2016高考英语(江苏专用)二轮复习+第四部分+任务型阅读+课件

任务型阅读第四部分任务型阅读命题规律题型解读与高考感悟任务型阅读阅读量较大，但阅读难度适中，一般原词与推理、归纳词的比例是5∶5。2013年能在文中找到原词的共5题，须要对原文词性、词形变换的共1题，归纳总结得出答案的共4题。2014年推理、归纳题考查比例较大，共6题。能在原文中找到原词和须要对原文词性、词形变换的各2题。2015年有7题可在原文中找到原词或相对应的词形、词性。命题趋势任务型阅读将会接着在江苏高考试题中占有较大比重，考题形式还是主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以争论文为主，阅读量大，要求考生具有捕获信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的实力。真题体验(一)(2015·江苏)Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple，theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames，weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediate

rewardanddelayed

reward.Ingeneral，thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption，accidentsanddisasters，sports，socialevents，andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs，economicmatters，socialproblems，science，education，andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe­murder，shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane，identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam，laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind，however，paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as，forexample，whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation，themountingnationaldebt，risingtaxes，fallingmarket，scarcehousing，andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue”.Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews，hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Foranyindividual，ofcourse，theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample，asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem，ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue：hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting，notforitsdelayedreward，butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster，athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience，butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore，whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral，anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother，ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread？Divisionofnewsstories•Peopleexpecttoget71.________fromreadingnews.•Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.•Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon’t.72.________ofthetwoclasses•Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual73.________.•Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand74.________similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.72.________ofthetwoclasses

•Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer，orpresenta75.________tothem.•Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto76.________fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto77.________fromthereality.Unstableboundariesofthetwoclasses•Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir78.________.•Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand79.________themselvestothereality.•Thus，thedivision，onthewhole，80.________onthereader.71.rewards/rewarded解析本题对应首段首句“Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.”但该空须要变更词形，将areward变为复数形式，或者用reward的过去分词。72.Explanations解析此空须要综合右栏所给内容得出答案。与之对应的右栏内容是对两种回报类别的“说明”。73.involvement解析由第三段的“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.”以及空前的形容词actual可知这里应将involved变为名词形式。74.share解析由第三段的末句可知他会把自己的感受和对方连在一起，即感同身受。这里应当是“共享”相像的感情。75.threat解析由第四段的“...whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation...Ithasakindof‘threatvalue’.”可知这里应当是说带来“威逼”。76.prepare解析本题对应倒数其次段中的“Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.”，且由空前的不定式符号to可知此处填prepare。77.withdraw解析本题对应倒数其次段末句：“Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.”由空前的to可知这里填fession(s)/intention解析末段分别提到三个不同职业的人对阅读的不同期盼，所以这里应当是“职业”或“意图”。79.adapt解析本题对应倒数其次段中的“...hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork...”且空前的and连接两个并列成分，前后形式应一样，因此这里用动词原形adapt。80.depends解析由短文末句可知个人的倾向导致两个类别的转换，换句话说后者取决于前者。这里用短语dependon。(二)(2014·江苏)Theexpression，“everybody’sdoingit，”

isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisastronginfluenceofagroup，especiallyofchildren，onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.

Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature，andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself­respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct(天性)iswhytheapprovalofpeers，orthefearofdisapproval，issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork，ortoanswer“fine”whenastrangerasks“howareyou？”

evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis：ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently，andencouragesagenerallevelofself­disciplinethatsimplifiesday­to­dayinteraction.

Forcertainindividuals，seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction；inordertosatisfythedesire，theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs，orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork，orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan’taffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses.”

However，peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs，ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves，andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly，itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups.71.feeling解析由文章的首句“Theexpression，‘everybody’sdoingit，’isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.”可知“同龄压力”的核心是“每个人都在做这件事”。设空处是对peerpressure的说明：“同龄压力指猛烈的________，即：你必需用和你同样年龄的其他人的方式做事情。”由must可见语气的猛烈，它表达的是一种猛烈的情感，故填feeling。72.influences解析由首段的其次句“Itisastronginfluenceofagroup...”可知同龄压力是一种猛烈的群体影响(influence)。设空处须要填写动词“影响”，和works一起构成并列谓语。73.practical解析由其次段中的最终一句“Thereisapracticalaspecttothis...”及本框格所包含的右边框格中的内容可以推断此处是说同龄压力对社会的好用功能，故应填“practical”。74.unconsciously解析其次段说到人的天性促使人不由自主地做某些事，并且举例：生疏人说“howareyou？”，你自然会说“fine”，即使有时候这并不是事实。全部这些都是“无意识的”，故此处填unconsciously。75.individuals解析由第三段的首句“Forcertainindividuals，seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportant...”以及下面的内容，可以推断此句为该段主题句，说的是同龄压力对个人的影响，故应填individuals。76.moral解析由第三段中的“...inordertosatisfythedesire，theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.”可知为了满足愿望，他们可能会不分对错，也就是说缺乏道德感。77.spirit解析由倒数其次段的第三句“Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.”可知同龄压力的主动影响还包括团队精神。78.habits解析由倒数其次段中的“...tohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.”可知这里是说养成好的习惯。79.independent解析由最终一段中的“Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves...”可知孩子们应当学会独立，即independent。80.no解析由最终一段中的“...encouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.”可知对于那些他们认为错的事情要礼貌地拒绝，即对那些错的或者不合法的事情说“不”。(三)(2013·江苏)QuietVirtue：TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(细致尽责)—beingpunctual，carefulindoingwork，self­disciplined，andscrupulous(一丝不苟的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen，thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules，helpout，andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence，whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves，whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance，outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs，fromsemi­skilledlabortosalesandmanagement，dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization：thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect，thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer，thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(缓冲)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket，becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives，theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers’evaluationsoftheirwork，givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.

Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves，theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards，andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon’tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious，forexample，tendedtocriticizeco­workersevenaboutfailuresthatWhenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations，itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising，opennesstowildideasandspontaneity(自发性)arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance，however；withoutseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized，whichdamagedtheirrelationships.enoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough，peoplebecomemeredreamers，withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.71.strict解析归纳总结题。第一段讲解并描述了细致尽责的一些表现：beingpunctual，carefulindoingwork，self­disciplined，andscrupulous(一丝不苟的)inattendingtoresponsibilities守时、工作细心、自律，在担当责任方面一丝不苟，这些都说明细致尽责的人对自己要求很严格。72.helpful/good解析信息转换题。第一段的“It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeople...”说明细致尽责的人对别人是有帮助的(helpful)或是有好处的(good)。73.Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance解析归纳总结题。文章的其次、三、四段讲解并描述了细致尽责的好处和重要性。74.running/working/going/operating/functioning解析归纳总结题。由首段的“...thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.”可知答案。75.performance(s)解析干脆信息题。由其次段的“Instudiesofjobperformance，outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs...”可知答案。76.fired/dismissed/jobless解析信息转换题。由第三段的“Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(缓冲)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket...”可知，细致尽责的人不简洁失去工作，此处应转化为动词或形容词，这样便可得到答案。77.problems/troubles解析干脆信息题。由第五段的第一句“Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.”可知，这里讲的是细致尽责所产生的一些问题等。78.higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced解析归纳总结题。由第四段的“...givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresof...”可知答案。79.tense/damaged/poor/bad解析归纳总结题。由第五段的“...overlyjudgmental...tendedtocriticizeco­workers...”可知，他们对同事要求过严，简洁指责同事，从而造成关系惊惶。80.discourage/affect/damage解析干脆信息题。由第六段的“...itcandiscouragecreativity.”可知答案。解题步骤与突破方法一、任务型阅读的解题步骤1.略读。快速阅读全文，理清文章基本结构，了解文章的框架及每段大意。2.扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，精确定位填空的要求，以便带着问题找寻答案。3.细读。深化理解文章内容，分析整合信息，精确表达。归纳概括，转换信息正确表述。4.复查。通观全篇，复读检查。二、复习中应留意培育解题实力1.培育词形转换实力，如：用所给词语的适当形式填空。(1)Thecarrusheddowntheroadatastonishingspeed.(astonish)(2)Thepostalservicehereisveryunreliable.(serve)(3)Theexamwasrelativelyeasy.(relative)常见的词性转换有：说明举例动词转化为名词，这类动词变为名词后，常跟have，make，take等词搭配表示一个动作havealook(talk，wash，swim，rest，dream，laugh，ride，dance，interview，etc.)makeastudy(guess，visit，call，change，answer，reply，promise，request，etc.)takeaseat(drive，look，bath，etc.)表具体实物的名词可转化为动词adropofwater(水)，watertheflowers(浇)；amapofEurope(地图)，maptheSouthPole(绘制地图)；abicyclechain(链条)，chainaboattoatree(拴住)表身体部位或某类人的名词可转化为动词Thestonehithimonthehead.(头)Headstraightforthefactory.(朝向)Thenurseondutyisnursingthepatient(护理)表抽象概念的名词可转化为动词Timeisabirdforeveronthewing.(时间)TakeadeepbreathandI’lltimeyou.(计时)有些形容词可作动词用Yourwatchisfiveminutesslow.(慢的)Slowdownyourcarinthecrowdedstreets.(放慢)Let’ssitintheshadeandgetcool.(凉爽的)Openthewindowstocooltheroom.(使凉爽)2.培育英语释义与概括实力，如：依据提示用意义相同的词完成各句，每空一词。(1)Theboyfeltuncomfortablewithhisnewclassmates.(notcomfortable)(2)Ifyouignoreyourdiet，troublewillfollow.(paynoattentionto)(3)Atanyrate，themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.(thingssuchasfood，medicines，etc.thatareneededbyagroupofpeople)3.培育逆向思维实力。如：依据提示用意义相反的词完成各句，每空一词。(1)Iamunabletocycletoschoolbecausemybicycleisbroken.(able)(2)Therehasbeenasteadydecreaseinpopulationinthiscity.(increase)(3)Theroughroadmadethecarvibrate.(smooth)4.培育语篇结构解读实力。如：利用完形填空和阅读理解的文章，在阅读后，写出文章主题，段落大意，自己动手绘制语篇结构图，以增加语篇结构解读的实力。三、复习建议学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的词或词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信念不足等等。因此，在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练，特殊要在以下几个方面留意积累阅历。1.学会查读(1)带着问题有意识地在微小环节处和关键处做标记；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place...)；(3)依据信息词搜寻所须要的内容。如：①5W＋H：who，what，when，where，why，how；②时间先后：first，then，afterthat，next，finally；③因果：because，thus，leadto，causedby，asaresultof；④比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，ho