新世纪大学英语1-Unit-7课文详解课课件

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlistentwiceasmuchaswespeak.EpictetusAGreekStoic（禁欲主义）philosopherQuestionforU:DoyouagreewithEpictetus?Stateyourreasons..Unit7RelationshipsandComm1

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationDoyouthinkthatinterpersonalskillsareveryimportantatschoolandatwork?Pleaseshareusyouropinions.Interpersonalskillsshouldbeconsideredveryimportantbothatschoolandatwork.Goodinterpersonalskills

enhancerelationshipswithfellowstudentsorcolleaguesandhelpbuildapleasantenvironmentforalltoworkin.Conversely,

poorinterpersonalskillscanoftenleadto

coldnessandevenhostilitybetweenoneanotherandmayleadtoinefficiencyinstudyoratwork..Unit7RelationshipsandComm2

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationUnit7RelationshipsandCommunicationKangMinTextAHowWellCanWeListen?TextBWhatWeCanDotoImproveHumanRelationships.Unit7RelationshipsandComm3

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationPartsMainIdeas12-45-78Theriseoftheissue:people’scomplaintsaboutothers’notlistening;thepossibleconsequencesoftheproblem.Theanalysisofthereasonsforthefailureincommunication:misunderstandingresultingfrompoorlistening.Howwecanbegoodlisteners.Conclusion:restatementoftheimportanceoflistening..Unit7RelationshipsandComm4

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationHowWellCanWeListen?KathleenT.McWhorter1.Itisnotuncommontohearpeoplecomplainingthatnoonelistenstothemandnooneunderstandsthem.Suchcomplaintscomenotonlyfromkidsbutalsofromadults.Howoftenisthisavitalcauseinthefailureofpersonalrelationships?Howoftendoesitcontributetobrokenhomes?Howoftendowehearofamarriedcouplewhofailtohavecommunication,orofchildrenwhofeeldeserted?Itseemssomethingmusthavegonewrong.我们时常听到人们抱怨说没有人聆听他们，没有人能理解他们。这样的抱怨不仅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人际关系不和谐，这不往往是个重要原因吗？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所赐吗？我们不也还常常听说夫妻之间无法交流，孩子感觉被遗弃吗？看来这其中一定出了什么问题。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm5

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.Expertstendtoresorttotheterm“generationgap”toexplaintheconflictsbetweenparentsandchildren.Canthistermbeappliedtothecasesmentionedabove?Thoughtheremightberoomforhesitationintheadoptionofitwhen“generation”istakenintoaccount,itisfarfromwrongtoborrowtherestinmakingananalysis.Thereareboundtobedifferences,orgaps,intheopinionsoftwopeoplethatgiverisetoconflicts,andwaystoreducethemarebynomeanseasytobesought,butitisequallytruetosaythatthereisboundtobeasolutiontoeveryproblem.Partofthesolutiontohumanconflictsistoavoidmisunderstanding.每当父母和孩子之间发生冲突的时候，专家们往往会用“代沟”这一术语来解释。那么这个术语能否用于上面提到的情况呢？当然，如果细究“代”的本义，那么这算不上特别贴切，但是大可借用该术语的其他涵义来分析问题。两个人的观点之所以会引起纷争，肯定因为存在分歧，而要设法减少分歧又谈何容易！但是我们也同样可以说，每个问题肯定都会有办法解决。人际冲突的部分解决办法是避免误解。

.Unit7RelationshipsandComm6

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication

3.Misunderstandingoftenarisesfromalackofcommunication.Curiouslyenough,inamodernsocietywherenotafewadvancedtechnologicalmeansofcommunicationsuchasthemobilephoneandpagerhavebeendeveloped,peoplearestillconfrontedwiththisproblem.Investigationsshowthattechnologicalinventionsdohelpfacilitatehumancommunication.Theyalsoshowthatwhiletherearemoreopportunitiesforpersonalcontact,especiallythroughverbalcommunication,manypeoplestillfindtheirlistenersdonotlistentothem.Clearly,somethingiswrongwiththeirlisteningability.误解常常源于缺乏交流。令人纳闷的是，在现代社会，虽然发明了不少先进的通讯工具，如移动电话和传呼机，但是人们仍然面临这样的问题。研究表明，科技发明确实有助于人与人之间的交流。研究也同样发现，虽然人与人之间接触的机会增加了，特别是言语交流的机会增加了，许多人仍然发现没有人真正聆听他们说话。很显然，人们的聆听能力出了问题。

.Unit7RelationshipsandComm7

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.Peoplemaywonderwhytheirlisteningabilityisundesirablewhentheirhearingabilityisphysicallysound.Thisisabasicmistakeweoftenmake.Veryoftenhearingisconfusedwithlistening,astheyaresocloselyrelated.Believingthathearingisaphysiologicalfunction,whichcomestousnaturally,wetakeitforgrantedthatlisteningdoesnotrequiremucheffort.Expertsinthefieldofcommunicationsarequicktoattackthisbelief.Intheirview,listeningrequireshardworkandenergy.Whenpeoplearelistening,theyhavequickerheartbeatsandfasterbloodcirculation.Goodlistening,theythink,isnotassimpleasitmightseem.人们也许会问，为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢？这就是我们常犯的错误：因为听觉能力和聆听能力的关系如此紧密，我们经常把两者混淆。我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能，是与生俱来的，所以我们想当然地以为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。对于这种观点，交流领域的专家会毫不犹豫地加于指正。在他们看来，聆听既费神又费力。人们聆听时心跳加速，血液循环也会加快。专家认为，认真的聆听并不是我们想象的那么简单。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm8

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.Tobecomeagoodlistenerbeginswithconcentration.Thatlookseasyonthesurface.Intoomanycases,wehavetolistentootherpeoplewithphysicalandmentaldistractionsaroundus.Theringofthetelephone,theslamofadoororotherhumanvoicesaresomeofthecommonphysicaldistractions.Thementaldistractionsinone’sownmind,ontheotherhand,aremuchmoredifficulttoovercome,formanyreasons.Aspeakermaynotbeabletokeeppacewiththeworkingofthelistener’smind.Theaverageperson’srateofthinkingisfasterthantheaveragerateofspeech.Withmuchfreetimeleftattheirdisposal,thelistenersarelikelytobecarriedawaybytheirownthoughtsandtheysoonlosetheirway.Thatiswheretheproblemlies:listeningtooquickly..Unit7RelationshipsandComm9

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.要成为好的聆听者首先需要集中注意力。这表面上看起来很简单。在很多情况下，我们听别人说话时，周围都有外界的和心理的干扰，电话铃声、关门声、其他人的声音是一些我们常见的外界干扰。但是心理的干扰更难克服。这里面的原因很多，说话人可能无法跟上听话人思想的速度。常人的思考速度要比说话的平均速度快得多。当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候，他们就可能会太专注自己的思绪而很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。这就是问题的所在：听得太快！.Unit7RelationshipsandComm10

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.Sometimes,thelistenertendstoskippartofwhatisbeingsaidunconsciously.Sinceeachpersonhashisownrangeofinterests,whenthespeakertalksaboutsomethingthatisofnopersonalinterestorconcerntohim,hewould“switchoffthetalking.”Thoughhemightnodhisheadorrespondwithgestures,hismindiswandering.Thisautomaticcontrolexercisesitsinfluenceespeciallywhenthetopicistooboring.有时候，听话人会下意识地跳过说话人的一些谈话。每个人都有自己的兴趣爱好，如果说话人谈论一些听话人不感兴趣或与听话人无关的事情，听话人就会“关掉谈话”。虽然听话人可能还会点头或用其他肢体语言回应，他的思绪却游移到别的事情上去了。这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显。

.Unit7RelationshipsandComm11

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication7.Otherpsychologicalfactorsalsocomeintoplay.Aperson’sfeelingtowardsthespeakercanaffecthislisteningability.Ifhehasapoor

impression

ofthespeaker,becauseofhisappearanceorwhatever,itisquitenaturalthathewouldnottuneintothewordsofthespeaker.其他心理因素也同样会起作用。一个人对说话人的印象也会影响他的理解能力，如果听者对说话人的印象不好，比如由于说话人的相貌或某些原因，那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm12

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication8.Verbalcommunicationisagoodmeansforpeopletounderstandeachother.Whathastobeborneinmindisthat,toensurethatgoodcommunicationtakesplace,talkingandhearingarejustnotenough.Whenwehearpeoplecomplainthatnoonelistenstothemornooneunderstandsthem,weshouldbeabletoprovideanacceptableexplanation.言语交流是人们相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我们注意的是要确保交流的顺利进行，光凭说和听是不够的，当听到有人抱怨没人听他们说话或没人理解他们的时候，我们应该能够给他们一个合理的解释。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm13

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationTheriseoftheissue(people’scomplaints)Furtherreason:lackofgoodlisteningBenefitsofgoodlisteningHowtobeagoodlistenerConclusion↓↓↓↓Thereasons:differencesinopinion;misunderstanding↓.Unit7RelationshipsandComm141.人际关系personalrelationships2.促成contributeto3.感觉受冷落feeldeserted4.往往tendto5.借助resortto6.考虑在内takeintoaccount7.一定会beboundto8.引起giveriseto9.避免误解avoidmisunderstanding10.缺乏交流lackofcommunication.1.人际关系personalrelationships21513.生理功能physiologicalfunction14.血液流通bloodcirculation15.跟上keeppacewith16.任某人处置atone’sdisposal17.心理因素psychologicalfactors18.起作用comeintoplay19.忘乎所以becarriedaway20.牢记bear…inmind11.面临beconfrontedwith12.言语交流verbalcommunication.13.生理功能physiologicalfunction16

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.vital:adj.

extremelyimportantandnecessaryforsomethingtosucceedorexistRegularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的。Thetouristindustryisofvitalimportancetothenationaleconomy.NB:vitality

n.生命力，活力.Unit7RelationshipsandComm17

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWordsSplain:1.vi.expressfeelingsofpain,dissatisfaction,orresentment2.vt.expressdissatisfactionorresentmentManypatientscomplainofheadachesanddifficultyinsleepingwhentheytakethisdrug.员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。Theemployeescomplainedthatthewagesweretoolowandthebenefitswereinadequate.NB:complain→complaintn..Unit7RelationshipsandComm18

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.desert:vt.

leaveatadifficulttimeorinacruelway,esp.withtheintentionofnotreturningMrs.Smithwasdesertedbyherhusbandandhadtosupportfourchildrenonherown..Unit7RelationshipsandComm19

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication3.contribute:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomething1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionThevolunteerscontributetheirowntimetotheproject.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition.Unit7RelationshipsandComm20

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.resort:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)makeuseof;turnto(oftensomethingbad)forhelpManyhomelessteenagersresorttostealingwhentheirmoneyrunsout.2.n.aplacefrequentedbypeopleforrelaxationorrecreationahealthresortapleasureresortasummerresortatouristresort疗养地游乐胜地避暑地旅游胜地3.n.theactofturningtosomethingforaidorrelief;recourse反复实践是取得真知的方法。Repeatedpracticeistheresortofgaininggenuineknowledge..Unit7RelationshipsandComm21

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.apply:1.vt.(usuallyfollowedbyfor)requestorseekassistance,employment,oradmissionSheappliedforajobwiththelocalnewspaper.2.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)bepertinentorrelevant勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。Theprincipleofdiligenceandthriftappliestoallundertakings.3.vt.puttooradaptforaspecialuseWeshouldlearntoapplybookknowledgetosocialpractice.applyv.

applicationn.applicableadj.

appliedadj.

申请；应用申请；应用适用的；可申请的应用的.Unit7RelationshipsandComm228.analysis:n.

(pl.analyses)examinationofsomethingtogetherwiththoughtsandjudgmentsaboutitUnit7RelationshipsandCommunication7.takeintoaccount:(alsotakeaccountof/takeintoconsideration)considerorincludeparticularfactsordetailswhenmakingadecisionorjudgmentaboutsomethingThesefiguresdonottakeintoaccountthechangesintherateofinflation.NB:analyzevt.

analysisn.

analyticadj.

analystn.分析分析分析的分析家.8.analysis:n.Unit7Relatio23

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication9.bound:1.adj.verylikely;certain建立在金钱基础上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。Tlingtowardsaparticularplaceorinaparticulardirection这列火车是开往上海的。ThistrainisboundforShanghai.beboundfor(aplace)beboundtodosth.Collocation（搭配）:前往某地必定,一定.Unit7RelationshipsandComm24

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication10.arise:vi.

(arose,arisen)[usuallyfollowedbyfrom,outof]comeintobeingorbegintobenoticed;happen;appear疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。Accidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.arise:是不及物动词，意思主要指“出现，发生”（后接from形成词组，意为“起因于”）。例如：Anewdifficultyhasarisen.出现了新的困难。arouse:是及物动词，意思主要指“唤醒，唤起，引起”。例如:Theoddsightarousedourcuriosity.奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm25

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication11.confront:vt.

comefacetofacewith,especiallywithdefianceorhostilitySheconfrontedthevitalquestionofbeingbankrupt.

她面临要破产的重大问题。12.facilitate:vt.

makeeasyoreasier;help新建的地铁将便于人们去城市各处。Thenewundergroundrailwaywillfacilitatethejourneytoallpartsofthecity.Dividingstudentsintosmallgroupsusuallyhelpsfacilitatediscussion..Unit7RelationshipsandComm2614.keeppacewith:move,increase,change,etc.atthesamespeedassb./sth.Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication13.distraction:n.

somethingorsomeonethatdistracts,esp.anamusement宿舍里使人分心的事物太多，使我难以集中精力学习。Therearetoomanydistractionsinthedormformetoconcentrateonmystudy.工资的提高是否与通货膨胀同步？Arewageskeepingpacewithinflation?Thesupplyofmaterialscannotkeeppacewiththedemand..14.keeppacewith:Unit7Rela27

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication15.disposal:n.

theactofgettingridofsomething;removalHisdisposalofthedifficultypleasedeverybody.atone’sdisposal和at(或in)one’sdisposition

都表示“由某人任意支配”，即想怎么处置就怎么处置。然而前者特别强调两点：①任意使用；②任凭某人的指挥。他对这个困难的处理使大家都感到满意。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm28

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication16.ensure:vt.

make(something)certaintohappen我们可以保证把工作做好。Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.ensure,assure&insureAletterofintroductionwillensureyouaninterview.

Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews.Myhouseisinsuredagainstfire.

我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。凭一封介绍信准保你会受到接待。我的房子保了火险。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm291.See,listen,andbesilent,andyouwillliveinpeace.多看多听少多嘴，你会太平过日子。2.Thewisemanisalwaysagoodlistener.智者善听人言。3.Tomakeenemies,talk;tomakefriends,listen.要成仇敌，多讲；要成朋友，多听。4.Iliketolisten.Ihavelearnedagreatdealfromlisteningcarefully.Mostpeopleneverlisten.—ErnestHemingway,Americanwriter我喜欢倾听。从仔细聆听中我学到了很多。大多数人从不倾听。

——

美国作家E.海明威ProverbsandQuotations.1.See,listen,andbesilent,30

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationThanksforYourAttention!.Unit7RelationshipsandComm31

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlistentwiceasmuchaswespeak.EpictetusAGreekStoic（禁欲主义）philosopherQuestionforU:DoyouagreewithEpictetus?Stateyourreasons..Unit7RelationshipsandComm32

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationDoyouthinkthatinterpersonalskillsareveryimportantatschoolandatwork?Pleaseshareusyouropinions.Interpersonalskillsshouldbeconsideredveryimportantbothatschoolandatwork.Goodinterpersonalskills

enhancerelationshipswithfellowstudentsorcolleaguesandhelpbuildapleasantenvironmentforalltoworkin.Conversely,

poorinterpersonalskillscanoftenleadto

coldnessandevenhostilitybetweenoneanotherandmayleadtoinefficiencyinstudyoratwork..Unit7RelationshipsandComm33

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationUnit7RelationshipsandCommunicationKangMinTextAHowWellCanWeListen?TextBWhatWeCanDotoImproveHumanRelationships.Unit7RelationshipsandComm34

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationPartsMainIdeas12-45-78Theriseoftheissue:people’scomplaintsaboutothers’notlistening;thepossibleconsequencesoftheproblem.Theanalysisofthereasonsforthefailureincommunication:misunderstandingresultingfrompoorlistening.Howwecanbegoodlisteners.Conclusion:restatementoftheimportanceoflistening..Unit7RelationshipsandComm35

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationHowWellCanWeListen?KathleenT.McWhorter1.Itisnotuncommontohearpeoplecomplainingthatnoonelistenstothemandnooneunderstandsthem.Suchcomplaintscomenotonlyfromkidsbutalsofromadults.Howoftenisthisavitalcauseinthefailureofpersonalrelationships?Howoftendoesitcontributetobrokenhomes?Howoftendowehearofamarriedcouplewhofailtohavecommunication,orofchildrenwhofeeldeserted?Itseemssomethingmusthavegonewrong.我们时常听到人们抱怨说没有人聆听他们，没有人能理解他们。这样的抱怨不仅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人际关系不和谐，这不往往是个重要原因吗？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所赐吗？我们不也还常常听说夫妻之间无法交流，孩子感觉被遗弃吗？看来这其中一定出了什么问题。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm36

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.Expertstendtoresorttotheterm“generationgap”toexplaintheconflictsbetweenparentsandchildren.Canthistermbeappliedtothecasesmentionedabove?Thoughtheremightberoomforhesitationintheadoptionofitwhen“generation”istakenintoaccount,itisfarfromwrongtoborrowtherestinmakingananalysis.Thereareboundtobedifferences,orgaps,intheopinionsoftwopeoplethatgiverisetoconflicts,andwaystoreducethemarebynomeanseasytobesought,butitisequallytruetosaythatthereisboundtobeasolutiontoeveryproblem.Partofthesolutiontohumanconflictsistoavoidmisunderstanding.每当父母和孩子之间发生冲突的时候，专家们往往会用“代沟”这一术语来解释。那么这个术语能否用于上面提到的情况呢？当然，如果细究“代”的本义，那么这算不上特别贴切，但是大可借用该术语的其他涵义来分析问题。两个人的观点之所以会引起纷争，肯定因为存在分歧，而要设法减少分歧又谈何容易！但是我们也同样可以说，每个问题肯定都会有办法解决。人际冲突的部分解决办法是避免误解。

.Unit7RelationshipsandComm37

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication

3.Misunderstandingoftenarisesfromalackofcommunication.Curiouslyenough,inamodernsocietywherenotafewadvancedtechnologicalmeansofcommunicationsuchasthemobilephoneandpagerhavebeendeveloped,peoplearestillconfrontedwiththisproblem.Investigationsshowthattechnologicalinventionsdohelpfacilitatehumancommunication.Theyalsoshowthatwhiletherearemoreopportunitiesforpersonalcontact,especiallythroughverbalcommunication,manypeoplestillfindtheirlistenersdonotlistentothem.Clearly,somethingiswrongwiththeirlisteningability.误解常常源于缺乏交流。令人纳闷的是，在现代社会，虽然发明了不少先进的通讯工具，如移动电话和传呼机，但是人们仍然面临这样的问题。研究表明，科技发明确实有助于人与人之间的交流。研究也同样发现，虽然人与人之间接触的机会增加了，特别是言语交流的机会增加了，许多人仍然发现没有人真正聆听他们说话。很显然，人们的聆听能力出了问题。

.Unit7RelationshipsandComm38

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.Peoplemaywonderwhytheirlisteningabilityisundesirablewhentheirhearingabilityisphysicallysound.Thisisabasicmistakeweoftenmake.Veryoftenhearingisconfusedwithlistening,astheyaresocloselyrelated.Believingthathearingisaphysiologicalfunction,whichcomestousnaturally,wetakeitforgrantedthatlisteningdoesnotrequiremucheffort.Expertsinthefieldofcommunicationsarequicktoattackthisbelief.Intheirview,listeningrequireshardworkandenergy.Whenpeoplearelistening,theyhavequickerheartbeatsandfasterbloodcirculation.Goodlistening,theythink,isnotassimpleasitmightseem.人们也许会问，为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢？这就是我们常犯的错误：因为听觉能力和聆听能力的关系如此紧密，我们经常把两者混淆。我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能，是与生俱来的，所以我们想当然地以为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。对于这种观点，交流领域的专家会毫不犹豫地加于指正。在他们看来，聆听既费神又费力。人们聆听时心跳加速，血液循环也会加快。专家认为，认真的聆听并不是我们想象的那么简单。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm39

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.Tobecomeagoodlistenerbeginswithconcentration.Thatlookseasyonthesurface.Intoomanycases,wehavetolistentootherpeoplewithphysicalandmentaldistractionsaroundus.Theringofthetelephone,theslamofadoororotherhumanvoicesaresomeofthecommonphysicaldistractions.Thementaldistractionsinone’sownmind,ontheotherhand,aremuchmoredifficulttoovercome,formanyreasons.Aspeakermaynotbeabletokeeppacewiththeworkingofthelistener’smind.Theaverageperson’srateofthinkingisfasterthantheaveragerateofspeech.Withmuchfreetimeleftattheirdisposal,thelistenersarelikelytobecarriedawaybytheirownthoughtsandtheysoonlosetheirway.Thatiswheretheproblemlies:listeningtooquickly..Unit7RelationshipsandComm40

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.要成为好的聆听者首先需要集中注意力。这表面上看起来很简单。在很多情况下，我们听别人说话时，周围都有外界的和心理的干扰，电话铃声、关门声、其他人的声音是一些我们常见的外界干扰。但是心理的干扰更难克服。这里面的原因很多，说话人可能无法跟上听话人思想的速度。常人的思考速度要比说话的平均速度快得多。当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候，他们就可能会太专注自己的思绪而很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。这就是问题的所在：听得太快！.Unit7RelationshipsandComm41

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.Sometimes,thelistenertendstoskippartofwhatisbeingsaidunconsciously.Sinceeachpersonhashisownrangeofinterests,whenthespeakertalksaboutsomethingthatisofnopersonalinterestorconcerntohim,hewould“switchoffthetalking.”Thoughhemightnodhisheadorrespondwithgestures,hismindiswandering.Thisautomaticcontrolexercisesitsinfluenceespeciallywhenthetopicistooboring.有时候，听话人会下意识地跳过说话人的一些谈话。每个人都有自己的兴趣爱好，如果说话人谈论一些听话人不感兴趣或与听话人无关的事情，听话人就会“关掉谈话”。虽然听话人可能还会点头或用其他肢体语言回应，他的思绪却游移到别的事情上去了。这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显。

.Unit7RelationshipsandComm42

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication7.Otherpsychologicalfactorsalsocomeintoplay.Aperson’sfeelingtowardsthespeakercanaffecthislisteningability.Ifhehasapoor

impression

ofthespeaker,becauseofhisappearanceorwhatever,itisquitenaturalthathewouldnottuneintothewordsofthespeaker.其他心理因素也同样会起作用。一个人对说话人的印象也会影响他的理解能力，如果听者对说话人的印象不好，比如由于说话人的相貌或某些原因，那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm43

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication8.Verbalcommunicationisagoodmeansforpeopletounderstandeachother.Whathastobeborneinmindisthat,toensurethatgoodcommunicationtakesplace,talkingandhearingarejustnotenough.Whenwehearpeoplecomplainthatnoonelistenstothemornooneunderstandsthem,weshouldbeabletoprovideanacceptableexplanation.言语交流是人们相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我们注意的是要确保交流的顺利进行，光凭说和听是不够的，当听到有人抱怨没人听他们说话或没人理解他们的时候，我们应该能够给他们一个合理的解释。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm44

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationTheriseoftheissue(people’scomplaints)Furtherreason:lackofgoodlisteningBenefitsofgoodlisteningHowtobeagoodlistenerConclusion↓↓↓↓Thereasons:differencesinopinion;misunderstanding↓.Unit7RelationshipsandComm451.人际关系personalrelationships2.促成contributeto3.感觉受冷落feeldeserted4.往往tendto5.借助resortto6.考虑在内takeintoaccount7.一定会beboundto8.引起giveriseto9.避免误解avoidmisunderstanding10.缺乏交流lackofcommunication.1.人际关系personalrelationships24613.生理功能physiologicalfunction14.血液流通bloodcirculation15.跟上keeppacewith16.任某人处置atone’sdisposal17.心理因素psychologicalfactors18.起作用comeintoplay19.忘乎所以becarriedaway20.牢记bear…inmind11.面临beconfrontedwith12.言语交流verbalcommunication.13.生理功能physiologicalfunction47

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.vital:adj.

extremelyimportantandnecessaryforsomethingtosucceedorexistRegularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的。Thetouristindustryisofvitalimportancetothenationaleconomy.NB:vitality

n.生命力，活力.Unit7RelationshipsandComm48

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWordsSplain:1.vi.expressfeelingsofpain,dissatisfaction,orresentment2.vt.expressdissatisfactionorresentmentManypatientscomplainofheadachesanddifficultyinsleepingwhentheytakethisdrug.员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。Theemployeescomplainedthatthewagesweretoolowandthebenefitswereinadequate.NB:complain→complaintn..Unit7RelationshipsandComm49

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.desert:vt.

leaveatadifficulttimeorinacruelway,esp.withtheintentionofnotreturningMrs.Smithwasdesertedbyherhusbandandhadtosupportfourchildrenonherown..Unit7RelationshipsandComm50

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication3.contribute:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomething1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionThevolunteerscontributetheirowntimetotheproject.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition.Unit7RelationshipsandComm51

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.resort:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)makeuseof;turnto(oftensomethingbad)forhelpManyhomelessteenagersresorttostealingwhentheirmoneyrunsout.2.n.aplacefrequentedbypeopleforrelaxationorrecreationahealthresortapleasureresortasummerresortatouristresort疗养地游乐胜地避暑地旅游胜地3.n.theactofturningtosomethingforaidorrelief;recourse反复实践是取得真知的方法。Repeatedpracticeistheresortofgaininggenuineknowledge..Unit7RelationshipsandComm52

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.apply:1.vt.(usuallyfollowedbyfor)requestorseekassistance,employm