土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结第二版

本文档来源于第一文库网：/view/35EB39CDE275213C.html本文档来源于第一文库网：/view/35EB39CDE275213C.html用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站本文档来源于第一文库网：/view/35EB39CDE275213C.html用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结Lesson1IntroductiontoMechanicsofMaterials材料力学mechanicsofmaterials材料强度strengthofmaterials轴向受力杆件axially-loadedbars应变strain应力stress变形deformation临界荷载criticalload拉压剪tensioncompressionshear等直杆件prismaticbar轴力axialforce隔离体freebody拉力tensileforce截面crosssection形心centroid无量纲的量nondimensionalquantity可变形的deformable装配，集合assembly推论derivation方程equation性能property棱柱的prismatic液体静力学的hydrostatic集度，强度intensity合力resultant静力学statics伸长，延长elongationLesson2TypesofBeamsandStressResultantsinBeams横截的transverse对称symmetry弯曲bending不对称的unsymmetrical/asymmetrical销轴pin滚轴roller移动translate水平地horizontally支撑，支持sustain嵌住的built-in悬臂梁cantilever悬臂overhang均匀的，一致的uniformly力偶couple约束restraint柔性的flexible法向的，正态normal图像diagram对称轴axisofsymmetry简支梁simplysupportedbeam(simplebeam)集中力concentratedforce分布力distributedload均布荷载uniformlydistributedload静力学平衡方程equationofstaticequilibrium竖向verticaldirection跨度，区间span应力分布distributionofstresses弯矩bendingmoment静定staticallydeterminate水平约束horizontalrestraintLesson3PrincipalStressesinBeams法向应力normalstress剪应力shearstress横截面crosssection中性轴neutralaxis主应力principalstress弯矩M和剪力Vbendingmomentandshearforce主压应力compressiveprincipalstress主拉应力tensileprincipalstress正交曲线orthogonalcurves应力迹线stresstrajectory应力等值线stresscontour局部效应localizedeffects应力集中stressconcentration大小，数量magnitude矩形的rectangular相交intersect腹板web连接junction角缝filletLesson4ContinuousBeams连续梁continuousbeam轴向变形axialdeformations销轴支承pinsupport辊轴支承rollersupport静不定次数thedegreeofstaticalindetermincy多余的redundant叠加、迭加superposition旋转角anglesofrotation正弯矩positivebendingmoment形心间距centroidaldistance惯性矩inertia中间的intermediate有利的advantageous同时的simultaneous协调一致compactibilityLesson5Unit-loadMethodforCalculatingDisplacements单位荷载法：unit-loadmethod简单桁架simpletrusses静定/静不定结构staticallydeterminate/indeterminatestructure虚荷载dummy/fictitiousload移动translation共线反向力collinearandoppositelydirectedforces虚功virtualwork相对位移relativedisplacement扭转力偶twistingcouple与。。。一致correspondto...笼统地inageneralizedsenseLesson6ReciprocalTheorems互等定理reciprocaltheorems位移。。。reciprocaldisplacementtheorem线弹性结构linearlyelasticstructure相应的概念theconceptofcorrespondence迭加原理principleofsuperposition应变能strainenergy线性地linearly按顺序insequence根据inaccordancewithLesson7Slipforms滑模（施工）slipform凸出物，凸部projection凹部depression挤压成型extrusion企口，沟，槽groove厚板plank弯，起拱camber膨胀swell架yoke千斤顶jack脚手架scaffold误差deviation推论derivation叠加(动词)superimpose逐渐变细taper桥墩bridgepiers钢筋和预埋铁件reinforcingsteelandmetalinserts摩擦friction气动pneumatically电动electrically减少压力conteractthepressure保持湿度keeptheconcretemoist喷雾器fogspray担任actas在非常情况下inextremecases第8课：升板法Lift-SlabMethod施工方法methodofconstruction连续地insuccession底层的，下垫的underlying箱型出口box-out液压千斤顶hydraulicjack锚杆anchor支撑，牛腿，托座bracket竖向支撑swaybracing横向支撑lateralbracing剪力墙shearwall叠nest先张法pretensioning后张法posttensioning突（凸）出的protruding（开）凹槽recess套筒式的telescopic吊杆，悬臂boom焊接weld屋顶层，阁楼garret起重机，吊车crane刚度核心coreofrigidity滑模slipform布置，定线layout地震引起的seismic预制，装配prefabrictate第9课：挖掘excavation公制的模数单元metricmodularunitLesson13StrengthandDeformationofConcreteinCompressionshort-timeloading短期荷载stress-strainrelationship应力应变关系moderatetestingspeed中等试验速度compressivestrength抗压强度high-strengthconcrete高强混凝土modulusofelasiticity弹性模量slope斜率stress-straincurve应力应变曲线reasonableaccuracy相当精度empiricalequation经验公式unitweigh单位重量hardenedconcrete硬结的混凝土sand-and-stoneconcrete砂石混凝土hydrate水化reinforced-concrete钢筋混凝土lower-story较低层的high-risebuilding高层建筑brittleness脆性的specimen样品longitudinal轴心的，纵向的schematically图解法prestressedconcrete预应力混凝土cylinderstrength圆柱体强度conditionofloading加载条件internaldisintegrationofthematerial材料内部分裂transverseto垂直于Poission’sratio泊松比longtimeloading长期荷载engineeringmaterial工程材料durationofloading荷载持续时间rateofstress应力变化率rateofloading加载速率behaviorofconcrete混凝土性能creep徐变propertyofmaterial材料性能continuedeforming持续变形considerablelengthoftime相当长constantstress恒定应力instantaneousstrain瞬时应变totaldeformation总变形solidcurve实现dashedcurve虚线elasticinstantaneousstain弹性瞬时应变reload重新加载beproportionalto…与…成比例ambientrelativehumidity环境相对湿度anoutwardmigrationoffreeporewater游离孔隙水向外流动finalasymptoticvalue最终渐近值thecreepcoefficient徐变系数lesson14combinedstress联合应力footing基础slab板principalstress主应力biaxial双轴的triaxial三轴的maximum-tensionstress最大拉应力meannormalstress平均正应力failurecriterion破环标准interactiondiagram相关图nondimensionalize使无量纲化nondimensional无量钢的quadrant扇形failureenvelope破坏包络线uniaxialcompression单轴压缩lesson15附加长期绕度additionallongtimedeflection收缩shrinkage蠕变creep低/高强度low/high-strength一个当量anequivalent长期模量sustainedmodulus持续荷载sustainedloads瞬时绕度short-timedeflection/instantaneousdeflection受弯构件flexuralmenber配合曲线curve-fitting正弯曲的positive-bending负弯曲的negative-bending正弯矩区和负弯矩区positive-andnegative-bendingregions受压筋含钢compression-steel受拉筋含钢率tensile-steelradio参数parameter荷载与绕度load-deflection非线性nonlinear随时间变化的time-dependent允许permit复杂的elaborate场所lieu直接的explicit高跨比span-depthradio单向one-way规定specify考虑takeaccountof指出，提出pointout近于closeto参照，关于withreferenceto取代，代替inlieuof连续梁continuousbeams荷载持续部分sustainedpartofload总绕度totaldeflection短期重荷载heavyshort-timeload短期峰值荷载short-timepeakload总荷载弯矩图totalload-momentdiagram活荷载liveload单向实心板solidone-wayslabs单向加肋板ribbedone-wayslabs单位重unitweightlesson16均质的homogeneous截面，段，节section结合，粘合bond胶粘剂，粘着的adhesive接触，连接contact整块，整段single-piece抛物线的parabolic自旋，螺旋spin边，缘edge附近，近处vicinity中跨midspan限制，约束confine削弱，损害impair完整性，完善integrity适当的，恰当的adequately除……外exceptfor特别需要注意beofparticularconcert弹性材料elasticmaterial剪应力shearstresses弯曲应力bendingstresses分层梁laminatedbeam中和轴neutralaxis矩形整梁single-piecerectangularbeam竖直剪应力verticalshearstresses横截面面积cross-sectionalareaLesson17designforshearanddiagonaltension剪切与斜向拉伸设计flexuralrequirements抗弯要求prematurefailure过早的破坏longitudinalflexuralstress纵向弯曲应力stirrup箍筋bent-uplongitudinalsteel弯起纵筋aggregateinterlock骨料咬合力maintain保持integrity整体性concretecompressionzone混凝土受压区beboundedby……以……为边界inclination倾角plain素的、不配筋的legs（箍筋的）肢twistingcouple扭转力偶yieldpoint屈服点平衡原理reasonsofequilibrium平衡水平剪应力equilibratinghorizontalshearinclinedcracks斜向裂缝edge-supportedslabs边缘支承体ACICodeprocedures美国混凝土学会规范factoredloads计算荷载nominalshearstrength标称抗剪强度websteel腹筋strength-reductionfactor强度折减系数conservatism保守主义conservative保守的failuremode破坏方式supportreactions支座反力effectivedepth有效高度tensile-steelratio受拉钢筋配筋率provision条文（复数provisions）longitudinalspacing纵向间距yieldstrength屈服强度concrete–joist混凝土密肋flange翼缘lever杠杆leverarm力臂identical相同的analytically解析地、分析地primarily主要地chief主要的stresses应力轨迹stresstrajectorieswebwidth腹板宽elsewhere其他部位dowelaction销栓作用initiate开始Lesson18torsion扭转torsionalstrength抗扭强度longitudinalsplitting纵向劈裂torque扭矩spiral螺旋的inactuality实际上uponcracking一旦开裂torsionalresistance抗扭力crackingtorque开裂扭矩torque-twistcurve扭矩-扭转曲线twist扭转potentialfailuresurface可能的破坏面anchors锚固vand成立最外纤维outerfibers水平弯曲应力horizontalbendingstresses斜向拉伸diagonaltensionLesson21Footing（foundation/substructure）Stratumn.层、地层（layer）soilstratumPilen.桩Caissonn.沉箱Strapn.条、带Columnn.柱（interiorcolumn内柱；exteriorcolumn外柱）Capitaln.柱顶、柱头Perimetern.周围、圆周Concentricallyad.同心的、同轴的Eccentricallyad.偏心的Compactedad.密实的、夯实的Settlen.沉降Totalsettlement总沉降Allowablebearingpressure地基承载力Spreadfoundation扩张基础Beam-and-girderfloor肋形楼盖Coarse-grainedsoils粗颗粒土（砂土）Differentialsettlement不均匀沉降Bearingpressure支承压力Claysoils粘土Compressiblesoils压缩性土Wallfooting墙基础Columnfooting柱基础Single-columnfooting单柱基础（独立柱基础）Combinedfooting复试基础、联合基础Strapfooting条形基础Matfoundation板式基础、满堂基础Raftfoundation浮筏基础Lesson22stepsinstructuredesignprocessEstheticsn.美学Dominatevt.高耸、于之上Amplificationn.增大、放大Aerodynamica.空气动力学的Responsen.反应、响应Phasen.方面、相位Revisevt.校正、修正Secondarya.补充的Inelastica.非弹性的Functionalrequirements功能要求Structureandloading结构与荷载Costofthestructure造价Loadingconditions荷载条件Preliminarydesign初步设计Allowablestressdesign允许应力设计（方法）Analysis分析Selectionofsection截面选择（sectionmodulus截面模量；plasticmodulus塑性模量）Secondarydesignitems次要设计项目Localbuckling局部屈曲Deflections扰度Stiffness刚度Brittlefracture脆断Lesson23干扰，效应disturbance定位orientation仓库warehouse不规则的，不平的uneven跨度，排架间距bay定性的quantitative校正adjustment恒载deadload活荷载liveload地震效应seismicdisturbance吊车运动cranemovement多层建筑multi-storybuilding最大正力矩maximumpositivemoment第26课：刚架rigidframe容许应力设计法allowablestressdesign塑性理论设计法plasticdesign规范specification标准criteria极限承载能力ultimateloadcapacity无限塑流unrestrainedplasticflow韧性ductility稳定性stability弹性分析elasticanalysis塑性分析plasticanalysis弯矩重分布momentredistribution临界设计弯矩cristicaldesignmoment等截面横梁raferofconstantsection加腋，加托臂haunch叠加，重合superposition安全储备marginofsafety破坏形式failuremode结构性能structuralbehavior塑性抗弯强度plasticbendingstrength非弹性失稳inelasticinstability在弯曲平面内intheplaneofbending在弯曲平面外outoftheplaneofbending横向扭转屈曲lateral-torsionalbuckling局部压屈localbuckling侧移sideswaylesson27残余的，残留的residual疲劳（乏），视疲劳fatigue有关的，相应的pertinent钢结构构件structuralsteelmember框架frames钢材性能propertiesofsteel规范specifications容许应力stressdesign塑性理论plasticdesignconcepts受拉构件tensionmember平板组合梁plategirders受压构件compressionmembers扭转效应effectoftorsion侧向屈曲lateralbuckling失稳instability残余应力residualstress安全系数factorofsafetyLesson28high-risebuildings高层建筑scarcity不足evolvesoutof来自于interpretation理解解释bulky庞大的isolated孤立的integralpart整体的、不可分割的部分multilevel多层次的versus对……与……比较inhabitant居住者ecological生态学的urbanization城市化migrate迁移density密度lightweightsteelcagestructure轻质钢架结构congestion拥挤anorganicinteractionsystem相互制约的有机体interaction交互作用skyscraper摩天大楼economicallyfeasible经济合理的zoningregulations分区规划条例