20-minutesleep.Adoctormeasuredtheirpulsetotimehowlongtheyactuallyspentonasleep.Competitorsearnedextrapointsforsnoring(打鼾),sleepinginstrangepositions,orwearingsillypajamas(睡衣).Thewinnersofeachroundadvancetothenextstageinthecompetition.It'samazingthatanyofthosepeoplewouldfallasleepinthemiddleofsuchabusyplace,whileoncouchesthattheyarenotusedto.Yet,manyofthemdid.Theyhuggedpillowsorsofttoybears.Theycoveredtheireyeswithsleepmasks,too.Whateverittooktohelpthemfallasleepfastandstayasleep.ThesiestaisatraditioninSpainthatmanyfeelisbecomingforgotten.Itusedtobethatpeoplewouldtakeabriefnapafterluncheveryday.Thiswouldenergizethem,andkeepthemgoingfortherestoftheday.Nottomentionthehealthbenefitsofagoodnap.But,that'sallchanging.PeoplearetoobusymakingmoneyorwatchinggossipshowsonTVafterlunchtocareabouttakinganap.TheNationalAssociationofFriendsoftheSiestawantstobringSpainbacktotheirtraditionalroots.Theyaredoingthisbyhavingthesiestacompetition.Theysetupthecompetitiontorewardthebestsleeperswithmoney.Actually,theywerepaidtosleep.Therearereallyhealthbenefitstoamiddaynap.Wecouldalllearnfromthistradition.It'samuchbetterwaytogetmoreenergythandrinkingacupofcoffee.Itisalsobelievedthatanap,andinfactagoodnight'ssleep,canhelpreduceheartdisease.Themorerestedweare,thelessstresswefeelwithday-to-daylife.1.Theunderlinedword"siesta"hereprobablymeans"_____"A.oversleep B.nightsleepC.ashortsleepaftersupper D.ashortsleepafterlunch2.Inwhatsituationdidthecompetitiontakeplace?A.Inanoisyplace. B.Inaquietplace.C.Inacomfortableplace. D.Inafamiliarplace.3.Whenthecompetitorswenttosleep,theycould____.A.havetheirownbeds B.usenothingtocovertheireyesC.havedoctorstohelpthem D.usesomethingtohelpthemsleep4.ThecompetitionisheldbecausetheAssociationwantsto_____.A.knowifpeoplestillknowthetraditionalhabitB.callonpeopletohavetheirtraditionalhabitC.dosomeresearchonhowpeoplesleepD.givepeoplemoneyinthisway8.

Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldalonehavebeenmakingheadlinesquiteoften.Ayoungpersonaloneinadangeroussituationattractsattentionandsponsors.Youngsailorsalsoattractvariousviews.Forexample,JessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyage,yetthePrimeMinistercalledher“aheroforyoungAustralians”whenshereturned.Itseemedthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeople.

Thepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgments.Butsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividuals.Betweentheagesof14and18,teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilities.Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.

Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.Watsoncallsherself“anordinarygirlwhohadadream”.Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.Shouldallteenshavesuchdreams?Actually,individualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams.

Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived(事先形成的)viewsaboutyoungpeople.Norshouldyoung“ordinary”teenagersfeelpressuretolongforextraordinarypersonalgoals.Infact,Ibelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualism.Theteenageyearsarewhenmostofus“ordinary”peoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJessicaWatson?

A.Shewascriticizedbythegovernment.

B.Sheeventuallycanceledhervoyage.

C.Shehastraveledaroundtheworld.

D.Shemadeasuccessfulvoyage.

2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetext?

A.Theyhavesimilarabilities.

B.Theymakedecisionsontheirown.

C.Theyalwaysmakewrongjudgments.

D.Theyneedsupportsofresponsibleadults.

3.Whodoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?

A.Parents. B.Teenagers. C.Psychologists. D.Adults.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.DividedOpinionsonYoungAdventurers

B.ProblemsFacedbyAdventurousTeens

C.VariousWaystoBecomeIndependent

D.PressuretoAchievePersonalGoals

答案以及解析1.答案：1-4CADB

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Thelessonsyouarepresentedwitharespecifictoyou;learningtheselessonsisthekeytodiscoveringandachievingthemeaningofyourownlife.可知,你面临的教训是针对你的,学习这些教训是发现和实现你人生意义的关键。所以想要实现自己人生的意义,就要学习呈现在自己面前的种种教训。A项(收集别人的不同意见)在文中没有提及;B项(选择与众不同的道路)和D项(做和别人不一样的事情)不是实现自己人生意义的方式。故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Eachpersonhashisownpurposeanddistinctpath,uniqueandseparatefromanyoneelse's.可知,每个人都有自己的目标和独特的人生道路,都是独一无二的、不同于其他人的。由此可推断,每个人都有不同于他人的人生道路。B项(意料之外的事情通常会发生在同伴身上)、C项(痛苦的离婚必定在于经济问题)、D项(一个有钱人的婚姻一定很美满)在文中没有提及。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句Youneedtorememberthatyouwillonlyfacelessonsthatyoucanlearnandthatarespecifictoyourowngrowth.可知,你只会面临你能学到的教训,而且是针对你自身成长的。由此可知,人生中面临的教训可以帮助你成长,从而获得成功。A项(超出你的能力范围)、B项(阻止你成长)和C项(限制你的发展)在文中都没有提及。故选D。

4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Everyone'circumstancesareunique,andeveryoneneedstohandlehisorherowncircumstancesdifferently.可知,每个人的情况都是独一无二的,每个人都需要以不同的方式处理自己的问题。所以B项(你应该学会以不同于别人的方式处理特定的问题)正确。根据最后一段第二句Lifeisnot,infact,fair,andyoumayindeedhaveamoredifficultlifepaththanothersaroundyou.可知,事实上,生活是不公平的,你的人生道路也许确实比你周围的人艰难。所以A项(一切事物都是平等的)不正确;C项(人们必须注意情况的不公平)和D项(只要有可能,你就可以抱怨生活是不公平的)在文中没有提及。故选B。2.答案:1-4ADDA解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段大意,尤其是第一段结尾…andthecurrentgroupofChineseoverseasstudentsisyoungerthanthoseinthepastyears.

目前的中国留学生群体比过去几年更年轻。可知近年来去往英美等国家的中国留学生年轻化。故选A。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段提到的有些中国留学生无法自律,无法毕业的问题,以及最后一段第三句Butshedoesthinkbothstudentsandparentsshouldberesponsiblefortheirowninvestmentofbothtimeandmoney.但她认为学生和家长都应该为自己的时间和金钱投资负责。可知杜认为,孩子和家长都应该对出国留学的投资负责,应该更谨慎地做决定。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句…mostofthemarenotreadytoputthemselvesinacompletelydifferentcontextatsuchayoungage.

他们中的大多数人还没有准备好在这么小的年纪把自己放在一个完全不同的环境中。和倒数第二句…andthereisanothergroupwhodidnotdoverywellintheircollegeentranceexams,sotheyseektostudyabroadasasolutiontotheirtroubles.还有一群高考成绩不好,所以他们寻求出国留学来解决自己的问题。以及第三段提到中国留学生缺乏自律的问题,可知有些中国留学生没有能力独立适应国外的生活和学习。故选D。

4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句Astothedismissalissue,Dusaidit'sinevitable

duetothelargenumberofstudentscrowdingabroad.It'sjustnoteasytoensurequality.

由于大量的学生涌入国外,保证质量是不容易。可知杜说由于学生数量多,难以保证质量,所以被大学开除的问题是"难以避免的"。A.Can'tbeavoided.  难以避免;B.Can'tbeignored.  不可忽视;C.Can'tberealized.  不能意识到;D.Can'tbepredicted.  不可预测。故选A。3.答案：1.C;2.A;3.C;4.B

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrialfishingissimilarlydrivingecologicalcollapseinseasaroundtheworld.(类似地,工业捕捞也导致了世界各地海洋生态的破坏。)"可知,造成海洋生态破坏的原因是工业捕捞。故选C。

2.主旨大意题。根据第二段Farmingwillenablethereturnofvastareasoflandandseatonature,greatlyreducingcarbonemissions(排)Itmeansanendtotheemploymentofanimals,astoptooverfishing,andadramaticreductionincuttingdownforestsandtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)Itisthebesthopeforstoppingthedestructionoftheplanetand,ifitisdoneright.itmeanscheapandabundantfoodforeveryone.”(农业将使大片陆地和海洋回归自然,大大减少碳排放。这意味着不再使用动物,停止过度捕捞,大幅减沙砍伐森林和杀虫剂的使用。这是阻止地球毁灭的最好希望,如果做得对,这意味着每个人都能获得廉价而丰富的食物。)可知,本段主要讲述农业的好处。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Beforelong,mostfoodwillcomeneitherfromanimalsnorplants,butfrommicro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句However,atthiscriticaltime,farming(anewkindoffoodtechnology)iscreatingastonishingpossibilitiestosavebothpeopleandtheplanet.(然而,在这个关键时刻,农业(一种新的食品技术)正在创造拯救人类和地球的惊人可能性。)"和第三段最后一句“Beforelong,mostfoodwillcomeneitherfromanimalsnorplants,butfrommicro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"以及第四段最后一句Notonlywillfoodbecheaper,itwillalsobehealthier.(食物不仅会更便宜,也会更健康。)”可知,作者认为农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,而且人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更实惠更健康,以上评价都是正向的,因此最能描述作者对农业观点态度的是积极的。故选B。4.答案:1.A;2.B;3.D;4.B

解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句"Aboutoneoutoffourpeopleontheplanetarefacingashortageofwater."可知,世界上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。故选A。

2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句"Climatechangeaddstotheriskofwatershortages."可知,气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句"Andfarmerscanswitchfromwater-intensivecropslikericetoless-thirstycropslikemillet(小米)."可知,农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物以代替需水量大的作物以应对水资源短缺问题。故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Theyarelookingforwaystoencouragepeople,factoriesandfamerstouselesswater."可知,科学家们正在寻找能够鼓励人们、工厂和农民节约用水的方法。由此可推知,文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。5.答案：1-4BCBA解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Ithelpstomakeitpartofyourfamily'sschedule."并结合第一段内容可知,制定外出的日程有助于家长们鼓励孩子们外出。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句"Everyseason,Alvordsaid,bringschangesthatcanengagechildren'scuriosity."可知,父母应该根据季节调整户外活动。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是第一句中的"Parents'attitudescountalot"可知,父母的态度对于孩子们去户外来说是很重要的。故选B。

4.写作意图题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了父母可以做些事来鼓励孩子进行户外活动的建议。由此可推知,本文旨在鼓励孩子们接近大自然。故选A。6.答案:1.A;2.D;3.C;4.C

解析:1.细节理解题。由第二段"IgrewupintheraciallymixedzonesofSac