中考备考第一轮教材梳理 新目标九年级 Units 12-14

人教版九年级全一册Units12-141._________n.背包2._______n.工人3._______v.

盯着看；凝视4._______n.机场5._______prep.&conj.

到；直到6.________n.

市场；集市7.________adv.

向西；朝西

adj.

向西的n.

西方8.________n.傻瓜

v.愚弄backpackworkerstareairporttillmarketwestfool9._______v.取消10._______n.官员；军官11.______adj.丑的12._______v.&n.花费13._________n.

外带食物14.______adj.残忍的15.________n.工业；行业16._______v.买得起17._____________n.

交通运输18._______v.

回收利用cancelofficeruglycosttakeawaycruelindustryaffordtransportationrecycle19._______n.

门20._______n.瓶子21.__________n.主席；总统22.n.______work23._______n.金属24._______n.调查25.________n.标准；水平26._______n.方法；措施27.__________n.

指示；命令gatebottlepresident

作品metalsurveystandardmethodinstruction28._______modalv.

将要；将会29._________v.克服；战胜30.________n.体贴人的31.______n.文本；课文32.______n.水平33._______n.（大学）学位；程度；度数34.________n.

经理35.__________n.先生；绅士shallovercomecaringtextleveldegreemanagergentleman36.________adj.口渴的；渴望的37._________adj.感激的38._______n.

任务；工作39.______adv.向前面40.________v.分离；分开41.______n.翅膀thirstythankfultaskaheadseparatewing1._______v.

期待；希望→_________adj.意料中的

__________adj.出乎意料的2.________v.睡过头；睡太久→_________adj.

瞌睡的3._______prep.在……上面→_____prep.

在……下面expectexpectedunexpectedoversleepsleepyabovebelow4._______v.

认为；相信→_________n.相信；信任

_________n.怀疑5._______v.着火；燃烧→burningadj._____________________6.______adj.活着；有生气的→______adj.生动的believebeliefdisbeliefburnalivelively灼热的;(感情等)强烈的7._______n.底部→______n.顶部bottomtop8.____________adj.窘迫的→____________adj.令人窘迫的

______________n.

尴尬9._________v.消失→_______v.

出现embarrassedembarrassingembarrassmentdisappearappear10._______adj.塑料的

n.塑料

_______adj.木制的plasticwooden11._________n.优点→____________n.

缺点advantagedisadvantage12._______adj.

有害的→_______n.害处13._______n.法律→_______n.

律师14.________adj.科学的→_______n.科学harmfulharmlawlawyerscientificscience15._________v.毕业→___________n.毕业16.________adj.高级别的→_______adj.

初级的17.___________v.祝贺→_____________n.祝贺graduategraduationseniorjuniorcongratulatecongratulation1.________________

商业学位2.____________

空气污染3.______________

在……顶部或顶端4.______________

对……有害5.__________

信任；信赖6.___________________

对……有责任；负责任7._________________

对某人心存感激abusinessdegreeairpollutionatthetopof...beharmfulto...believeinberesponsiblefor...bethankfultosb.8.___________

渴望；渴求9.__________恢复；使想起；归还10.______________

用……建造……11.____________在(某时间点)以前12._______________

直到……时候13.__________________

能负担得起做某事14.____________________

为某事祝贺某人15._____________

化装舞会16.______________________

环境保护bethirstyforbringback

build...outof...bytheendof

bythetime...canaffordtodosth.congratulatesb.onsth.costumepartyenvironmentalprotection17._________

首先18.__________

捎……一程19._________(时间)

逝去；过去20.________________指导某人做某事21.___________

连续几次地22._____________(与……)成一排23._______________沉住气；保持冷静24._____________

土地污染25.__________动身去某地26.___________

回首(往事)；回忆；回顾firstofallgive...aliftgobyguidesb.todosthinarowinlinewithkeepone’scoollandpollutionleavefor

lookbackat27.__________减肥28.______________

弄得一团糟29.__________________

达到某人的标准30.__________________

早读31.______________

噪音污染32.___________

付费；付出代价33.___________________

公共交通34.___________

拆下；摧毁35.________

穿上36.__________________

好好利用某物loseweight

makeamessmeetone’sstandardsmorningreadingsnoisepollutionpayforpublictransportationpull...downputonputsth.togooduse37._______________

冲出门外38.________________

科学研究39._________

卖光40._________________

高中41.____________

分离；隔开42.________

出发；启程43._________

赶到；露面44.__________

盯着；凝视45.____________

采取行动46._____________

外卖食物rushoutthedoorscientificstudiesselloutseniorhighschoolseparatefromsetoutshowupstareattakeactiontakeawayfood47.____________参加48._______________

教学方法49._____________食物链50.__________

扔掉；抛弃51.___________

转身；掉头52._________关掉53.___________

上下颠倒；倒转takepartin

teachingmethodsthefoodchain

throwawayturnaroundturnoff

upsidedown54.____________在……前面55.____________

连同；除……以外还56._______________愚人节57._______________________________

参加毕业典礼58.________________

做一项调查59.________________以做某事告终60.___________

(闹钟)发出响声61.___________继续；发生62.___________不信；怀疑aheadof...alongwithAprilFool’sDayattendthegraduationceremonydoasurveyendupdoingsth.gooffgoonindisbelief63.__________带来；导致64.____________

克服恐惧65._______________餐巾纸66.______________________

创办一家小公司67.________________

心中想；盘算leadtoovercomefearpapernapkinssetupasmallbusinessthinktooneselfBythetimeI...,...haddone...

当我……时，……已经……了。2.sb.isabouttodosth.when...

某人正要做某事，这时……3.sb.neverfailstodosth.

某人总能做某事。4.Thenumberof...hasfallenby...percent.……的数量已经下降了百分之……5.Notonlycan...,butitalsocan...

……不仅能……，而且也能……6....nomatterhow+adj.+

主语

+

系动词

……不管……多么……7.sb.take(s)timetodosth.

某人花费时间做某事。8.Thankyoufor(doing)sth.

因为(做)某事而感谢你。9.There+be+sb./sth.doingsth.

有某人

/

某物在做某事。1.aliveadj.活着，有生气的alive,lively,living,live单词词性意思用法及举例alive形容词在世的，有生气的作表语或后置定语。如：keep/stayalive活着lively形容词有生气的，生机勃勃的作表语和定语，可作前置定语。如：alivelychild单词词性意思用法及举例living名词生计make/earnaliving谋生形容词活着的，活的可作表语、前置定语livingthings生物live动词/lIv/生活，居住liveinsp.居住在某处形容词/laIv/活的liveanimals活的动物形容词或副词/laIv/现场直播aliveradioshow现场直播节目【语境应用】用live的适当形式填空。1.Alotofthebarshave______music.2.Theyhave______inHollandfortenyears.3.Itwasabadaccident–they’reluckytobe_______.4.Thewholehousewas______withactivity.5.He’soneofthegreatest_______composers(作曲家).6.Josephinewasbright,______andcheerful.livelivedalivealivelivinglively2.costv.花费；过去式和过去分词为cost。cost,spend,take,paycost多表示花钱，主语是事或物。结构:sth.cost(s)sb.+金钱spend花钱或花时间，主语是人。结构:Sb.spend(s)+sometime/money+onsth./(in)doingsth.take用于结构Ittake(s)sb.+sometime/money+todosthpay付钱，主语是人，结构:sb.pay(s)somemoneyforsth.e.g.我花3000元买了一部手机。

Thephonecostme3000yuan.Ispent3000yuanonthephone.Ispent3000yuanbuyingthephone.

Ittookme3000yuantobuythephone.Ipaid3000yuanforthephone.【语境运用】根据句意用take,spend,pay或cost的适当形式填空。1)Thatnewcar________

themlotsofmoney.2)Mona________50yuanonthebooksjustnow.3)Itusually_______

meanhourtodomyhomework.cost

spent

takes4)Youshould_________

sometimepractisingyourpronunciation.5)Mybrother_______

3,000yuanforthenewcomputeryesterday.spendpaid3.separateadj.单独的；分离的

v.

分开；分离separate,divide单词短语释义和例句separate(v.)separate…from…把原来连在一起或同类的东西分开Separatethegoodapplesfromthebadones.divide(v.)divide…into…把整体分成若干个部分Ayearisdividedintotwelvemonths.【语境运用】用separate或divide翻译下列句子。

灯塔(lighthouse)和陆地之间隔着一条宽阔的海峡(channel)。2.本书分为六部分。3.我和妻子有各自的银行账户(account)。Thelighthouseisseparatedfromthelandbyawidechannel.MywifeandIhaveseparatebankaccounts.Thebookisdividedintosixparts.4.remember【拓展】remembertodosth.

记着去做某事，表示动作尚未发生rememberrememberdoingsth.记得做过某事，表示动作已经发生

Notes:

相同用法的词还有：forget,regret。forget/regretdoingsth.表示动作已发送forget/regrettodosth.表示动作未发生【语境应用】根据句意及括号内所给动词的提示填空。1)Remember________(call)uswhenyougetthere.2)Iremember________(tell)youaboutitlastweek.3)Iregret________(say)thatyoufailedtheexamagain.4)Inowregret________(leave)schoolsoyoung.tocall

telling

tosayleaving1.notonly…,butalso…

用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also或but有时可以省略其中之一。【拓展】1)若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常采用“就近一致”原则。2)notonly放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构。【语境应用】根据句意及括号里的提示填空。Notonlyyoubutalsohe_____(go)totheparty.Notonly________(didhe/hedid)turnuplate,healsoforgothisbooks.He____________readthebook,__________rememberedwhathehadread.(他不但读了那本书，而且记得所读的内容。)Notes:

初中常见的用“就近一致”原则短语还有：neither…nor,either…or;goesdidhenotonlybutalso2.

turnoff关掉【拓展】turn相关短语turnleft/right=turntotheleft/righton__________off___________up________________down______________out____________out(tobe)______________over___________________打开关闭调高(音量);出现调低(音量);拒绝生产，制造证明是，结果是翻转;深思熟虑1.beabouttodosth.

意为“就要

/

正要做某事”，表达的是最近的将来，侧重于表示动作马上就要发生。

e.g.Bequiet,please.Themeetingisabouttobegin.【语境运用】汉译英。当他进来的时候，珍妮正要离开。Jenny_________________________whenhecamein.wasabouttoleave2.Therewillbe…

该结构属于therebe句型的将来时，表示“将来有……”，可用Therebegoingtodosth.来替换。

e.g.Therewillbemoreandmorerobotstoworkforusinthefuture.

将来会有越来越多的机器人为我们工作。一、构成助动词had+动词的过去分词。二、用法1.

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。如：

Iforgottotellyouthat

Ihadnotread

thisnovelbefore.过去完成时2.

表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。如：

Danny

hadworked

inShanghaiforsixyearsbythen.Notes:

过去完成时表示的是“过去的过去”，即从过去某一点看，再往前的动作。过去的过去过去现在将来过去完成时三、一些使用过去完成时的常见情况1.

由by(在某时前，到某时)构成的短语表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。

如：

By10o’clocklastnight,Sandy

hadfinished

herwork.Susan

hadstayed

inBeijingforthreeyearsbythen.Bytheendofthatsummer,Holly

hadreadover

twentynovels.2.

由bythetime和when/before引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时，而主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，此时主句用过去完成时。如：

BythetimeJasonreturnedhome,hisson

hadfinished

hishomework.WhenJustingottothestation,thetrain

had

already

left.Thelittleboy

hadpressed

theredbuttonbeforewecouldstophim.3.

在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句使用了一般过去时，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，此时从句用过去完成时。如：

Suddenlywerealizedthatwe

hadlost

ourway.常见的构词法有：合成、派生和转化。1.合成法指由两个或两个以上独立且语义不相同的词结合成一个新词。合成名词(如bathroom)

合成形容词(如easy-going)

合成副词(如somewhere)

合成代词(如anybody)

合成动词(如oversleep)。

构词法2.派生法指由词根利用前缀或后缀派生而形成新词，也叫前缀、后缀构词法。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，常见的前缀有dis-,un-,im-(表示否定)和re-(表示重复)等；后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。-or,-er,-ist,-tion,-ty等属于____后缀-ful,-less,-able,-ing,-ed,-y等属于______后缀-ize/-ise,-en等属于_____后缀-ly属于____后缀名词形容词动词副词根据词的前缀或后缀判断下列单词的词性及词义。like→dislike

happy→unhappypolite→impolite

tell→retell

act→actor

teach→teacher

science→scientist

pronounce→pronunciationsafe→safety

mouth→mouthfuluse→useless

accept→acceptablerelax→relaxing

surprise→surprisedsnow→snowy

slow→slowlypopular→popularize

quick→quicken3.转化法指一个单词保持词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义与之前的意义联系密切。比如，名词和动词、形容词和名词、形容词和动词之间的相互转化。如：

rushn.仓促；急促v.仓促；急促

patientn.病人adj.

耐心的

ownadj.

自己的v.拥有【语境运用】根据句意及提示填空。1.Peterisillinhospitalanditis_________(possible)forhimtoattendthemeetingtonight.2.Thewashingmachineandthefridgearebothimportant_________(invent).3.Allofusthinkthefive-daytripisveryshortbut________(enjoy).4.Doyouthinkit’shardto________(memory)theseEnglishwords?

impossibleinventionsenjoyable

memorize5.Katie________(own)her________(own)house.6.Yourcompositionisnotsogood.You’dbetter________(write)it.7.Ihopeyouwilltakemysuggestions________(serious).8.Itis___________(meaning)forustohelptheelderly.ownsown

rewrite

seriouslymeaningful1.—I’veneverseenMr.Taylorbefore.—Don’tworry.I______himtoyoubeforethemeeting.(2019江西)willintroduce B.Introduced C.haveintroduced D.hadintroduced2.Iatesomefruit,whichI______sinceIwasachild,andthevegetablesfrommygarden.(2019湖北武汉)haveenjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoy D.hadenjoyed3.He______hisEnglishteacherwhenhewassightseeinginParis.(2019湖北武汉)hasmetB.hadmet C.met D.wouldmeet4.—Whywon’tweplaybasketballwithClass4thisafternoon?—Becausethey______Longzhongforastudytrip.(2019湖北襄阳)A.havegoneto B.havebeentoC.hadgoneto D.hadbeento5.—UncleSamsaidhe________mybirthdayparty,buthenevershowedup.—That’sUncleSam.Heforgetseverything!(2019江苏无锡)willattend B.wouldattend C.hasattended D.hadattended6.Tomsaidhe_______basketballwithhisclassmatesfrom4:00to6:00yesterdayafternoon.(2019四川内江)isplayedB.wasplayingC.playsD.hadplayed7.—HasyourdaughtercomebackfromAustralia?(2018内蒙古包头)—Yes.She____thereforthreeyears.A.hasstayedB.staysC.stayedD.hadstayed8.—High-speedtrains,Mobilepayment,SharingbikesandOnlineshoppingarecalled“fournewgreatinventions”ofmodemChina.—They_______ourdailylivesmoreconvenient.(2018湖北咸宁)A.havemade B.hadmadeC.havebeenmade D.made9.Yesterday,I_______thesubwayhomewhenIsuddenlyfoundIwasonthewrongline.(2018四川成都)A.took B.wastaking C.hadtaken10.—Istilldon’tknowwhat______whileIwasawayfromhome.—You’llknowitallsomeday,Ibelieve.(2018湖北武汉)A.hadhappened B.wouldhappenC.hashappenedD.happened11.—Don’tyouseethesign“Noparking!”ontheright?—Sorry,I_______.ButnowIknowparkinghereisnotright.A.don’tB.didn’tC.hadn’tD.doesn’t12.Myparents_______toworkbythetimeI_______up.A.began;getB.hadbegun;hadgotC.hadbegun;got根据语境及括号内的提示完成下列各题。1.BythetimeIjoinedGreenerGroup,they___________________________________(义务打扫图书馆)for2years.(volunteer)2.—YouseemedbusywhenIwalkedpast.Haveyougotaminutenow,sir?—Sure.I__________(write)areport.It’sdone.So,what’sup?(2017

江苏无锡)3.Thetemperature________alotlastnight.(下降)hadvolunteeredtoclean(up)thelibrarywas

writingdropped4.She__________(study)Englishintheschoolsincesheleftherhometown.5.Thetrain________(leave)beforeTimgottothestation.6.Mr.Wangsaidhe__________(work)inthatcompanysince1998.7.Bynineo’clockyesterdayevening,mybrother___________(finish)hishomework.hasstudiedhadlefthadworkedhadfinished8.BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie___________(begin).9.—Whydidn’tyoucometoopenthedoorforme?—I___________(wash)dishesinthekitchenanddidn’thearthedoorbell.10.WhenLiMing________(return)tohishometownlastyear,hevisitedhisoldheadteacher.hadbegunwaswashingreturned态度(Attitudes)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)*A:Wereallyhavetoworkhardifwewanttosucceed.B:Iagree(withyou).Nopainsnogains.*A:Ithinkyou’llhaveagoodtime.B:Certainly./Sure./Ofcourse.*A:Look!Thebusiscoming.Let’sgetonthebus.B:Allright.*A:Jack,youshouldsaysorrytoyoursisterimmediately.B:Noway.Ididnothingwrong.*A:Ithinkclassicalmusicispleasant.B:Idon’tagree/Idisagree(withyou).*A:Lilywillbefitforthework.B:Idon’tthinkso.Tobehonest,sheisnotcareful.根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。A.Iagreewithyou.B.HowshouldIprepareforit?C.Whatquestionswilltheyaskme?D.Andataninterview,sellyourself.E.HowshouldIdressforaninterview?F.Whattimewillyourinterviewbegin?G.Andwhateveryoudo,don’tbelatefortheinterview!A:Hey,Alex.Iwanttofindajobinacompany(公司)andIwillhaveaninterviewnextweek.(1)_______B:First,youshouldlearnaboutthecompany.Learnwhattheydoandhowtheydoit.A:Yes.ThenIcanaskgoodquestions.A.Iagreewithyou.B.HowshouldIprepareforit?C.Whatquestionswilltheyaskme?D.Andataninterview,sellyourself.E.HowshouldIdressforaninterview?F.Whattimewillyourinterviewbegin?G.Andwhateveryoudo,don’tbelatefortheinterview!BA.Iagreewithyou.B.HowshouldIprepareforit?C.Whatquestionswilltheyaskme?D.Andataninterview,sellyourself.E.HowshouldIdressforaninterview?F.Whattimewillyourinterviewbegin?G.Andwhateveryoudo,don’tbelatefortheinterview!B:Right.(2)_______Tellthemwhytheyshouldhire(雇用)youinsteadofsomeoneelse.A:SoImustbeconfident.B:Yeah.Andwhenyouanswertheirquestions,lookthemintheeye.DA:Allright.(3)_______B:Wearniceclothes.Don'twearjeans!A:Whatelse?B:(4)_______A.Iagreewithyou.B.HowshouldIprepareforit?C.Whatquestionswilltheyaskme?D.Andataninterview,sellyourself.E.HowshouldIdressforaninterview?F.Whattimewillyourinterviewbegin?G.Andwhateveryoudo,don’tbelatefortheinterview!EGA:Right.Thatwillbebad.B:Andaftertheinterview,sendathank-younotetotheinterviewer.It'sgoodtobepolite.A:(5)_______Thatjustmightgetyouajob!A.Iagreewithyou.B.HowshouldIprepareforit?C.Whatquestionswilltheyaskme?D.Andataninterview,sellyourself.E.HowshouldIdressforaninterview?F.Whattimewillyourinterviewbegin?G.Andwhateveryoudo,don’tbelatefortheinterview!A【写作任务】

每年6月8日为“世界海洋日(WorldOceansDay)”，今年世界海洋日的主题为“清洁我们的海洋(CleaningOurOceans)”。据2018年6月7日CCTV晚间新闻报道，每年流入大海的微塑料达1300万吨，导致大量鱼类死亡。科学家预测，如果不采取措施限塑，2050年海洋里的塑料重量比鱼类还重。作为中学生的你，应该减少塑料制品的使用。请以“SayingNotoPlastics”为题，写一篇80—100词的英语短文。文中不得出现真实校名和人名。参考词汇：pollute(污染)

2.recycle(循环、回收)

3.protect(保护)

4.clothbags(布袋)

5.basket(竹篮)【思路点拨】1.定基调体裁：说明文

时态：一般现在时

人称：以第一人称为主2.谋布局、写句子

Infact,weuseplasticstoomuchinourdailylifeweshoulduseaclothbagorabasketwhileshoppingweshouldreusethemasmanytimesaspossibleandthenrecyclethem

Let'sdoit/actnow3.巧衔接文中在写措施时，先用Asmiddleschoolstudents,wearesupposedtostartwithsmallthingsaroundustoreducetheuseofplastics来总述，然后用Forexample来举例说明；在分述两个例子时，使用了平行结构weshould...，这样使得句子之间衔接紧凑，在语义上有明显的统一性和连贯性。4.成篇章SayingNotoPlastics________________________________________________________________________SayingNotoPlasticsPlastics,whichcanbeseeneverywhere,haveseriouslypollutedourworld.It’sreportedthatabout13,000,000tonsofplasticsflowintotheoceaneveryyear,killinglotsoffish.Infact,weuseplasticstoomuchinourdailylife.

Nowwehaverealizedthatit’saterriblybadhabit.Asmiddleschoolstudents,wearesupposedtostartwithsmallthingsaroundustoreducetheuseofplastics.Forexample,weshoulduseaclothbagorabasketwhileshopping.Moreimportantly,evenifwehavetouseplasticbags,weshouldreusethemasmanytimesaspossibleandthenrecyclethem.Allinall,weshouldreducetheuseofplasticssothatwecanhopefullyprotecttheearthandmakeitgreener.Let’sdoitnow!5.化“平凡”为“非凡”Asmiddleschoolstudents,wearesupposedtostartwithsmallthingsaroundustoreducetheuseofplastics.→Asmiddleschoolstudents,thesmallchangeswemakeinourdailylifecanmakeabigdifferenceinthefightagainstplastics.I.从方框中选择合适的单词填空，使每个句子在结构、句意和逻辑上正确。litter,overcome,appear,oversleep,believe,burn,science,fisherman,care,our1.Whenapieceoficeistakenintoawarmroom,itwillbecomesmallerandsmaller,andintheendit____________completely.2.Tobeginwith,wehavetocollectasmuchinformationaspossibleforthe_______research.

willdisappear

scientific

3.Juliausedtobeshybutlatershe_______herfearofspeakinginpublic.4.Thefirewasspreadingfast,butthefirefightersmanagedtosavethepeoplefromthe_______building.5.Johnisaverysuccessfulmanandheisalsoconsideredasa(n)_______husbandandlovingfather.6.There’ssome_______onthefloor.Goandthrowitaway,please.overcame

burning

caring

litter

7.ItwasapitythatI_______andmissedmyusualbus.8.PeoplesaythattheinformationfromtheInternetisless_________thanthatfromthenewspaper.9.Mostofthe________inthevillagestayedathometodaybecauseofthebadweather.10.Theirchairsaremoreexpensive,but_______aremorecomfortable.overslept

believable

fishermen

ours

II.根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出所缺短语，每空一词。1.Myofficeis________________________(在……顶部)thebuilding.2.Analarmbell______________(响起),anditmadeasuddenloudnoise.