大学英语(B)全国网考专项练习三词汇与结构

.PAGE.大学英语<B>网考专项练习三：词汇与结构1.Heservedinthearmyforonly_______beforehewassentback.A.oneandahalfyearB.oneyearandahalfC.ayearandahalfD.ayearandhalf译文：他被送回去之前已经在军队服役了一年半。讲解：正确答案为[B]oneyearandahalf一年半。通常我们还可以讲oneandahalfyears,注意这里的年〔years是复数,因为是1.5年。A.oneandahalfyear不对,因为year没用复数。C.ayearandahalf的意思是一年和一个半个,一个半个什么呢？而oneyearandahalf是英语习惯的说法。D.ayearandhalf,half〔半个是个整体,应有不定冠词a,我们通常都讲ahalf,两个半个叫做twohalves。Wecancuttheappleintotwohalves,sothateachofuscantakeonehalf.2.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter_______afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive译文：Smith先生警告他的女儿酒后绝不要开车。讲解：正确答案为[A]warnsomebody〔not／nevertodosomething直接宾语〔不定式作间接宾语像warn这样的动词还有want,wish,like,tell,advise,allow,teach,order,ask而make,help,let的间接宾语不定式就不带to,如：Hemadeusdoourhomeworkalldaylong.Heletusdoourhomeworkalldaylong.比较：Heaskedustodoourhomeworkalldaylong.但是,当make用在被动语态时,不定式要带to。Weweremadetodoourhomeworkalldaylong.Wewereallowedtodoourhomeworkalldaylong.<被动语态时不用let,改为allow>3.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself______.A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood译文：我英语不好,我怕我不能〔让别人听得懂我在讲什么。讲解：正确答案为[D]understoodmakemyselfunderstood使自己〔被理解,所以用分词,表示被动的意思。这是个动词句型,类似的动词有：feel,find,hear,like,see,want,wish和get与have。例：Iheardmynamementionedinhisspeech.Idon'tlikemycardrivenbyotherpeople.特别要注意have/getsomethingdone的用法。它的意思是自己不做,而让别人去做。如：Iamgoingtothedentisttohavemytoothpulled.我到牙医那里去拔牙。〔让"别人"拔我牙被拔出I'llgetsomepeopletohavemyroomwhitewashed<被粉刷>。我将找几个人把房屋粉刷一下。〔注意中文的表达方式4.It'sreallykind_______.A.ofyoutosaysoB.foryoutosaysoC.ofyousayingsoD.foryousayingso译文：你这样讲真是太客气了！讲解：正确答案为[A]。kindofyoutosayso你这样讲,真是太好心〔kind>了。这是一种形容词句型。It/Thatis+形容词+ofsomebody+todosomething.=Somebodyis+形容词+todosomething.Youarenicetohelpme.=How+形容词+ofsomebody+todosomething.Itisniceofyoutohelpme.Howniceofyoutohelpme！〔感叹句这个句型的含义是：对〔某人〔做某件事的评价〔用形容词。我们看：toforgetmywife’sbirthday这件事,用什么形容词来评价"我"呢,Itis_______________ofmetoforgetmywife’sbirthday.你在下面的词里挑一个形容词：good,kind,clever,foolish,crazy,stupid〔蠢,foolish和stupid都可以用。再试问一下,这个句子对不对：That'sprettyofyoutoweartheflower.这句是不通的,逻辑不对。因为〔带花这个动作只能用"好,聪明"等对这个动作的一种评价,而pretty形容的是外表,不能评价某种动作,逻辑不通。5.Shecouldonlyseethe_______ofthetrees.A.outlineB.generalC.edgeD.outlook译文：她只能看到树的轮廓。讲解：正确答案为[A]outline轮廓。edge是边,不是中心或面。Outline指的是一个整体从远处看的轮廓,如：theoutlineofthemountain就是看到的山与天连接处的轮廓,而不是细节。Outline的另一个意思是梗概、大纲,如theoutlineofthereport。6.Thereare_______benefitsinthenewsystem.A.conciseB.preciseC.realD.metal译文：新设备可以〔带来真正的利益。讲解：正确答案为[C]realbenefit真实的利益。A.concise简明的;B.precise恰恰;D.metal金属的。7.Ican'ttellthe_______differencebetweenthetwinsisters.A.slightB.simpleC.slenderD.single译文：我一点也说不出这对孪生姐妹的区别。讲解：正确答案为[A]slight细微的,或slightest〔最微妙的B.simple简单的、单纯的C.slender苗条的,D.single单个的,不成双的,单身的8.Hesoon_______hisfortune.A.confusedB.costC.paidD.consumed译文：很快他就把他的财富花〔消耗光了。讲解：正确答案为[D]consumed消耗、消费、使用。A.confused混淆B.cost花费C.paid支付。9.Ifeltsoon_______byyourdirtywords.A.concealedB.preservedC.discouragedD.reflected译文：听到你的那番臭话,我一点劲头都没有了。讲解：正确答案为[C]discouraged〔使泄气、阻止〔某人去做什么A.concealed掩盖、遮住B.preserved维护、保持D.reflected反射、反映10.Shedecidednotto______herhusband’snamewhenshegotmarried.A.adjustB.adoptC.addressD.admit译文：她决定结婚后不用她丈夫的名字。讲解：正确答案为[B]adopt承袭〔名字,收养〔孩子A.adjust调整C.address向某人致函、向谁致辞。D.admit承认、准许进入〔大学等11.____,wedecidedtoleaveatonce,aswedidn'twanttoriskmissingthebus.A.AsitbeingprettylateB.ItbeingprettylateC.ItwasbeingprettylateD.Beingprettylate译文：<时间已晚>,我们决定立即动身,因为我们不想错过这班公交车。讲解：正确答案为[B]独立主格－－当伴随的情况中的主语与主句中的主语不一致时,伴随情况中：〔1带有逻辑上的主语；〔2逻辑主语的谓语部分不同于一般的动词,而使用分词<-ing或-ed>；〔3不要连词。比较Becausemymotherissick,Icannotattendtheconference.Mymotherbeingsick,Icannotattendtheconference.Becausemyarmwasinjured,Icannotattendtheconference.Myarminjured,Icannotattendtheconference.题中原句的意思是：itisprettylate,…用来说明我们为什么要立即动身的理由,有三种办法表达这种意思：〔1用原因状语从句Sinceitisprettylate,wedecidedto…〔2分两句讲：Itisprettylate.Wedecidedto…〔3用独立主格：It<指时间>beingprettylate,wedecidedto…误判1：prettylate误认为指的是we,所以选D.Beingprettylate.解：late如果指人,wearelate,此处late的意思是〔迟了/晚了=过了应做事情的时间。既然过了赶车的时间,还去赶车是讲不通的。还要去赶车,说明此处late是时间不早的意思,一般是指很晚〔快到黑天的意思。而讲时间要用主语it,itislate而不是wearelate。误判2：选C.Itwasbeinglate,解：Itwasbeinglate是个完整的句子,它和后面的主句之间就形成相对平等的关系,或用句号结束这句话,但题目上给的是逗号。或用连词and把两句连起来,Itwasbeinglate,andwedecidedto…但题目上没有and。所以是错的。误判3：选A,Asitbeingprettylate,如用as应是Asitwasprettylate.而不是Asitbeing。12.____wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.As译文：〔曾被认为不可能的事现在变成现实了。讲解：正确答案为[A]名词从句－－名词从句的引导词是"what",语序有变化,不同于正常语序。"what"代替了句中某个"事或物",而这个"事或物"<名词>则被省略。<weonceregarded"something"asimpossible>hasnowbecomeareality=<Whatweonceregardedasimpossible>〔从句作主语hasnowbecomereality。误判1：选B.That解：that所引导的从句应是完整的句子,语序正常,如：Thateverybodyhaspassedtheexamisknowntoall,而what/who引导的从句等于替换句中的相关成分。如：whatweknow〔我们所知的,whatwearenowstudying〔我们所学的,此处what代替的是know,study的宾语,但没有明确讲是什么。<Whatyousawyesterday>cannotbefoundinotherplaces.你昨天见到的〔事/东西在其他地方是见不到的。〔what从句作主语Pleasedon'ttellotherpeopleabout<whatyousawyesterday>.你不要告诉别人你昨天见到的〔事/东西好吗。〔what从句作介词宾语误判2：which引导的是定语从句,as引导的是状语从句,均不可选。13.Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,____goingtothepartythisweekend.A.amB.isC.areD.will译文：Smith先生,〔与他的妻子和孩子一起,本周末要去参加一个聚会。讲解：正确答案为[B]主谓一致－－所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词要与主语相一致。这句要求的是动词的单/复数要与主语匹配。如下面几种情况：〔1用and连词是复数：MaryandLarryare…〔2用or,either…or…,neither…nor…时,随or/nor后面的词而定。这被称作就近原则。Neitherhenorweare…〔3出现togetherwith和aswellas的短语时,不要管它,要以主语而定。XiaoLi,togetherwithhisfriends,isgoingtothemovie.LaoLi,aswellasalltheotherpeople,isgoingto….14.Wouldyoumind____thecomputergameinyourroom?A.himplayingB.hisplayingC.himtoplayD.himplay译文：你在意〔他在你的房间里〔玩电脑游戏吗？讲解：正确答案为[B]Mind后面的宾语带ing。类似的动词还有：enjoy,cannothelp,avoid,giveup,keep等。动词的宾语既能用ing形式,也可用不定式todo的动词还有stop,remember,forget但意思不同。stoptodosomething停下来去干什么stopdoingsomething停止干什么rememberdoingsomething记着干过了什么remembertodosomething要记住〔以后去干什么,别忘了动词的-ing形式可带逻辑上的主语:如hisplayingfootball,myopeningthewindow,如：Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Iwouldsuggestyournotsmokinghere.它可以用否定形式,notknowingwhy,notsmokinghere.Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere?15.Bynextyearhe______inNewYorkforfiveyears.A.hasworkedB.hasbeenworkingC.worksD.willhaveworked译文：〔到明年,他就〔将在纽约〔住满了五年了。讲解：正确答案为[Ｄ]以介词by引导的时间,往往用完成时。by2008,bytheendofnextyear,bythen,bytheendof1992等等。将来完成时：时间信号是by+将来的时间,主句中用将来完成时或完成进行时。BythetimeyoufinishyourcollegestudiesIwillhavegotmarried.Bytheyear2009ChinawillhavehostedtheOlympicGames.过去完成时：时间信号是by+过去时间,主句中用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。Bythetimewhenwegotthere,everythinghadbeensoldout.Bytheendof1989Ihadfinishedmystudiesincollege.16.Henryisoftenseen______Englishaloudeverymorningintheclassroom.A.readB.readsC.readingD.toread译文：Henry常常〔被人看到每天早晨在教室里大声〔朗读英文。讲解：正确答案为[Ｄ]感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,在主动语态状况下不定式作宾语补足语时没有to。例：Wesawhimtakeeverythingawayfromthehouse.。但在被动语态状况下,不定式要带to。例：Hewasseentotakeeverythingawayfromthehouse。问题中的句子可还原为<We>oftenseehimreadEnglishaloudeverymorningintheclassroom.误判：C.reading。感官动词后的不定式不带<to>,同时也可带动词的-ing形式。如：Isawhimtakeeverythingawayfromthehouseyesterday.<见到take的全过程>。Isawhimtakingeverythingawayfromthehouseyesterday.〔见到taking那一刹那。seesomebodydosomething与seesomebodydoingsomething意思上的区别是：一个是do的全过程,一个是doing的那一瞬间。此句的动作时间是everymorning,因此,不是一瞬间,所以不是reading,而是toread。17.Withoutheatandsunlight,plantsontheearth_______well.A.wouldnotgrowB.willnotgrowC.hadnotgrownD.wouldnotbegrown译文：〔假设热和阳光都没有了地球上的植物就〔将不会生长了。讲解：正确答案为[A]虚拟语气without<假设没有…>。如果假设没有某人的帮助,这种假设条件是可能存在的。但是假设没有阳光和热,这种假设就是不真实的假设,应使用非真实条件句〔虚拟语气。虚拟语气的主句中的动词应带would。动词grow：生长应用动词grow,不能用被动语态。18.Onlyrecently_______todealwiththeenvironmentalproblems.A.somethinghasdoneB.hassomethingdoneC.hassomethingbeendoneD.somethinghasbeendone译文：〔只有最近有些事情〔才被做了对付环境问题。讲解：正确答案为[Ｃ]。倒装句：〔1以only和notonly,butalso开头的句子。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.〔注意：canwelearn是个倒装形式。Notonlydidtheytakethedesksaway,buttheytookthechairsaway.<注意but后的正常语序>〔2以否定词no,not,never,hardly,seldom,开头的句子。Nowhereelsecanyoufinsuchgoodqualityfurniture.NeverbeforehaveIeverbeensohappy.19.Thequestion_______atthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.A.todiscussB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.willbediscussed译文：在明天会议上〔将被讨论的问题非常重要。讲解：正确答案为[C]不定式作定语修饰名词：〔1所谓定语：修饰名词的词或短语叫定语。有的定语在名词的前面,叫前置修饰词,有：形容词,名词,动名词等。如：ahappyman,asleepingboy,aphotocopy。但副词,介词短语,分词短语和不定式作定语修饰名词时在被修饰词的后面,叫后置修饰词。如：thecaroverthere〔在那儿的那辆车themanlivingupstairs〔楼上住的那位先生,thebookonthesecondshelfinthebookcase〔书橱中第二格的那本书。〔2不定式作定语,在被修饰词后面。一般在意义上有"将来"的意思。Abooktoread〔要读的一本书,thequestiontobeanswered〔要"被"回答的问题,thequestiontobediscussed〔要"被"讨论的问题。注意被动语态的使用。误判B.beingdiscussed〔正在讨论的问题。A.todiscuss〔应用被动语态。20.Sincethisroadiswetandslipperythismorning,it_______lastnight.A.mustrainB.wasrainingC.musthaverainedD.mayrain译文：因为这条路很湿又滑,〔昨天晚上肯定下雨了。讲解：正确答案为[C]推测句mustbe/mustbedoing/musthavedone表示的是一种推测性的句子。mustbe一定是,mustbedoing一定在做什么musthavedone一定做过什么。Who’sthere?ItmustbeTom.谁在那儿？一定是汤姆。Who’ssingingnextdoor?Tommustbesingingthere.谁在隔壁唱歌？一定是汤姆在唱歌。Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedyesterdayevening.地很湿。昨天晚上一定下雨了。注意musthavedone指的是推测过去时间发生的事。时间状语是过去的时间。21.Themotherdidn'tknow___toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.what译文：母亲不知道该〔责备谁在她出去的时候把玻璃杯打碎了。讲解：正确答案为[A]不定式作宾语前面加疑问代词what,where,when,who,how等。Idon'tknowhowtodoit.Idon'tknowwheretofindmybook.Idon'tknowwhentostartthework.Idon'tknowwho/whomtoseetodayforthismatter.22.Ibelievethateverycrime,______thecircumstance,shouldbeseverelypunished.A.inspiteofB.becauseofC.insteadofD.onaccountof译文：我相信,〔不管是什么情况每个案件都应得到重判。讲解：正确答案为[A]inspiteof尽管/不管inspiteofthecircumstance不管是什么情况。23.Theworkersarebusy_______modelsfortheexhibition.A.tomakeB.withmakingC.beingmakingD.making译文：工人们正〔忙于制造展览会上的模型。讲解：正确答案为[D].tobebusydoingsomething忙着做什么Theyarebusypreparingfortheexam.〔busy+-ingtobebusywithsomething忙着什么事情Theyarebusywiththeirstudies.<busywith+名词>24.YesterdayMr.Smithgaveavivid_______ofhisrecentvisittoChina.A.dialogueB.ideaC.taleD.account译文：昨天,Smith先生作了一段访问中国的生动的〔陈述。讲解：正确答案为[D]giveanaccountofsomething描述……25.Thedefinitionleaves_______fordisagreement.A.asmallroomB.muchroomC.greatdealroomD.notsobigaroom译文：这个定义给不同的看法留下了〔很大的空间。讲解：正确答案为[B]roomforsomething…的余地、机会roomforimprovement改进的余地。26.Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,_______fortwohours.A.IwillstudyB.IwillhavebeenstudiedC.IhadstudiedD.Iwillhavebeenstudying译文：〔到你今晚来的时候我就〔将一直学了两个小时了。讲解：正确答案为[D]将来完成〔进行时27.Iwouldhavejoinedhiminapicnic,butI__________hiscompany.A.willnotlikeB.don'tlikeC.hadnotlikedD.mightnotlike译文：我完全能去参加他的野餐,〔但是我没有,我不喜欢他的那伙朋友。讲解：正确答案为[B]注意--这不是if〔如果,而是but<但是>。would+havedone表示本可以做而未做的意思。IwouldhavejoinedyouifIhadtime.如果我有时间,我就会跟你们一起去了。这句话要求选but后的句子。But是讲他为什么没去的原因。原因当然是"我不喜欢他那伙人"。company一伙人、伙伴。28.Let'sfinishourhomeworkinafewseconds;it'stimewe_______.A.playedfootballB.willplayfootballC.playfootballD.areplayingfootball译文：赶快完成作业,〔是踢足球〔的时候了。讲解：正确答案为[A]Itis<high>timesomebodydidsomething.谁该干什么了It'stimewewent.该走了。Itisabouttimewestoppedoutwork.我们该停下手头的工作了。29._______atHarvard,hebeganagaintowritehisessay.A.BusywasasheB.BusyaswasheC.BusyashewasD.Aswashebusy译文：〔尽管/虽然他很忙,他再次开始写他的文章。讲解：正确答案为[C]让步状语从句"虽然"〔形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语Tallasheis,hecannotreachtheceiling.虽然他很高,他也够不着房顶。Slowlyashewalked,hearrivedontime.他虽然走得很慢,他还是准时到达。30.Pierreoftenmakeshimself_______bygesturingwithhishands.A.tounderstandB.understandingC.tobeunderstoodD.understood译文：Pierre采用手势〔使自己的意思〔被别人懂。讲解：正确答案为[D]makesomebody/somethingdone使某人/某事得以"被"做。Makemyselfunderstood让别人能懂得我的意思。Makethematterknowntoall.让这件事人人都知道。31.Thebridgewasnamed_____theherowhogavehislifeforthecauseofthepeople.A.afterB.forC.becauseofD.before译文：这座桥是以一位为人民的事业而献身英雄的名字而〔命名的。讲解：正确答案为[A]。nameaftersomebody以谁的名字命名。32.Therewasalargecrowdinthesquare_____againstthewar.A.protectingB.protestingC.preventingD.promoting译文：在广场有一大群人,〔抗议这场战争。讲解：正确答案为[B]。protestagainstsomething抗议33.Wehave______tothegovernmentforahomeimprovementloan.A.arrangedB.approachedC.appliedD.appointed译文：我们已经向政府〔提出申请,要求房屋修缮贷款。讲解：正确答案为[C]。applytosomebodyforsomething向谁申请什么。34.Tom______theshopkeeperwithovercharginghimforthearticleshehadbought.A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.criticized译文：Tom〔指责商店老板对他买的物品多收了钱。讲解：正确答案为[B]。chargesb.withsth./accusesb.ofsth./blamesb.forsth.由于几个此都有指责的意思,选择时,主要看后面的介词是什么而决定是哪个动词。35.Theideasoundsverygoodbutwillitworkin_______?A.practiceB.placeC.advanceD.company译文：这主意听起来不错,但〔实践中能否奏效呢？讲解：正确答案为[A]。inpractice实践中；inadvance事先36.Hegotajobsothathecouldbeindependent______hisparents.A.onB.inC.ofD.from译文：他找了个工作,这样他就可以〔不依赖/独立于父母了。讲解：正确答案为[C]。independentofsb.自食其力不依赖于什么人37.Wehadtowaitalongtimetogetourpassports,_______?A.won'tweB.don'tweC.didn'tweD.shouldn'tyou译文：我们〔不得不等了好长时间最后得到了护照,是不是？讲解：正确答案为[C]。反意疑问句的附加疑问部分。38.Doyoufeellike_______today?A.havingsomethingeatenB.havingsomethingtoeatC.tohavesomethingeatenD.tohavesomethingtoeat译文：你〔想不想吃点什么？讲解：正确答案为[B]。feellikesomething想要什么Idon'tfeellikeadrink.feellikedoingsomething想要干什么Doyoufeellikehavingsomethingtoeat?39.It'svitalthatenoughmoney_____collectedtogettheprojectstarted.A.isB.beC.mustbeD.canbe译文：足够的钱〔被积攒到以便启动这个项目是〔非常重要的。讲解：正确答案为[B]。Itis…<vital>that这句中的that从句中的动词用动词原形。所谓原形是说：动词没有人称和时态的变化,如：be/go等等。像vital的形容词还有：necessary,essential,important,advisable。Itisimportantthathecomeontime.Itisadvisablethatallthegoodsbeexaminedafterarrival.40.Weconsider______theinstrumentbeadjustedeachtimeitisused.A.thatitnecessaryB.itnecessarythatC.necessarythatD.necessaryofitthat译文：我们认为〔这是非常〔必要的,即：每次使用前仪器都要〔被调整一下。讲解：正确答案为[B]。considerit+形容词+that/thinkit+形容词+that41.Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy______forherexamination.A.toprepareB.tobepreparedC.preparingD.beingprepared讲解：正确答案为[C]。busy的搭配是bebusy〔indoingsomething。42.Thecomputerdoesn'tworkwell,sosomething______wrong.A.canha