中译英练习题

1.我们什么时候喝你的喜酒？Whenwillyouinviteustoyourweddingfeast?2.他的英语说得真好，就像外国人一样。HespeaksEnglishsowell.Hesoundslikeanativespeaker.3.你要有所弋获，则必须在学习中不断深入。弋获：射而得禽。泛指擒获。译：Ifyouwanttogainanything,youmustconstantlydeepenyourstudies.SenseofGrammar新学期已经过去一个月了。Onemonthhaspassedsincethenewtermbegan.假期从明天开始。Thevacationbeginstomorrow.SenseofIdiomaticness地道；惯用法意识中国矿产丰富Chinaisrichinminerals.今天食堂吃饺子。Jiaoziareservedinthecanteentoday.吃食堂味道不好。Thefoodservedinthecanteendoesn’ttastegood.SenseofCoherence连贯性；条理性我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多，家里最大的是我，才十三岁，就唱戏养家了。Myfamilywashardup,withFatherapeddler,Motherahousewife,andsomanychildrentofeed.Atthirteen,astheeldestchild,Iactedtohelpsupportthefamily.办年货todoSpringFestivalshopping坐月子thenewmother’smonth-longconfinementforrelaxation他本来想要多给你一点帮助的，只是他近来太忙了。Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusyrecently.2.从他的话音里，我能听出东西来。Icantellsomethingfromthetoneofhisvoice.3.我们享受公费医疗。Weareentitledtofreemedicalcare.例1.问题是到哪儿去找答案。Theproblemiswheretofindtheanswer.例2.科学家必须知道怎样运用数学以求得对问题的准确答案。Itisnecessarythatascientistknowhowtousemathematicstogetanaccurateanswertohisquestion.例3.你做什么没关系，重要的问题是你怎样做。Whatyoudodoesnotmatter.Thepoint/Theimportantthingishowyoudoit.例3中的“问题”是指“关键所在”、“要点”、“要害”、“重要的事”，可译为Thepoint。也可用Theimportantthing生活中可写的东西是很多的，问题在于发掘和提炼。Therearemanythingsinlifethatonecanwriteabout,butthepointishowtoexploreandselectthem.例4.我不断参阅论述那些问题的著作。Ihaveconstantlyreferredtoworksdealingwiththosesubjects.例4中的“问题”是指需要研究的“学科”或“论题”，故译为subjects。例5.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.例5中的“问题”是指人们谈论的“话题”，故译为topic。例6.那台车床出问题了。Somethinghasgonewrongwiththatlathe.例6中的“出问题”是指“出了毛病”,故译为somethinghasgonewrong。例7.一路上没出问题。Thetripwentoffwithoutmishap.例7中的“问题”是指“意外或不幸的事”，故译为mishap。例1.他做事极其小心。Hedidhisworkwithgreatcare.例2.小心不要打破鸡蛋。Becarefulnottobreaktheeggs.例3.巡逻队必须小心,免遭敌人伏击。Thepatrolsmustbeontheirguardagainst(onthealertagainst)theenemy’sambush.这两口箱子轻重不一样。Thetwocasesdonothavethesameweight/donotweighthesame.工作要分轻重缓急，不要眉毛胡子一把抓。Workshouldbedoneinorderofimportanceandurgency.Youshouldn’ttakeup/graspallatonce.请你别见怪，他说话就是不知轻重。Pleasedon’tmindhiswords.Hesimplydoesn’tknowtheproperwaytotalk.4.“人家”你们村子上有多少人家？Howmanyhouseholdsarethereinyourvillage?他妹妹已经有人家了。Hissisterisalreadyengaged.这件事我是听人家说的。Ihearitfromothers.例1．他的英语水平比我的高。HeknowsmoreEnglishthanI.例2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。Wemustworkhardtoraisetoanewheightthemilitaryandpoliticalqualityofourarmy…例3.各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。Cadresatalllevelsshouldimprovetheirartofleadership.2.亲戚们送给她一笔钱作为她的学费。Therelativesofhersofferedherasumofmoneyashertuitionfee.3.这些钱你是白送。Youjustthrowawayyourmoney.4.下雨了，我给你送雨伞来了。Itisrainingnow.Ihavebroughtyouanumbrella.7.把犯罪分子送交法院审判。Handthecriminalovertothecourtfortrial.8.送君千里，终须一别。Althoughyouescortyourguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.进行社会主义革命tocarryoutsocialistrevolution进行一场激烈的争论tocarryonaspiriteddebate进行实地调查tomakeanon-the-spotinvestigation进行科学实验toengageinascientificexperimentdo/conductascientificexperiment进行核试验toconductanucleartest进行表决toputaquestiontovote进行亲切的谈话tohaveacordialconversation进行侵略tocommitaggression；toinvade进行抵抗toputupresistance;toresist进行协商toholdconsultationwith；toconsultwith进行攻击tolaunchanattack对党员进行党的优良传统教育toeducatePartymembersintheParty’sfinetradition取消一次会议tocancel（calloff）ameeting取消会员资格todeprivesb.ofhismembership取消决定torescindadecision取消禁令toliftaban取消诺言tokillthepromise3.抓：狗把他的手抓了。Thedogscratchedhishand.抓住机会grasptheopportunity抓苗头watchoutforthefirstsign抓生产attachimportancetoproduction抓住机遇valueopportunities4.上：上当 tobetakenin上瘾 tobeaddicted(tosth.)Getintothehabit上告 tocomplaintothehigherauthoritiesorappealtoahighercourt上年纪 tobegettingoninyears上钩 Torisetothebaitfallintoatrap上任 totakeupanofficialpost/assumeoffice上刑 toputsbtotorture我已吩咐我的手下人都上了子弹。（茅盾《子夜》）I'vealreadyorderedmymentohavetheirgunsloaded.2.“好”好教徒afaithful/pious/sincere/devout/devotedChristian好父母aloving/caringparent好儿女anobedient/filialchild好妻子avirtuouswife好丈夫adutiful/responsiblehusband一次性付款lump-sumpayment；fullpayment;（分期付款onhirepurchase;installment）一次性拖鞋disposableslippers;一次性筷子throwawaychopsticks一次性密码Onetimepassword一次性解决问题Tosolvetheproblemonceandforall1．在中国，离开了武装斗争就没有无产阶级的地位，就没有人民的地位，就没有共产党的地位。Withoutarmedstruggle,neithertheproletariat[,prəule'tɛəriət],northepeople,northeCommunistPartywouldhaveanystandingatallinChina.2．新老干部要互相学习，互相帮助，取长补短。Oldandnewcadresshouldlearnfromandhelpeachother,tomakeupforeachother’sdeficiencies.3．我们必须培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。Wemustcultivatetheabilitytoanalyseandsolveproblems.4．这件事要尽量快办。Thismatterneedsimmediateaction.5．他一开口总是三句话不离本行。Hecanhardlyopenhismouthwithouttalkingshop.6．多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。Formanyyearstherehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.7．他的朋友们听到他家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。Afterhisfriendsheardabouthisfamilydifficulties,theyofferedhimahelpinghand.8．每条河流都有上游、中游和下游。Everyriverhasitsupper,middleandlowerreaches.9．人们利用科学去了解自然，改造自然。Peopleusesciencetounderstandandchangenature.10．我们必须认真帮助他们解决工作问题和学习问题。Wemustearnestlyhelpthemsolvetheirproblemsofworkandstudy.11．我国少数民族有三千多万人。Theminoritynationalitiesinourcountrynumbermorethanthirtymillion.12．我昨天没进城，一来是因为天气不好，二来是因为我不舒服。Ididn’tgototownyesterdaybothbecauseofthenastyweatherandthefactthatIwasnotfeelingmyself.13．他们是多年的邻居，一旦分别，不免依依不舍。Afterbeinggoodneighborsforyears,theycan’tbeartopartfromeachother.14．他把事情一五一十地都给父母讲了。Hetoldhisparentsthewholestoryexactlyasithadhappened.在一些发达国家，手机数量已经超过了传统电话的数量。Insomedevelopedcountries,themobilephoneshaveoutnumberedthetraditionaltelephones.来自在线交易的竞争对邮政业务构成了威胁。Theonlinetransactionisthreateningthepostalservice.汽车业一直是环保主义者攻击的对象。Theautomobileindustryhasalwaysbeenattackedbyenvironmentalists.她每天来我们家干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。Shecameovertoworkatourhouseeveryday------sweeping,scrubbingandcleaning.像这一类的问题有不少，如果处理不当，就很容易动摇我们的方针，影响改革的全局。Therearemanymoreissuesofthiskind,andifnotproperlyhandled,theycouldeasilyshakeourpoliciesandaffecttheoverallsituationofreform.我们满怀信心，昂首阔步迈向21世纪。Weareadvancingconfidentlytowardsthe21stcentury.市场商品供应丰富多彩。Themarkethadanadequatesupplyofcommodities.海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。TheChineseonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitsareofthesamefleshandblood.在工作中，大家都必须杜绝浪费现象。Wemustputanendtowasteinourwork.关于利润分配问题，我们没有异议。Wedon’tdifferinourprofitdistribution.孔子开创了中国教育史上的私人讲学事业。TheConfuciusbecamethefirstindividualtoinitiateaprivateschool.看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。Thesightofthemiserablescenemadepeoplesopanic-strickenthatsomeofthemevenconceived我一想到还要在这里再呆一年就浑身不舒服。Thethoughtofspendinganotheryearheremakesmephysicallysick.1.这个拐角处曾发生过多起交通事故。Thecornerhasseenmanycaraccidents.2.2011年召开了十一届全国人大三次会议。Theyear2011witnessedtheconvocationofthe3rdsessionofthe11thNationalPeople’sCongress.3.古今中外，在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。Thereexistsalawatalltimesandinallcountriesthatthegreatfisheatupthesmallintheworldofbusiness．1.外高桥保税区是中国大陆第一个自由贸易区，她是以出口加工和自由贸易相结合的一个综合型对外开放区域。//位于浦东新区东北端，濒临长江口，距市中心20公里。//改译：ShanghaiWaigaoqiaoFreeTradeZoneisthefirstofitskindonChina’smainland,orratheracomprehensivefreetradezoneopentotheoutsideworldcharacterizedbyfreetradealongwithexportprocessing.//OverlookingtheYangtzeRiverestuary,thezoneislocatedinthenortheastendofthePudongNewAreaofShanghai,20kilometersfromthedowntowndistrictofthecityproper.//3.我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样;谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的，谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子，奶奶总是要说:这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬走吧。Iusedtofeelsorryforthatuglyblackpieceofstonelyinglikeanoxinfrontofourdoor;noneknewwhenitwasleftthereandnonepaidanyattentiontoit，exceptatthetimewhenwheatwasharvestedandmygrandma，seeingthegrainsofwheatspreadalloverthegroundinthefrontyardofthehouse，wouldgrumble:“Thisuglystonetakessomuchspace.Moveitawaysomeday.”1.茶会上只会供应茶和蛋糕。Onlyteaandcakeswillbeservedattheteaparty.2.石油价格自去年以来稳步上升。3.我希望一年四季都是春天Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.4.今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。Somethingthatshouldn’thavebeenmentionedwassaidheretonight.5.面包和牛奶是少数政府不打税的东西。Breadandmilkisoneofthefewthingsthatthe6.在西方，吃饭用的是刀和叉。Inthewest,forkandknifeisusedforhavingdinner.7.当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。Vocationaleducationandadulteducationarebeingpushedonenergeticallyinourcountry.8.（政策）谁想变也变不了。Noonecouldchangethisevenifhewantedto.1.他咳着从祖父的房间里慢慢走出来。（《家》）原文中的“咳着”显然是表示状态的次要动词，因而在译文中转换成分词短语，这种译文句子就主次分明，层次感很好。Coughing,hestrolledoutoftheroomofGrandpa.

2.妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊哼着眠歌。（《荷塘月色》）显然，“拍着闰儿”是主要动词，而”哼着眠歌”是次要成分，故可译成伴随状态的分词短语。Intheroom,mywifewaspattingtheson,Run-er,sleepilyhummingacradlesong.3.双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番就各自走开……四个动词连用。“双方见面”是表示时间关系的从属成分，在译文中译成时间状语，“寒暄几句”和“聊一番”则是并列关系，可译成两个并列谓语。Whentwostrangersareintroducedtoeachother,theywillgreeteachotherbriefly,orevenchatcasuallyforquiteafewminutes,andthenexcusethemselves.4.海洋覆盖了地球表面的71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分。可把汉语句子中的非主要谓语译成从句的形式。Theocean,whichcovers71percentoftheearth’ssurface,isabasiccomponentoftheglobalbio-supportsystem.6.从我们这些年的经验来看，经济发展隔几年上一个台阶，是能够办到的。Judgingfromtheexperienceoftheseyears,wefinditpossibleforoureconomytoreachahigherleveleveryfewyears.7.由于英语被接受为联合国的官方语言之一，这就使英语在国际外交场合使用得更加广泛。TheacceptanceofEnglishasoneoftheofficiallanguagesfortheUnitedNationshaspromoteditsuseintheinternationaldiplomacy.9.流言蜚语使他们之间的友谊变成了怨仇。Theirfriendshipwasturnedintoenmitythroughidlegossip.10.人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。Thisissuehasnotyetbeenthoroughlyexplored.11.人们目睹了两位宇航员在月球上登陆。Thetwoastronautswereseentolandonthemoon.12.他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆炸。Hisabsent-mindednessduringtheexperimentsnearlycausedanexplosionofthechemical.13.他过去那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么时候你都不会忘记。Hehadafacethatisunforgettableonceitisseen.14.美国政府中有许多工作程序,为的是保证在作出决定前有关人士都能对政策表示意见。Americangovernmentsarefilledwithproceduresdesignedtoassurethatinterestedpersonsmaycommentonpoliciesbeforedecisionsaremade.15.我的态度，你现在骂我玩世不恭也好，不负责任也好，我告诉你，我盼望这一次是我们最末一次谈话了。Myattitude,youmaynowcallitflippancyorirresponsibility.Buttobehonestwithyou,Ihopethiswillbeourlastconversation.玩世不恭：因对现实不满而采取的一种不严肃、不认真的生活态度。Cynical:believingtheworstofhumannatureandmotives愤世嫉俗的Flippant:Lackingrespectorseriousness.轻薄的，轻浮的，无礼的展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。Lookingaheadatthesituationathomeandabroadatthebeginningofthe21stcentury，itcanbesaidthatthenextfivetotenyearswillbeanextremelyimportantperiodforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment.Theworldwidenewscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionisprogressingrapidlywithgreatmomentum.Theeconomicglobalizationtrendisgainingstrength.Manyneighboringcountriesareacceleratingtheirdevelopment.Allthisservesasaseverechallengeaswellasahistoricopportunityforustostrivetocatchupandachievedevelopmentbyleapsandbounds.我一直跟着母亲。IhavealwaysbeenwithMother.你是赞成还是反对这项计划？Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你想像不出他听到这个消息时是多么生气。Youcan'timaginehowangryhewasatthenews.四、N→V守财奴的特点是贪婪。Amiserischaracterizedbygreed.中子(Neutrons)的作用不同于质子(protons)。Neutronsactdifferentlyfromprotons.他是世上一切邪恶的化身。Hepersonifiedalltheevilintheworld.五、N→Adj.他有口才，有风度。Hewaseloquentandelegant.冰的密度比水小。Iceisnotasdenseaswater.1.中国成功地爆炸了其第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。China’ssuccessfulexplosionofitsfirstatombombcausedgreatrepercussionsthroughouttheworld.我们觉得解决这个问题并不难。Wefeelnodifficultyinsolvingthisproblem.张医生光明磊落，平易近人，热爱医学。Openandaboveboard,Dr.Zhangisamanofeasyaccessandhasastrongloveformedicalscience.学术交流是十分必要的。Academicexchangeisavitalnecessity.事实上，那个地区的和平之所以遭到破坏，正是他们的干涉所造成的。Infact,thedestructionofpeaceinthatregionresultedfromtheirintervention.学医很艰苦，成为一名医生需要很长的时间。Thestudyofmedicineisveryhard,andittakesalongtimetobecomeadoctor.语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。Themasteryoflanguageisnoteasyandrequirespainstakingeffort.1.杭州历来盛情招待来自全世界的游客和客商。Hangzhouhaslongbeenhospitabletothetouristsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworld.(V—Adj.)2.绝对不许违反这个原则。Noviolationofthisprinciplecanbetolerated.(V–N)3.他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。Theykeptonfightinginspiteofallthedifficultiesandsetbacks.(V–Prep.)4.邓小平在“十一大”上说：“一定要少说空话，多做工作。”DengXiaopingsaidatthe11thPartyCongress,“Theremustbelessemptytalkandmorehardwork.”(V–N)5.交朋友不能不加选择。Youcannotbeindiscriminateinmakingfriends.(V–Adj.)6.改革开放也使民族精神获得了新解放。Thereformandopening-uphasalsofurtheremancipatedthemindsofthepeople.(N–V.)7.一颗子弹从大树后面飞来，穿透他的衣服，射入他的身体。Abulletcamefrombehindabigtree,throughhisclothes,intohisbody.(V–Prep.)8.水资源稀缺是我国经济和社会发展的严重制约因素。Lackofwaterresourcesisaseriouslimitationontheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofourcountry.(Adj.–N)9.微型计算机的迅速推广，无疑会引起许多社会问题。Therapidproliferationofmicrocomputerwilldoubtlesslycausemanysocialdislocations.(Adv.–Adj.)10.我们的教育方针，应该使受教育者在德育、智育、体育几方面都得到发展。Oureducationalpolicymustenableeveryonewhoreceivesaneducationtodevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysically.(N–Adv.)近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，//取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。//今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，//建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字）Inrecentyears，urbanizationinChinahassteppedintoanacceleratingphase.//Amidstmagnificentachievements，therehaveemergedsomecomplicatedproblems.//Thecruxisthatthecitiesandthecountrysidearedevelopingatsucharapidrate，onsuchalargescale，withsuchenormouscapital，insuchavastextentthattheyhavesurpassedanyhistoricalperiodChinahaseverwitnessedbefore.//Virtually，buildingconstructionhastodaybecomeamajoreconomicpursuitinChina.1.会议将于明天下午在303教室举行。2.我是在北京工作时认识他的。3.甚至在夏天，他也勤奋地工作，以求达到他的目标。表目的：toreachhisgoal4.除了太阳以外，看起来月亮是天空中最大的物体。除了（介词）：exceptfor5.因为大火，数千人无家可归。因为（介词）：becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto6.从山顶我们可以俯瞰全城。Fromthemountaintop1.Themeetingwilltakeplace/beheldinRoom303tomorrowafternoon.2.Igottoknowhim/madehisacquaintancewhenIwasworkinginBeijing.3.Heworkeddiligently/hardeveninsummertoreachhisgoal/withaviewtoattaininghisaims.4.ThemoonappearstobethebiggestobjectintheskyexceptfortheSun.5.Thousandsofpeoplebecamehomelessbecauseofthebigfire./Onaccountofthebigfire,thousandsofpeoplewererenderedhomeless.6.Wecanhaveabird’sviewofthewholecityfromthemountaintop./Fromthetopofthehill,wesawthewholecitybelowus.据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。（122字）Accordingtoresearchers'estimate,Europe'spopulationwillcontinuetodeclinefordecades.Atpresent1.5babiesarebornforeveryEuropeanUnionwoman，whentwobirthsarerequiredforthepopulation“replacementrate”tobemaintained.Evenifwomenstartedtohavemorechildrenagain，thetendencytopopulationdeclinewouldcontinuefordecades，astherewillbefewerparentsinthenextgenerationthaninthisone.正说反说的灵活性1.我们不否认我们工作中有缺点。Wedon’tdenythatwehaveshortcomingsinourwork.Weadmitthatwehaveshortcomingsinourwork.2.每当他听到这支曲子，总要潸然泪下。Wheneverheheardthetune,hewouldbemovedtotears.Neverdidhehearthetunewithoutbeingmovedtotears.1.计划失败了，他在政治上多年不得志。Theplanfailedandforyearshelosthispoliticalpower.2.他试图避而不答我的问题。Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.3.他的秘书没有告诉他这件事。Hissecretaryfailedtotellhimaboutit.4.他这星期有三天没有去上学。He’smissedschoolthreedaysthisweek.5.这个计算上的错误没有被会计发觉。Theerrorincalculationescapedtheaccountant.2.NOUN170具有否定意义的名词:absence,omission,failure,refusal,lack,ignorance,neglect,exclusion,denial,scarcity,shortage,etc.①她未被邀请参加会议，这使她的自尊心大受伤害。Herexclusionfromthemeetinghurtherprideverymuch.②由于台湾方面没有出席，这次谈判很可能取消。ThenegotiationislikelytobecancelledduetotheabsenceofTaiwanside.这次不成功是他成功的基础。Thisfailurewasthemakingofhim.这个地方处于无人管理状态。Thisdistrictwasinastateofneglect.这里供水不足。Thereislackofwatersupplyhere.他做了此事只是出于无知。Hediditjustoutofignorance.3.ADJ.170具有否定意义的形容词或形容词短语:missing，ignorant,freefrom,farfrom,safefrom,shortof,blindto,deafto,deadto,foreignto,etc.①

我的确不知道他打算干什么。Iamignorantofwhatheintendstodoindeed.②

他恬不知耻。Hewasdeadtoallfeelingsofshame.③这地方没有天花和瘟疫。Theplaceissafefromsmallpoxandplague.他不懂英语。HeisignorantofEnglish.那是他最不感兴趣的事情。Andthat’sthelastthingheisinterestedin.她对工作还不熟悉。Sheisnewtothejob老师发现有些学生不在。Theteacherfoundsomestudentsabsent.这个决定是不可改变的。Thedecisionisfinal.4.ADV.170具有否定意义的副词：seldom,scarcely,hardly,rarely,barely,down,otherwise1.现在谈论这件事还不是时候。Itishardlythetimetodiscussthismatter.2.会议关于这个问题几乎什么也没有提到。Scarcelyanythingwasmentionedaboutthisprobleminthemeeting.他变得焦躁不安，这是不难理解的。Hehasbecomeunderstandablyrestless.不出所料，今年夏天更热。Thissummerispredictablyhotter.她漫不经心地说：“哼，这有什么关系？”Shesaididly,“Well,whatdoesitmatter?”他不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸，打开来。Slowlyhepulledtheletteroutoftheenvelop,andunfoldedit.5.CONJ.170具有否定意义的连词：unless,until,lest,before1．这个国家还没有从地震灾难中恢复过来就又遭到恐怖袭击。Thecountrysufferedfromterroristattacksbeforeitrecoveredfromtheearthquake.2.如果贵方的订量不超过一万件，我们不能将价格下调5%。Wecannotreduceourpriceby5%unlessyourorderexceeds10,000pieces.战士们宁可战斗到死，而决不投降。Thesoldierswouldfighttodeathbeforetheysurrender.如果他不通知我，我就不去。IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.还没有等我们回来,客人就走了。Theguesthadalreadygonebeforewecameback.你不放我走我就一直喊叫。Iwon’tstopshoutingtillyouletmego.6.PREP.171具有否定意义的介词：without,beyond,against,hehind,below,above,inspiteof,insteadof,past1.我实在无法理解她为什么嫁给这么一个烟鬼。Itisbeyondmewhyshemarriedsuchaheavysmoker.2.他虽然贫穷，但无论如何也不会说谎。Poorashewas,hewasabovetellingalieinanycase.干这事我力不胜任。Todothisisbeyondmyability.他无权这样做。Itwasbeyondhispowertodoso.你所说的我不懂。Whatyou’vesaidisaboveme.这似乎不符合自然规律。Itseemsagainstnature.他不至于做卑鄙和欺骗人的事情。Heisabovemeannessanddeceit.她的品行不容怀疑。Herbehaviourwasabovesuspicion.7.PHRASE171具有否定意义的词组：morethan,ratherthan,knowbetterthan,otherthan1.他宁愿辞职，也不想参与这种肮脏的交易。He’dratherresignthangethimselfinvolvedinthenastydeal.2.这双鞋谈不上好看，穿起来倒很舒服。Thispairofshoesiscomfortableratherthanpretty.今天的世界还很不安宁。Theworldtodayisfarfrompeaceful.这一解释远不能令人满意。Theexplanationisfarfrombeingsatisfactory.他希望过无忧无虑的生活。Hewishestolivealifefreefromcare.事实真相同你想的完全不同。Thetruthisquiteotherthanwhatyouthink.1.他似乎总是工作忙个不完。Healwaysseemedtoobusywithhiswork.2.不准换车道。Keepinlane.3.我一夜没合眼。Ilayawakeallnight.4.恕不找零。Pleasetenderexactfare.5.昨天他没准时到校。Yesterdayhefailedtogettoschoolontime.6.她去车站接丈夫，但在人群中没有见到他。Shewenttothestationtomeetherhusband,butmissedhiminthecrowd.7.如果谷物收成不好，将会出现严重的粮荒。Ifthecropsfailtherewillbeaseriousfoodshortage.8.十八岁以下的人不得参加这个俱乐部。Peopleunder18areexcludedfromjoiningtheclub.我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本点。Thesebasicconceptsmustbekeptinmindinourdiscussion.党的十六大充分表明我们党兴旺发达，后继有人。The16thPartycongressfullydemonstratedthatourPartyisflourishingandhasnolackofsuccessors.到目前为止，该组织辜负了世界人民所赋予的希望。Thisorganizationhasnot,sofar,justifiedthehopeswhichthepeopleoftheworldplaceinit.“我找老王说句话，马上就回来”.“JusttohaveawordwithWang.Iwon’tbelong!”我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。Wewillliveuptotheexpectationsofourpeople.在收据尚未签字以前不得付款。Themoneyshouldbepaidonlyafterthereceipthasbeensigned.他提前三天到达是我们没想到的。Hisarrivalthreedaysinadvanceisbeyondourexpectation.毋庸置疑，中国的航空航天工业在过去的四十年中已取得了辉煌的成就。ItisbeyonddoubtthatChinahasmadebrilliantachievementsinaviationandspaceindustryinthelastfortyyears.我们完全不知道他的计划。Weareincompleteignoranceofhisplan.正如没经历过大事的人一样，他是经不起成功也经不起失败的。Likethoseoflittleexperience,hewaseasilyelatedbysuccessanddeflatedbyfailure.他的暗示没有引起我的注意。Hishintsescapedme.我认为他不对。他昨天没有露面。Idon’tthinkheiscorrect.hefailedtoturnupyesterday.证据确凿，毋庸置疑。Theevidenceisconclusive,excludingallpossibilitiesofdoubt.那件事没有减弱我们的决心，反倒增强了我们的决心。Thatservedtostrengtheninsteadofweakenourdetermination.(or:Thatstrengthened,ratherthanweakened,ourdetermination.)

到2020年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点，每年可能将出现1500万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟——滋生出来的。（101字）Cancerratesworldwidecouldincreaseby50percentby2020，reaching15millionnewcasesayear.TheWorldHealthOrganization'sWorldCancerReportsaysthatifnopreventivemeasuresaretakenincreasesofthisorderareinevitablebecausetheystemfromhabits-----suchassmoking-----thatarealreadyestablished.世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病——这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，15岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）Throughouttheworld36millionpeoplearesufferingfromAIDS，whichismorethanthewholepopulationofAustralia.Atpresent，AIDSisthefourthleadingcauseofdeathinthewholeworld，andthechiefculpritinAfrica.InAfrica，itdeprivestheworkersofjobs，familiesofincomingsandchildrenoftheirparents.InsevenAfricancountries，morethan20percentofthe15-to-49-year-oldpopulationisinfectedwithHIV.1．海南岛和台湾的面积差不多，那里有许多资源，有富铁矿，有石油天然气，还有橡胶和别的热带亚热带作物。海南岛好好发展起来，是很了不起的。HainanIsland,whichisalmostasbigasTaiwan,hasabundantnaturalresources,suchasrichironore,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasrubberandothertropicalandsubtropicalcrops.Whenitisfullydeveloped,theresultshouldbeextraordinary.which引导的从句说明海南的大小，这只是对主语HainanIsland顺便作的一点说明，不是主要内容，这句话重点说明海南岛的资源。2.我们的第一个目标是解决温饱问题，这个目标已经达到了。Ourfirstobjectivewastosolvetheproblemoffoodandclothing,whichwehavenowdone.

which代表主句中的tosolvetheproblemoffoodandclothing3.过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。Weusedtocopyforeignmodelsmechanically,whichonlyhamperedthedevelopmentofourproductiveforces,inducedideologicalrigidityandkeptthepeopleandgrass-rootsunitsfromtakinganyinitiative.以上三例，译文都用了which。2003年出版的LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish第4版关于which的用法有这样一段说明：used，afteracommainwriting，toaddmoreinformationaboutthething，situationoreventyouhavejustmentioned.这正是以上三例中which的用法。例1which引导的从句说明海南的大小，这只是对主语HainanIsland顺便作的一点说明，不是主要内容，这句话重点说明海南岛的资源。例2中的which代表主句中的tosolvetheproblemoffoodandclothing，例3中的which代表前面整个主句，都表示结果。4.深圳（搞特区）搞了七八年了，取得了很大的成绩。ButtheShenzhenSpecialEconomicZonehasachievedremarkablesuccessessinceitwasestablishedalmosteightyearsago.5.大错误没有犯，小错误没有断，因为我们没有经验。However,althoughwehaven’tmadeanymajormistakes,wehavemademanyminorones,becausewehavenoexperience.6.中国始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，中国对外政策的最高宗旨是和平。

Unswervinglypursuinganindependentforeignpolicyofpeace,Chinatakespeaceastheultimategoalofitsforeignpolicy.前半句是我们在外交场合经常说的一句话，大家都很熟悉，后半句才是这句话的重点，因此前半句用分词短语来表示。

7.现在，中国和东盟各国都在抓住历史机遇，按照各自的国情制定发展战略，不断发展社会生产力，保持经济的持续增长。Atpresent,bothChinaandASEANcountries,seizingopportunitiespresentedbyhistory,haveformulateddevelopmentstrategiesinlightoftheirownnationalconditionsandcontinuedtodeveloptheproductiveforcesandmaintainasustainedeconomicgrowth.和后半句所说的制定发展战略，发展社会生产力和保持持续增长相比，“抓住历史机遇”较为笼统，也就是说各国是在“抓住历史机遇”的情况下做后面几件事的，因此这一部分用分词短语来表述8.它们在国际和地区事务中发挥积极作用，不断推进自己的经济发展和社会进步，为亚洲和世界的和平、稳定与发展作出了重要贡献。Theyhaveplayedapositiveroleininternationalandregionalaffairsandconstantlyadvancedtheirowneconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress,thusmakingimportantcontributionstopeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinAsiaandtheworldatlarge.

前半句说的是它们做的事情，比较具体，译文用了谓语动词；后半句说的是做事情的结果或意义。较为笼统，所以用分词短语来表述。9.中国与东盟各国或山水相连，或隔海相望，在悠久的交往中，人民之间形成了深厚的传统友谊。Joinedtogetherbymountainsandriversorfacinge