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Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际Cross-CulturalCommunicationUniCHAPTER1CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureCHAPTER1CommunicationandCulCross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureChallenge?Societiesaroundtheglobehavebeeninterwovenintoacomplexfabricofinterdependenteconomic,technological,political,andsocialrelationships.ThisiscalledGlobalization.Globalizationhasgreatlyincreasedtheeconomicstrengthofmanynationsandbringpeopletogetherfromdifferentcultures.However,itcouldresultingmorecompetitionfornaturalresources,internationalconflictsandsecurity,environmentalissues,andworldhealthissues. CHAPTER1-Communicationan
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureOtherchallenges:Duetotheworld'sincreasingpopulation,wewillsee...morepeoplearemovingtodevelopedcountries(shiftingpopulations).Thiscouldbringmorecommunicationissuesinmulticulturalsocieties.Meanwhile,agingpopulationinmoredevelopedcountriesCouldbringmorecommunicationissuesbetweenoldergenerationsandyoungergenerations(thiscanbetreatedasco-culture). CHAPTER1-CommunicationanCross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件NoDirectMind-to-MindContactNoDirectMind-to-MindContactWecanonlyInferWecanonlyInferWeseektodefinetheworldWeseektodefinetheworldCommunicationisself-ReflectiveCommunicationisself-ReflectiTheBrainisanopensystem-welearntocommunicateTheBrainisanopensystem-CommunicationhasaconsequenceCommunicationhasaconsequenc
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureDefiningCommunication:it'sadynamicprocessinwhichpeopleattemptstosharetheirinternalstateswithotherpeoplethroughtheuseofsymbols.PrinciplesofCommunication:Itisadynamicprocess b)ItissymbolicItiscontextual(situations) d)itisself-reflectivewelearntocommunicate f)ithasaconsequenceFunctionsofCommunication:GatherinformationaboutotherpeopleFulfillinterpersonalneedsEstablishespersonalidentitiesInfluenceothers CHAPTER1-Communicationan
DominantCulture
It'stheoneinpower-control.Controlthemajorinstitutionswithintheculturesuchas:church,gov.,education,military,massmedia,monetarysystems,etc.Co-CulturesTheyarenumerous.Distinctanduniquepatternsofcommunicationthattheyhavelearned.Canbebasedonrace,ethnicbackground,age,sex,orotherfactors.CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureDominantCulture Co-CulturesCCross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件WelearnourculturethroughproverbsOfferanimportantsetofinstructionsWelearnourculturethroughp
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureCultureisTransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationLearnedSharedBasedonsymbolsDynamicAnintergratedsystem CHAPTER1-CommunicationanWelearnourculturefromfolktales,legends,andmyths.TheEpicofGilgamesh Wencheng(Sumerian)WelearnourculturefromfolkWelearnourculturethroughartArtisasymbolicwayofcommunicating(picstakenfromTheCorningMuseumofGlass)WelearnourculturethroughaWelearnedourculturethroughmassmediaWelearnedourculturethroughCultureistransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationCultureistransmittedfromgeCultureisbasedonsymbolsCultureisbasedonsymbolsCultureissubjectedtochangeCultureissubjectedtochangeCultureisintegratedCultureisintegratedCultureisEthnocentricCultureisEthnocentricCultureisadaptiveCultureisadaptive
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureDefiningCulture:it'sasetofhuman-madeobjectivesandsubjectiveelementsthatincreasedtheprobabilityofsurvivalsatisfactionfortheparticipantsinanecologicalnichesharewiththosewhocouldcommunicatewitheachotherandlivedinthesametimeandplace.Subjectiveelementsinclude:values,beliefs,attitudes,orientations,andunderlyingassumptionsprevalentamongpeopleinthesociety.BasicfunctionsofCulture:adapttoaparticularecology,andincludestheknowledgethatpeopleneedtohaveinordertofunctionintheirownsocialenvironment.Elementsinclude:History,Regligion,Values,Socialorganizations,andLanguage. CHAPTER1-Communicationan
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureInordertostudycross-culturalcommunication,wemustpayattentiontothefollowing:Eachindividualareunique.Stereotyping.Objectivity.CommunicationisnotaCure-all. CHAPTER1-CommunicationanCHAPTER2
TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityCHAPTER2TheDeepStructureo
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityThedeepstructureofcultureistheunconsciousassumptionsabouthowtheworldoperates.Itmakeseachcultureunique,andexplainshowandwhyofaculture'scollectiveaction.Atthecoreofanyculture'sdeepstructureareitssocialorganizations(orsocialinstitutions).LessonsaboutlifeandwaysforlivingthatlifeIt'sbasedoncooperationThreemostenduringandinfluentialsocialorganizationsthatdealwithdeepstructureissuesareFamilyState(Community)Religion(Worldview) CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityWhydomostseriousconfrontationsandmisunderstandingscanbetracedtoculturaldifferences?DifferentcivilizationshavedifferentviewsontherelationsbetweenGodandman,theindividualgroupandthegroup,thecitizenandthestate,parentsandchildren,husbandandwife,aswellasdifferingviewsoftherelativeimportanceofrightsandresponsibilities,libertyandauthority,equalityandhierarchy. -p.51 CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityTheDeepStructureofCulturecontainsthefollowing:Aculture'smostimportantbeliefsHistory(origin)InvolvesdeepandemotionalfeelingsSupplymuchofaperson'sidentity CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityTheImportanceofFamily:Thefamilyistheprincipaltransmitterofknowledge,values,attitudes,roles,andhabitsfromonegenerationtothenext.Throughwordandexample,thefamilyshapesachild'spersonalityandinstillsmodesofthoughtsandwaysofactingthatbecomehabitual-p.55 CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityTraditionally,mostpeopleencountertwofamiliesduringthecourseoftheirlife:thefamilytheyarebornintoandthefamilythatisformedwhenandiftheytakeaname.Buttherearefewer"typical"AmericanfamiliesintheU.S.thaneverbefore.Mostofthesechangeswerebroughtaboutbythefollowing:EconomicchangesTechnologicalinnovationsDemographicsGenderrolesandopportunitiesforwomen (Examples:Singleparent,nevermarriedcouples,adoptedchildetc.) CanyouthinkofanysimilarchangesinChina? CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityGlobalizationhasmajorimpactontraditionalfamilystructureallthroughtheworld.Thetwocharacteristicsofglobalizationthathavebeenthemostresponsibleforthosechangesare(1)massmediaand(2)migration.MassMediaFamilyvaluesexposedtodifferentsetofvaluesExample:materials&moneyvs.spirituality&principlesMigrationMillionsofworkersleavetheirfamiliesandmovefromoneplacetoanotherplacetoseekjobsorhigherwages. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityFamiliesperformaseriesofkeyfunctionsinallcultures.Thesefunctionsincludeteachingmembersofthecultureabout
economics,socialization,valuesandreligion,individualismandcollectivism,andsocialskills. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryisthewitnessthattestifiestothepassingoftime;illuminesreality,vitalizesmemory,providesguidanceindailylife,andbringsustidingsofantiquity.Aculture'shistoryaffectsindividualperceptionandbehaviorandhowpeoplerelatetoanotherculture.Twoassumptions:Historicaleventshelpexplainthecharacterofaculture.Whatacultureseekstorememberandpassontothenextgenerationtellsusaboutthecharacterofthatculture. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryofUnitedStates:ThosewhooriginallyarrivedontheAtlanticcoastbroughtmanyEnglishvalues,systemoflaw,andthebasicorganizationofcommerceduring16thcentury.“Life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness”–libertieshadtobesecuredagainstabusivepowerofgovernment(independentfromBritain)Environmentalfactorsbroughtpsychologicaleffectsonthesettlers:survivalbasedonindividualism CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryofRussia:ThehistoryofRussianshavebeensubjectedtoinvasionandsuffering.(Mongols,Germans,Turks,Poles,Swedes,French,andEnglish)–therefore,militarizedabsolutism.Moldedbythetypeofleadershipthathascontrolthecountryforthousandofyears–followordersandaccept“words”(dictums)oftheirleaders.Adeepappreciationanddevotiontotheperformingartsandculturalarts.Thesizeoflandhavecreatedthepeopletothink(muse)aboutlife. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryofChina:“Considerthepastthenyou’llknowthepresent”–theimportanceofhistory.Historylinksallmembersoftheculture.China’slonghistoryofphysicalandculturalisolation.–maypartlyattributedtheirintensenationalpride.Theywerethesourceofthecultureofmostofneighbors.Consideredotherswereinferior.Viewfamilyvalueaspriorityandcivilizationhasbeenbuiltonagriculture-Collectivism CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryofJapan:Basedonseriesofislands,Japanisyetanotherisolatedcountry–strongsenseofself-identity,acutelyawareofanythingthatcomesfromoutside.250yearsoffeudalperiod–loyaltyforthefeudallordsinthepast(nowcompanies);disciplineandsacrifice;lackofindividualism.Collectivism–cooperativeefforts,groupidentificationandgroupaction. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructuCHAPTER3CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityCHAPTER3CultureandtheIndi
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityHowidentityinfluencesandguidesexpectationsaboutyourownandothers'socialroles,andprovidesguidelinesforyourcommunicationinteractionwithothers.Factorsinclude:politicalviews,religiousbeliefs,lifestylechoices,ethnicsimilarity,economicinterest,etc.Someselectedsocialidentitiesinchapter:RacialIdentityEthnicIdentityGenderIdentityNationalIdentityRegionalIdentityOrganizationalIdentityPersonalIdentityCyberandFantasyIdentity CHAPTER3-Cultureandthe
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityTheinitialexposuretoouridentitycamefromourfamily-wherewebegantolearnculturallyappropriatebeliefs,values,andsocialroles.Later,education
andmassmediacanplayaconsiderableroleinouridentitydevelopment.Three-stageidentitydevelopmentmodels(Phinney)Unexaminedethnicidentity-ethnicidentitysearch-ethnicachievementFour-stageidentitydevelopmentmodels(MartinandNakayama)Modelforminority:Unexaminedidentity-conformity-resistanceandseparatism-integrationModelformajority:Unexaminedidentity-acceptance-resistance-redefinitionandreintegration CHAPTER3-Cultureandthe
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentity CHAPTER3-Cultureandthe
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityTheDarkSideofIdentity-Stereotyping-ameansoforganizingyourimagesintofixedandsimplecategoriesthatyouusetorepresentanentirecollectionofpeople.canbepositiveornegativenarrowourperceptions(oversimplified,exaggerated,andovergeneralized)stereotypesarelearned(again,beginswithourearlyeducation)mayevolveoutoffearofpersonsfromgroupsthatdifferfromone'sownHowtoavoidstereotypes?awareofyourtendencytoengageincategorizationopentonewinformationandevidencebeingawareofyourzoneofdiscomfort CHAPTER3-Cultureandthe
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityTheDarkSideofIdentity-Prejudice(part1)-theyaredeeplyheldnegativefeelingsassociatedwithaparticulargroup.Thesesentimentsoftenincludeanger,fear,aversion,andanxiety.directedatasocialgroupanditsmembersinvolvewithevaluativedimension(right/wrong,moral/immoral)possesscentrality(strongbelief)Functionsego-defensive:holdprejudicewithouthavingtoadmit...utilitarian:receivingrewardsbyholdingontotheirprejudicialbeliefs.value-expressive:whentheybelievetheirattitudesareexpressingthehighestandmostmoralvaluesoftheculture.knowledge:abletocategorize,organize,andconstructtheirperceptionsofotherpeopleinamannerthatmakessensetothem. CHAPTER3-Cultureandthe
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityTheDarkSideofIdentity-Prejudice(part2)Fiveexpressionsofprejudice:antilocution;avoidance;discrimination;physicalattacks;exterminationCauses:Societalsources-majororganizationsandinstitutionsproducelaws,regulations,andnormsthatcreateprejudicewithinasociety.Maintainingsocialidentity-theconnectionbetweenouridentityandculturecanbepersonalandemotional.Anythingthatthreatensthatbondcanbecomethetargetofprejudice.Scapegoating-minoritygroupgetstheblame.Howtoavoidprejudice?Personalcontact&education CHAPTER3-Cultureandthe
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityTheDarkSideofIdentity-Racism-isanextensionofstereotypingandprejudice-thebeliefintheinherentsuperiorityofaparticularrace.canbecategorizedaseitherpersonalorinstitutional.institutionalcanrefertoschools,corporations,hospitals,orcriminaljusticesystem.maybeintentionalorunintentionalsomecanbeeasilytodetect,whileothersarealmostimpossible.Howtoavoidracism?TrytobehonesttoyourselfObjecttoracistjokesandinsultswheneveryouhearthemRespectfreedomExaminethehistoricalrootsofracism CHAPTER3-Cultureandthe
CHAPTER3-CultureandtheIndividual:CulturalIdentityTheDarkSideofIdentity-Ethnocentrism-isthenotionthatone'sowncultureissuperiortoanyother.linksethnocentrismtotheconceptsofstereotyping,prejudice,andracism.canbeviewedasthreelevels:positive,negative,andextremelynegative.mostpeopleareethnocentriccontributestoculturalidentityWhytherecanbeseriousconsequencesifyouengageinnegativeethnocentrism?Themoreethnocentricyouare,themoreanxiousyouare;whenwearefearful,wearelesslikelytoexpectapositiveoutcomeandlesswillingtotrustsomeonefromanotherculture.Howtoavoidethnocentrism?Avoiddogmatism CHAPTER3-CultureandtheCHAPTER4ShapingInterpretationsofReality:CulturalValuesCHAPTER4ShapingInterpretati
CHAPTER4-ShapingInterpretationofReality:CulturalValuesPerceptionistheprocessofselecting,organizing,andinterpretingsensorydatainawaythatenablesustomakesenseoftheworld. CHAPTER4-ShapingInterpre
CHAPTER4-ShapingInterpretationofReality:CulturalValuesPerceptionisselective.Apartofperceptionisdeterminedbyculture.Perceptualpatternsarelearned.BeliefsAstoragesystem.Shapedbyindividual’sculture.Acceptedastruths.Usuallyreflectedinyouractionsandcommunicationbehavior.ValuesBeliefsfromthebasisofourvalues.Representswhatisexpectedorhopedfor,requiredorforbidden.Canbeclassifiedasprimary,secondary,andtertiary.Beliefs–Value–Attitude–Behavior(p.139,Rememberthis) CHAPTER4-ShapingInterpre
CHAPTER4-ShapingInterpretationofReality:CulturalValuesCulturalpatterns=Perceptions+Perceptualpatterns(p.140Rememberthis)Culturalpatternsarecomplex,integrated,dynamic,andcanbecontradictory.Hofestede’s5ValueDimensionsIndividualismvs.CollectivismUncertaintyavoidancePowerdistanceMasculinityvs.FemininityLongtermvs.ShorttermKluckhohnsandStrodtbeck’sValueOrientationsHumannatureRelationshipbetweenhumankindandnatureSenseoftimeValueplacedonActivity?Socialrelationships CHAPTER4-ShapingInterpreCross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际Cross-CulturalCommunicationUniCHAPTER1CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureCHAPTER1CommunicationandCulCross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureChallenge?Societiesaroundtheglobehavebeeninterwovenintoacomplexfabricofinterdependenteconomic,technological,political,andsocialrelationships.ThisiscalledGlobalization.Globalizationhasgreatlyincreasedtheeconomicstrengthofmanynationsandbringpeopletogetherfromdifferentcultures.However,itcouldresultingmorecompetitionfornaturalresources,internationalconflictsandsecurity,environmentalissues,andworldhealthissues. CHAPTER1-Communicationan
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureOtherchallenges:Duetotheworld'sincreasingpopulation,wewillsee...morepeoplearemovingtodevelopedcountries(shiftingpopulations).Thiscouldbringmorecommunicationissuesinmulticulturalsocieties.Meanwhile,agingpopulationinmoredevelopedcountriesCouldbringmorecommunicationissuesbetweenoldergenerationsandyoungergenerations(thiscanbetreatedasco-culture). CHAPTER1-CommunicationanCross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件NoDirectMind-to-MindContactNoDirectMind-to-MindContactWecanonlyInferWecanonlyInferWeseektodefinetheworldWeseektodefinetheworldCommunicationisself-ReflectiveCommunicationisself-ReflectiTheBrainisanopensystem-welearntocommunicateTheBrainisanopensystem-CommunicationhasaconsequenceCommunicationhasaconsequenc
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureDefiningCommunication:it'sadynamicprocessinwhichpeopleattemptstosharetheirinternalstateswithotherpeoplethroughtheuseofsymbols.PrinciplesofCommunication:Itisadynamicprocess b)ItissymbolicItiscontextual(situations) d)itisself-reflectivewelearntocommunicate f)ithasaconsequenceFunctionsofCommunication:GatherinformationaboutotherpeopleFulfillinterpersonalneedsEstablishespersonalidentitiesInfluenceothers CHAPTER1-Communicationan
DominantCulture
It'stheoneinpower-control.Controlthemajorinstitutionswithintheculturesuchas:church,gov.,education,military,massmedia,monetarysystems,etc.Co-CulturesTheyarenumerous.Distinctanduniquepatternsofcommunicationthattheyhavelearned.Canbebasedonrace,ethnicbackground,age,sex,orotherfactors.CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureDominantCulture Co-CulturesCCross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际课件WelearnourculturethroughproverbsOfferanimportantsetofinstructionsWelearnourculturethroughp
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureCultureisTransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationLearnedSharedBasedonsymbolsDynamicAnintergratedsystem CHAPTER1-CommunicationanWelearnourculturefromfolktales,legends,andmyths.TheEpicofGilgamesh Wencheng(Sumerian)WelearnourculturefromfolkWelearnourculturethroughartArtisasymbolicwayofcommunicating(picstakenfromTheCorningMuseumofGlass)WelearnourculturethroughaWelearnedourculturethroughmassmediaWelearnedourculturethroughCultureistransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationCultureistransmittedfromgeCultureisbasedonsymbolsCultureisbasedonsymbolsCultureissubjectedtochangeCultureissubjectedtochangeCultureisintegratedCultureisintegratedCultureisEthnocentricCultureisEthnocentricCultureisadaptiveCultureisadaptive
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureDefiningCulture:it'sasetofhuman-madeobjectivesandsubjectiveelementsthatincreasedtheprobabilityofsurvivalsatisfactionfortheparticipantsinanecologicalnichesharewiththosewhocouldcommunicatewitheachotherandlivedinthesametimeandplace.Subjectiveelementsinclude:values,beliefs,attitudes,orientations,andunderlyingassumptionsprevalentamongpeopleinthesociety.BasicfunctionsofCulture:adapttoaparticularecology,andincludestheknowledgethatpeopleneedtohaveinordertofunctionintheirownsocialenvironment.Elementsinclude:History,Regligion,Values,Socialorganizations,andLanguage. CHAPTER1-Communicationan
CHAPTER1-CommunicationandCulture:TheChallengeofTheFutureInordertostudycross-culturalcommunication,wemustpayattentiontothefollowing:Eachindividualareunique.Stereotyping.Objectivity.CommunicationisnotaCure-all. CHAPTER1-CommunicationanCHAPTER2
TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityCHAPTER2TheDeepStructureo
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityThedeepstructureofcultureistheunconsciousassumptionsabouthowtheworldoperates.Itmakeseachcultureunique,andexplainshowandwhyofaculture'scollectiveaction.Atthecoreofanyculture'sdeepstructureareitssocialorganizations(orsocialinstitutions).LessonsaboutlifeandwaysforlivingthatlifeIt'sbasedoncooperationThreemostenduringandinfluentialsocialorganizationsthatdealwithdeepstructureissuesareFamilyState(Community)Religion(Worldview) CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityWhydomostseriousconfrontationsandmisunderstandingscanbetracedtoculturaldifferences?DifferentcivilizationshavedifferentviewsontherelationsbetweenGodandman,theindividualgroupandthegroup,thecitizenandthestate,parentsandchildren,husbandandwife,aswellasdifferingviewsoftherelativeimportanceofrightsandresponsibilities,libertyandauthority,equalityandhierarchy. -p.51 CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityTheDeepStructureofCulturecontainsthefollowing:Aculture'smostimportantbeliefsHistory(origin)InvolvesdeepandemotionalfeelingsSupplymuchofaperson'sidentity CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityTheImportanceofFamily:Thefamilyistheprincipaltransmitterofknowledge,values,attitudes,roles,andhabitsfromonegenerationtothenext.Throughwordandexample,thefamilyshapesachild'spersonalityandinstillsmodesofthoughtsandwaysofactingthatbecomehabitual-p.55 CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityTraditionally,mostpeopleencountertwofamiliesduringthecourseoftheirlife:thefamilytheyarebornintoandthefamilythatisformedwhenandiftheytakeaname.Buttherearefewer"typical"AmericanfamiliesintheU.S.thaneverbefore.Mostofthesechangeswerebroughtaboutbythefollowing:EconomicchangesTechnologicalinnovationsDemographicsGenderrolesandopportunitiesforwomen (Examples:Singleparent,nevermarriedcouples,adoptedchildetc.) CanyouthinkofanysimilarchangesinChina? CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityGlobalizationhasmajorimpactontraditionalfamilystructureallthroughtheworld.Thetwocharacteristicsofglobalizationthathavebeenthemostresponsibleforthosechangesare(1)massmediaand(2)migration.MassMediaFamilyvaluesexposedtodifferentsetofvaluesExample:materials&moneyvs.spirituality&principlesMigrationMillionsofworkersleavetheirfamiliesandmovefromoneplacetoanotherplacetoseekjobsorhigherwages. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityFamiliesperformaseriesofkeyfunctionsinallcultures.Thesefunctionsincludeteachingmembersofthecultureabout
economics,socialization,valuesandreligion,individualismandcollectivism,andsocialskills. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryisthewitnessthattestifiestothepassingoftime;illuminesreality,vitalizesmemory,providesguidanceindailylife,andbringsustidingsofantiquity.Aculture'shistoryaffectsindividualperceptionandbehaviorandhowpeoplerelatetoanotherculture.Twoassumptions:Historicaleventshelpexplainthecharacterofaculture.Whatacultureseekstorememberandpassontothenextgenerationtellsusaboutthecharacterofthatculture. CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryofUnitedStates:ThosewhooriginallyarrivedontheAtlanticcoastbroughtmanyEnglishvalues,systemoflaw,andthebasicorganizationofcommerceduring16thcentury.“Life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness”–libertieshadtobesecuredagainstabusivepowerofgovernment(independentfromBritain)Environmentalfactorsbroughtpsychologicaleffectsonthesettlers:survivalbasedonindividualism CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructu
CHAPTER2-TheDeepStructureofCulture:RootsofRealityHistoryofRussia:ThehistoryofRussianshavebeensubjectedtoinvasionandsuffering.(Mongols,Germans,Turks,Pole
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