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第8页(共8页)Unit5Developingideas一、单词拼写1.Emittingtoomuchgreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxideliesatthe(根源)ofglobalwarming.
2.Currently,timely(发现)andisolationisstillthebestmethodtodealwiththenovelcoronavirusepidemicsituation.
3.Eachtimewesmoke,webreatheinaboutamillionparticlesforeachcubic(厘米).
4.Whencomputersarenetworked,theyareltogethersothatinformationcanbetransferredbetweenthem.
二、用方框内短语的适当形式填空drive...away;afterall;danceto;sidebyside;tinyamountsof1.Ithoughtyoumightknowtheexpert.,you'realsoafamouspersoninthisarea.
2.Fromthestudy,theresearchersconfirmthattheMartianatmospherecontainsonlywater.
3.PeoplebelievethatthetealeavespickedonthedayofGuyucanmakeeyesclearandbadluck.
4.Onfestivaldaystheygatherintheplazatothesoundofwoodenpipesanddrums.
5.Talkingtoeachother,thetwomenwalkedthroughthelonggallery.
三、阅读理解Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines(刺)thatdiscouragegrasseatinganimals.Hollyonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasswearsdowntheanimals'teeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar(毛虫)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly(多刺的)leaves,andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom(毒液).Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.1.Theleavesofthehollyplanthavemorespinesonthelowerbranchesbecausemostanimals________.A.arenottallenoughB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenotcleverenoughD.cangetthelowerleaveseasily2.Todefendthemselves,oaktreesuse________.A.chemicalmeans B.physicalmeansC.bitterchemicals D.sandymaterials3.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.Itsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattacked.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlants'Leaves四、阅读七选五Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.1
Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.
Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.3
Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4Thesynapses(突触)inthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.
IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemedtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.5“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.
A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.一、单词拼写1.root2.detection3.centimetre4.linked二、用方框内短语的适当形式填空1.Afterall2.tinyamountsof3.driveaway4.danceto5.sidebyside三、阅读理解1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.可知,冬青树底部叶子上的刺比上部多的原因是动物更容易够到底部的叶子。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.可知,橡树的叶子又厚又硬,很难被动物吃掉。所以橡树使用的是物理方法来保护自己。故B项正确。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的Whenacaterpillar(毛虫)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootst
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