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祈使句祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:Keepoffthegrass!勿踩草地!Puttheboxesinthesmallroom.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二.祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.行为动词原形+其它成分。例如:Makesentencesafterthemodel.根据例句造句。2.Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时要小心。3.Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。例如:Lethimgobacknow.让他现在回去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型:1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成Don’t+行为动词原形+其它成分。例如:Don’tsaythatagain!别再那样说了!2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成Don’tbe+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Don’tbecareless.不要粗心。注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。3.Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。例如:Don’tletmegowithhertomorrow.=Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Let’snottellherthetruthwheneverwemeether.无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。4.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No+名词/V-ing形式结构,表示『禁止做某事』。例如:NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!四.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式:1.祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用willyou;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’tyou。例如:Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要给我们写信,好吗?Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won’tyou?今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?2.祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用willyou。例如:Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?3.Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shallwe外,其它均用willyou。例如:Lettheboygofirst,willyou?让个那男孩先走,好吗?Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?五.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是『形式一致』,即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是『意思相反』,即Yes是『不』的意思;No是『是』的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。六.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。例如:LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。Hurryup,orwe」llbelate.快点,否则我们要迟到了。七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。八.祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如:Doshutup!快住口单项选择1.TheTVistooloud.Please________.

A.turnitdown

B.toturnitdown

C.turndownit

D.toturndownit

2._______lateagain,Bill!

A.Don'ttobe

B.Don'tbe

C.Notbe

D.Benot

3._______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.

A.Not

B.Won't

C.Doesn't

D.

Don't

4.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______?

A.willI

B.willyou

C.shallI

D.shallwe

5.Don'tmakesomuchnoise,______?

A.willyou

B.won'tyou

C.shallwe

D.

doyou

6.Doyouknowthegirl______underthetree?

A.stand

B.tostand

C.standing

D.stood

7.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.

A.bring

B.brings

C.tobring

D.bringing

8.________methetruth,orI'llbeangry.

A.Telling

B.Totell

C.Told

D.Tell

9.I'vekeptthedog_______Maomaoforalongtime.

A.Name

B.named

C.naming

D.toname

10.Don'tyouknowthat_______isgoodforourhealth?

A.swim

B.swimming

C.swam

D.swims

11.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?(改为祈使句)

12.Ifyoudon'tlistentome,I'won’tgo.(改为同义句)

__________me,orI'won’tgo.

13.Let'swatchthesportsgames.

(改为反意疑问句)

Let'swatchthesportsgames,__________?

14.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless.

(改为祈使句)

__________careless,please.

15.PleasesitnexttoNancy.

(改为否定句)

__________nexttoNancy.

16.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,please.(改为反意疑问句)

Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,__________?

17.Ifyoumove,you'lldie.(改为同义句)

__________,oryou'lldie.

18.Cometomyhousetomorrow.

(改为反意疑问句)

Cometomyhousetomorrow,__________?

感叹句感叹句指的就是用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。如:Wonderful!真棒!Goodheavens!天哪!Howcolditis!天气多冷呀!Howfasthedrives!他开得有真快!英语的\o""感叹句通常以how和what开头,其中what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词或动词。根据感叹句的不同结构,我们可以将它归纳为以下句型(其中的“主语+谓语”通常可以省略):句型一:What+名词+主语+谓语!Whatashame!真倒霉!Whatasurprise!真是没料到的事!Whatfoolstheyare!他们多傻啊!Whatnonsense!真是胡说八道!注意:如果是单数名词,其前必须要有不定冠词;如果是不可数名词或复数名词,则其前不用不定冠词。由于第一、二句中的shame和surprise均为可数名词,其前面用了不定冠词;而第三句中的fools为复数名词,所以其前不用不定冠词;第四句中的nonsense是不可数名词,所以其前不用不定冠词。句型二:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!Whatafineday!多好的天气呀!Whataslowtrainthisis!这列火车开得多慢呀!Whatcleverboystheyare!他们是多么聪明的孩子啊!Whatbeautifulweatherwehave!天气真好!注意:如果是单数名词,其前必须要有不定冠词;如果是不可数名词或复数名词,则其前不用不定冠词。由于第一、二句中的day!和train均为可数名词,其前面用了不定冠词;而第三句中的boys为复数名词,所以其前不用不定冠词;第四句中的weather是不可数名词,所以其前不用不定冠词。句型三:How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!Hownice!多好呀!Howwellsheplays!她演奏得多么好啊!Howbeautifulthecityis!这座城市多么美丽!句型四:How+形容词+a+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!Howtallaboyheis!他是一个多高的孩子啊!Howinterestingastoryitis!这是个多有趣的故事啊!注意:这类结构中的名词必须是单数可数名词,不能是复数名词,也不能是不可数名词,且名词前的不定冠词不能省略。句型五:How+主语+谓语!Howheworked!他多么肯干啊!HowImissedyou!我多么想念你啊!Howhewishedforadrink!他多希望能有点东西喝!这类\o""感叹句可为how的面省略了一个不言而喻的副词。如第一句可视为在how之后省略了副词hard,第二、三句可视为在how之后省略了副词much。感叹句专项练习一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1).________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!

2).________cutedogitis!3).________interestingthestoryis!4).________badtheweatherinEnglandis!5).________honestboyTomis

!6).________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!7).________goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!8).________excitingnewsyou'vebroughtus!9).________coolyournewcaris!10).________scarythesetigersare!二、选择填空。1._______fasttheboyran!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,how

B.What,whatC.How,what

D.What,how3.________deliciousthesoupis!I’dlikesomemore.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan5._______foolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan6._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan7.Imissmyfriendverymuch._______Iwanttoseeher!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan9._______beautifulyournewdressis!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan三、所给句子填空,使填空句变为相应的感叹句:1.Theboyswamveryfast.(同义句)______________theboyswam!2.Theschooltripisveryexciting.(同义句)___________theschooltripis!3.HeiLongjianglooksverybeautifulinwinter.(同义句)______________HeiLongjianglooksinwinter!4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary.(同义句)_____________________dictionaryitis!_____________________dictionaryis!5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.________________thestudentsarelistening!感叹句巧解:感叹句要看后面,即看形容词后的东东,1)若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用whata/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what。2)若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西,想都不用想,直接用how就OK了。如:例句1:Whatagoodboyheis!他是个多么好的男孩啊!/\形容词单数名词例句2:Whatgoodboystheyare!他们是多么好的男孩啊!/\形容词复数名词例句3:Whatcoldweatheritis!多么冷的天气啊!/\形容词不可数名词例句4:Howgoodtheboyis!这男孩多好啊!/\形容词乱糟糟★★★若没有形容词,而出现副词或是句子,直接用how.例:Howwellheplaystheguitar!他吉他弹得多好啊!/副词(what不可以修饰副词,看到副词直接用how)Howtimeflies!HowfastLiuXiangruns英语感叹句练习题一、选择题()1._______acleverboyheis!

A.What

B.How

C.What’s()2._______shedances!

A.Howgood

B.Howwell

C.Whatwell()3._______quiettheparkis!

A.Whata

B.How

C.Howa()4._____hisfatherworks!

A.Howcareful

B.Howcarefully

C.Whatcareful()5._____noisytheyaremaking!

A.What

B.How

C.Howa()6.______delicioussoup!

A.How

B.What

C.Whata()7.______heavysnow!

A.Whata

B.What

C.How()8.____oldbikeLiLeiisriding!

A.Whata

B.Whatan

C.How()9.______excitingmomentitis!

A.How

B.Howan

C.Whatan()10.______supperwe’rehavingtoday!

A.Whatadelicious

B.Howdelicious

C.Whatdelicious()11.________fineweatheritistoday!

A.How

B.Whata

C.What()12._____fasttheboysarerunning!

A.What

B.Whata

C.How()13._______themooncakesare!

A.Howdelicious

B.Whatdelicious

C.Whatadelicious()14.____surprisingnewsitis!

A.How

B.What

C.Whata()15.____timewe’rehavingtoday!

A.Whatagood

B.Howgood

C.Whatgood()16._______Imissyou!

A.What

B.How

C.Howdo()17.Look!______beautifulthatlakeis!

A.How

B.What

C.Whata()18.________slowlyTomruns!

A.How

B.What

C.Whata()19._____lovelythesnowlooks!

A.What

B.How

C.Whata()20.________usefulinformationitis!

A.Whatan

B.How

C.What()21._______beautifulflowerstheyare!

A.How

B.What

C.Whata()22._______lovelyagirlsheis!

A.What

B.How

C.Whata()23._______theylovetheircountry!

A.What

B.How

C.Whata()24._______longhairshehas!

A.Whata

B.What

C.How()25._______beautifulmusicwearelisteningto!A.How

B.Whata

C.What()26._______excitingafootballmatchitis!

A.What

B.How

C.Whatan()27._______hard-workingChinesepeople!

A.How

B.What

C.Howdo()28._______alovelyview!

A.Isit

B.Isn’tit

C.Aren’tthey()29._______timetheyhadyesterday!

A.Howwonderful

B.Whatwonderful

C.Whatawonderful()30.______worriedtheylooked!

A.What

B.How

C.Howare

二、把下列的句子改为感叹句。

⒈A:Jillisdrawingabeautifulpicture.B:___________________________

⒉A:MrWangisabusyman.B:___________________________

⒊A:Thecatisveryhappy.B:___________________________

⒋A:Thetractorisgoingveryslowly.B:___________________________

⒌A:Heisverylucky.B:___________________________

⒍A:Itisawetdaytoday.B:___________________________

⒎A:Theystartedearly.B:___________________________

⒏A:Theywaitedalongtime.B:___________________________

⒐A:Heiswearingalargeshirt.B:___________________________

⒑A:Thedolphinisplayinghappily.B:___________________________反意疑问句1.反意疑问句的特点反意疑问句是由两部分构成的:前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问,即“陈述句+附加疑问句”。反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循“三同一反”的原则,即:人称相同,动词相同,时态相同,前肯后否,前否后肯。反意疑问句的答语与一般疑问句相同,即肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。但注意在回答“前否后肯”的反意疑问句时,yes译为“不”,no译为“是”。Yourmotherisaworker,isn'tshe?你的母亲是一名工人,是不是?—Youwon'tgototheSummerPalacetomorrow,willyou?明天你不去颐和园,是吗?—Yes,Iwill.不,我要去。/No,Iwon't.是的,我不会去。2.反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定(1)陈述部分含有never,few,little,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,too...to...等表示否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句应用肯定形式。Therearefewpeopleintheroom,arethere?房间里几乎没有人,是吗?(2)陈述句部分是“therebe”结构时,反问疑问部分用“bethere”。Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthebuilding,isn'tthere?大楼前面有一棵苹果树,是吗?(3)当陈述部分的主语为指事(物)的不定代词something,anything,everything等时,反意疑问句的主语应用it。Somethingiswrongwithyourcomputer,isn'tit?你的电脑出毛病了,是吗?(4)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词somebody,anybody,everybody等时,反意疑问句的主语可用he或they,但不可用it来代替。Somebodywantstoseeyou,doesn'the(don'tthey)?有人要见你,是吗?(5)当陈述部分的主语为this,that等时,反意疑问部分的主语应用it。类似地,当陈述部分的主语为these,those等时,反意疑问部分的主语应用they。Thisisabeautifulpicture,isn'tit?这是一幅美丽的图画,是吗?Thosearen'tpeartrees,arethey?那些不是梨树,是吗?(6)若陈述句部分含有否定前缀的词,如:unhappy,impossible,untrue,dislike等,应把陈述句看作肯定句,构成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句用否定式。Bobdislikesvolleyball,doesn'the?鲍勃不喜欢排球,是不是?Jennylooksunhappytoday,doesn'tshe?今天珍妮看起来不高兴,是不是?(7)当陈述部分为Iam形式时,反意疑问句部分应该用aren'tI。I'mright,aren'tI?我是对的,是吗?(8)肯定的祈使句的反意疑问句可以用willyou或won'tyou;否定的祈使句的反意疑问句用willyou。Listentomecarefully,will/won'tyou?仔细听我说,好吗?Don'tplaywithfire,willyou?不要玩火,好吗?(9)以let's开头的祈使句,反意疑问句应用shallwe;以letus开头的祈使句,反意疑问句应用willyou。Let'sgotothepark,shallwe?让我们去公园,好吗?Letushelpyou,willyou?让我们来帮你,好吗?(10)陈述句部分若为主从复合句,反意疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。Jennysaidshewouldcometomorrow,didn'tshe?詹妮说她明天会来,是吗?【提醒】若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等,则反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致。(应特别注意否定转移的情况)IthinkTomisagoodstudent,isn'the?我认为汤姆是一个好学生,是吗?Wedon'tthinkyouareright,areyou?我们认为你不对,是吗?一、选择最佳答案填空1、Thepoormanneedsourhelp,______he?A.needB.needn’tC.doesD.doesn’t2、He’sneverwatchedsuchanimportantwatch,______?A.hasn’theB.hasheC.isn’theD.ishe3、Youhavefewfriends,______?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.youhaveD.youhaven’t4、Tomhassupperatschool,______?A.hasn’theB.hasheC.doesn’tD.doeshe5、He’salmostfinished______thebook,______he? A.reading,isn’tB.toread,isn’tC.reading,hasn’tD.toread,hasn’t6、Youwereonthefarmyesterday,______you?A.didn’tB.don’tC.can’tD.weren’t7、Don’tclosethewindow,______you?A.didB.willC.wasD.won’t8、Let’sgoshopping,______we?A.shallB.willC.wasD.is9、Joan’slateforschool,______?A.wasn’tsheB.hasn’tsheC.isn’tsheD.doesn’tshe10、Themeetingwillbeginathalfpasttwointheafternoon,______.A.doesitB.doesn’titC.willitD.won’tit11、Thesickman’sallowedtotakeawalkinthegardeneveryday,______?A.isheB.isn’theC.hasheD.hasn’the12、Therearefewpeopleontheplayground,______?A.arethereB.aretheyC.hasheD.hasn’the13、Tomcouldhardlyworkoutthemathsproblem,______he?A.couldn’tB.couldC.didn’tD.did14、Let’sgototheisland,______?A.won’tyouB.willyouC.shallweD.willwe15、Don’tforgettogivePollysomefoodandchangehewater,______?A.willyouB.shallweC.won’tyouD.doyou16、Therearefewpeopleonthatvillage,______there?A.didB.doesC.wasD.are17、Sheistooyoungtogotoschool,______she?A.didn’tB.doesC.wasn’tD.is18、Johnhadtojoinalongqueuetogetaticket,______?A.didheB.didn’theC.hadheD.hadn’the19、--Yourblouseisyellow,isn’tit?--______.A.Yes,itis.B.It'sred.C.I'mnotsure.D.Idon’tknow.20、Youhavemetbefore,______?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou21、AllenhasneverbeentoBeijing,______?A.hassheB.hasn’tsheC.hasAllenD.hasn’the二、完成下列反意疑问句1、Hehasalotofworktodo,____________?2、UncleWangforgottobringyourbag,____________?3、There’remorethantenpandasonthehill,____________?4、TomwantstogethisTVsetba

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