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IntroductiontoBusinessIntroductiontoBusiness1Chapter1
WhatIsBusiness?Chapter1
WhatIsBusines2KeywordsbusinessproductiveresourcesoperatingcostsproductvaluepriceKeywordsbusiness3businessmodelcompetitiveadvantagesalesrevenueprofitcapitalwealthbusinessmodel4franchisingnonprofitorganizationbusinesssystembusinesscommercetradebarter
franchising5diminishingmarginalutilitylawofdemandlawofsupplymarginalcurveindustryprofitabilitydiminishingmarginalutilit6premiumpricespecializationbusinessoccupationinvisiblehandmonopolyhumancapitalpremiumprice7transactioncoststeamworkbusinessorganizationorganizationalstructurefunctionalactivitiesvaluechaintransactioncosts8primaryfunctionssecondaryfunctions
primaryfunctions9ConceptsWhatarethedifferencebetweentradeandbarter?P10DescribethelawofdemandP13DescribethelawofsupplyP13ConceptsWhatarethedifferenc10Howisthemarketpricedetermined?P13Howdoesprofitdifferfromprofitability?p14Howisthemarketpricedeterm11Whatarethethreemaincomponentsmakingupthebusinesssystem?businessascommercebusinessasanoccupationbusinessasanorganizationWhatarethethreemaincompon12Whatarethefourmainproductivefactorsforacompany?land,labor,capital,enterpriseWhatarethefourmainproduct13Chapter3
Entrepreneurs,Managers,andEmployeesChapter3
Entrepreneurs,14Keywordsentrepreneurentrepreneurshipfirstmoveradvantageintrapreneurshipventurecapitalistsintrinsicmotivation
Keywordsentrepreneur15extrinsicmotivationdelegateagencyproblemstockoptionsboardofdirectorschiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)extrinsicmotivation16topmanagersmiddlemanagersfirst-linemanagersefficiencyeffectivenessplanningtopmanagers17organizingorganizationalcultureleadingcross-functionalteamcontrollingbenchmarkingorganizing18rolementor
role19ConceptsWhatcommonmistakesentrepreneursmaymake?P63Whatarethedifferencebetweenintrinsicmotivationandextrinsicmotivation?P63ConceptsWhatcommonmistakese20Whatarethelevelsofmanagersinacompany?Whataretheirrespectiverolesandresponsibilities?p66-69Whatisthedifferencebetweenefficiencyandeffectiveness?P69-70Whatarethelevelsofmanager21Whatarethefouressentialfunctionsthatmanagersperform?planning,organizing,leading,controllingWhatarethefouressentialfu22Whatdoesitmeanby‘creativedestruction’?p64
Whatdoesitmeanby‘creative23Peopleexperienceseveraldifferentstagesintheircareers.Whatarethey?preparing-for-workentering-the-workforceearlycareermidcareerlate-careerPeopleexperienceseveraldiff24Chapter4
MultinationalsandtheGlobalEnvironmentofBusinessChapter4
Multinationals25Keywordsmultinationalcompaniesgovernmentrepresentativedemocracytotalitariangovernmentfree-tradeagreementquotasKeywordsmultinationalcomp26tradebarriersGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)freetradeareaglobalenvironmentspecificforcestradebarriers27suppliersglobaloutsourcingdistributorsintermediarymarketsharepolitical-economicforces
suppliers28free-marketeconomycommandeconomymixedeconomyvaluesnormsnationalculturefree-marketeconomy29demographicforceslegalforcesglobalnetworkproductivityqualityinnovationdemographicforces30responsivenesstocustomersexpatriatemanagershost-countrynationalsthird-countrynationalsexportinglicensingresponsivenesstocustomers31jointventurewhollyownedsubsidiariesjointventure32ConceptsWhatarethetwoprincipal,andopposite,kindsofpoliticalsystemintheworld?democracy,totalitarianismP92Whatisawelfarecapitalismcountry?P92ConceptsWhatarethetwoprinc33Whatarethetwokindsofforcesintheenvironmentthataffectacompany’sprofitability?specificforces,generalforcesp96Whatarethetwokindsofforc34Whatarethemainfourspecificforces?suppliers,distributorscompetitors,customersp96Whatarethemainfourspecifi35Thepricethecompanyultimatelypaysforitsresources,dependsonitsrelativebargainingpowerversusissuppliers.p96Ingeneral,supplierswillhavemorepowertoraisethepriceofaparticularresourceiftheyarefewinnumberortheyareprominentintheirindustry.Thepricethecompanyultimate36Otherforcesthataffectthepricescompanieshavetopayfortheirinputsincludetheavailabilityofnaturalresources.Thegreaterthenumberofcompetitorsthereareinaparticularmarket,thelowerwillbethepricestheycancharge.Otherforcesthataffectthep37Whatarethefourgeneralforcesintheenvironment?political-economicsocioculturaldemographiclegalWhatarethefourgeneralforc38WhatarethefiveculturaldimensionsintheHofstede’smodelofnationalculture?p102Companiescompetinggloballyfacefourglobalcommercechallenges,whatarethey?p106
Whatarethefiveculturaldim39whatarethefourmainwaystoincreaseacompany’seffectivenessandefficiency?p106Whatarethetwoprincipaloccupationalchalengesfacingglobalbusiness?115whatarethefourmainwayst40Whatarethefourprincipalmethodsofglobalorganizing?p114Whatarethefourprincipalme41Chapter9
InformationTechnologyand
E-CommerceChapter9
InformationTec42Keywordsinformationknowledgelearninginformationtechnologyorganizationallearninginformationoverload
Keywordsinformation43real-timeinformationchiefinformationofficer(CIO)transactionprocessingsystemsknowledgemanagementsystemsbestpracticesITconsultantsreal-timeinformation44expertsystemartificialintelligenceenterpriseresourceplanningsystemse-commerceB2Bmarketplaceintranet
expertsystem45legacysystemrouterEthernetbroadbandtechnologyWi-Fibest-of-breedsolution
legacysystem46industrystandardfirewallhackerscomputervirus
industrystandard47ConceptsWhatkindsofcharacteristicsdeterminetheusefulnessofinformation?completeaccurateandreliablerelevanttimelyP230ConceptsWhatkindsofcharacte48HowcanITdealwithdataandinformation?acquire,define,input,arrange,oragnize,manipulate,store,transmitHowcanITdealwithdataand49Whatarethefivemajorinformationtechnologyapplications?transactionprocessingsystemsknowledgemanagementsystemsexpertsystemsandartificialintelligenceenterpriseresourceplanningsystemse-commercesystemsWhatarethefivemajorinform50HowisTPsystemsusedindifferentdepartmentofacompany?inHRMinAccountingp233HowisTPsystemsusedindiff51Whichsystemiscalledthe‘backbone’ofacompany’sIT?Whatdoesitmeanby‘backbone’?TPsystemp233Whichsystemiscalledthe‘ba52Whatarethefunctionsofaexpertsystem?reasonthroughinformationrecognizeanddiagnoseproblemssuggestsolutionsp234Whatarethefunctionsofaex53HowdoesaERPfunction?
helpindividualfunctionsimprovetheiroperationsimprovetheintegrationbetweenfunctionsP235HowdoesaERPfunction?54Whatarethetwotypesoffunctionsthatavaluechainhas?primaryfunctionssecondaryfunctionsP235Whatarethetwotypesoffunc55Whatmakesuptheinternet?allthecomputerhardwaresuchasmainframes,servers,PCs,electronicnetworkswitchesorrouters,fiber-opticcable,tellines,wirelesstechnologyp242Whatmakesuptheinternet?56Whatarethefourlevelsofcomputerhardware?mainframe,LAN,PCorlaptopPDAorsmartphoneWhatarethefourlevelsofco57Chapter10
MarketingandProductDevelopmentChapter10
Marketingand58KeyWordsmarketingcustomerneedsproductdevelopmentsalescustomerrelationshipmanagementbusinessvision(mission)KeyWordsmarketing59productlifecyclemarketingresearchfocusgroupleadingcustomersleadingprovidersreverseengineeringproductlifecycle60customergroupsmarketsegmentproductdifferentiationmarketingmixmarketingmessageproductbrandingcustomergroups61brandnamebrandloyaltyproductpositioningtargetpricepromotionpromotionalmixbrandname62advertisingsalespromotionpublicrelationspersonalsellingplace
advertising63ConceptsHowmarketing,productdevelopment,andsalescooperatetogetproductstocustomers?P256-257Fromamarketingperspective,whatisthepurposeofafirm’sbusinessmission?tocapturetheattentionofcustomersandsparktheimaginationandenergyofitsemployeesp257ConceptsHowmarketing,product64Whatarethefourstagesinaproductlifecycle?P258Whatarethethreemainmarketingactivitiesinvolvedincreatingasuccessfulbusinessmodel?P259
Whatarethefourstagesina65Howdoesmarketingresearchbegin?P259Howtoidentifycustomerneeds?P260Whatisthedifferencebetweenaproduct-orientedapproachandacustomer-orientedonewhendoingmarketingresearch?p261Howdoesmarketingresearchbe66Howcustomergroupsandmarketsegmentsareidentified?P265Whatarethethreemainapproachestowardmarketsegmentation?p268Howcustomergroupsandmarket67Whatarethe4P’softhemarketingmix?P270Whatarerealdifferencesbetweencompetingproductsandwhataretheperceiveddifferences?p271Whatarethe4P’softhemarke68Whatarethethreecommontechniquesusedinadvertising?P274Whatarethethreemainchallengesthatmarketingmanagersfacetounderstandtheircustomers?p278Whatarethethreecommontech69Chapter11
Sales,Distribution,andCustomerRelationshipManagementChapter11
Sales,Distrib70KeywordsdistributiondistributionchannelpersonalsellingdownstreamvaluechainlicenseddistributorsordealersexclusivedealershipsKeywordsdistribution71wholesalersfinalcustomerretailersdirectdistributiondistributionmixcomplexproductswholesalers72TechnicalsellingmissionarysellingagentcreativesellingtradesellingretailsellingTechnicalselling73telemarketingbuyer’sremorsecustomerrelationshipmanagementsystemtelemarketing74ConceptsWhatarethefourmainkindsofdistributionchannels?P283Whatarethesalesanddistributionactivitiesinthedownstreamvaluechaindirectedatthecustomer?p284ConceptsWhatarethefourmain75Whatarethethreemainfactorsaffectingacompanytoselectthechannelstodistributeandsellitsproducts?P286Whatarethethreepersonalsellingapproachestosellcomplexproducts?p290Whatarethethreemainfactor76Whenmissionarysellingisusedmostoften?P290Whatarethethreeapproachestosellstandardizedproducts?p293Whenmissionarysellingisuse77Whatarethesixstagesinthesellingprocess?P295WhatarethethreeinterconnectedcomponentsthatCRMsystemshave?p299Whatarethesixstagesinthe78Chapter12
OperationsandMaterialsManagementChapter12
Operationsand79Keywordsoperationsmaterialsmanagementmaquiladorasinventorywork-in-processgoodsdistributioncostsKeywordsoperations80small-batchproductioncustomizedproducemassproductionstandardizedproductsflexibleproductionscomputer-integratedmanufacturingsmall-batchproduction81flexibleworkteamproductionlayouttotalqualitymanagementqualitycontrolcirclescomputer-aidedmaterialsmanagementglobalsupplychainmanagementflexibleworkteam82just-in-timeinventoryjust-in-timeinventory83ConceptsWhatarethethreestagesintheoperationsandmaterialsmanagementprocess?P308WhatarethefivemainsourcesofoperatingcostsaffectedbyOMMactivities?p311ConceptsWhatarethethreesta84Whatdoesplantcostsreferto?P312Whatoptionsdocompanieshavetoreduceplantcosts?P312Whatmakesupthecostoflabor?p313Whatdoesplantcostsreferto85WhatdoesinventoryconsistofineachstageoftheOMMprocess?P314Howtoreduceinventorycosts?P314Whatarethethreetypesofoperatingsystemsthatareusedtomakegoodsandservices?p316Whatdoesinventoryconsistof86Whatistheadvantageofsmall-batchproduction?P318Whatisthedownsideofmassproduction?P319Whatistheadvantageofsmall87Whataretheintegralelementsofflexibleproduction?P319Whatarethethreematerialsmanagementmethodsthatareoftenusedtobuildcompetitiveadvantage?p323Whataretheintegralelements88Chapter13
HumanResourceManagementChapter13
HumanResource89
Keywords
humanresourceshumanresourcemanagement(HRM)performanceappraisallaborrelations
Keywords
90
recruitmentselectionhumanresourceplanningworkflowanalysisjobanalysispositionanalysisquestionnaire
91jobdescriptionjobspecificationinternalrecruitmentexternalrecruitmentstructuredinterviewsnondirectiveinterviewsjobdescription92traininganddevelopmentcustomerrelationshipmanagement(CRM)totalqualitymanagement(TQM)enterpriseresourceplanning(ERP)training-needsanalysistraininggaptraininganddevelopment93on-the-jobtrainingperformanceappraisalperformancefeedback360-degreeperformanceappraisalformalappraisalsinformalappraisalson-the-jobtraining94paybenefitspaystructurepaylevelincentivepaypieceworkplanspay95commissionsystemmeritpaybonuspayprofitsharingplansemployeestockownershipplanorganizationbonussystemscommissionsystem96laborrelationstradeunionsindustrialconflictworking-to-rulelockoutstrikelaborrelations97collectivebargainingintegrativebargainingsolutionattitudinalstructuringgrievanceproceduremediationarbitration
collectivebargaining98ConceptsWhatarethefourproductiveresourcesthatbusinessusetomakeandsellgoodsandservices?land,labor,capital,enterpriseConceptsWhatarethefourprod99WhatarethefivemaincomponentsoftheHRMfunction?recruitmentandselectiontraininganddevelopmentperformanceappraisalandfeedbackpayandbenefitslaborrelationsWhatarethefivemaincompone100Whatarethefourbuildingblocksofacompetitiveadvantageforacompany?superiorefficiencyqualityinnovationresponsivenesstocustomersWhatarethefourbuildingblo101Whenacompany’sHRMsystemgivesitacompetitiveadvantage,hecompanycreatesmorevalueandprofit,thenhowwoulditsstakeholdersbenefit?customers,shareholders,employeesWhenacompany’sHRMsystemgi102Briefly,howtoconducthumanresourceplanning?P335Briefly,howtoconducthuman103WhatarethetwoimportanttoolsthathelpHRMmanagerstodeterminefutureworkforceneeds?workflowanalysisjobanalysisWhatarethetwoimportanttoo104Howtoconductajobanalysis?twowaysonpage335Whatisthedifferencebetweenjobdescriptionandjobspecification?Howtoconductajobanalysis?105Externalrecruitingisobviouslythemethodusedmosttofill______levelpositions,thatis,jobsontheloweststepofthecareerladder.entry,middle,highIntroductiontoBusiness教学讲解课件106Atypicalselectionprocessinvolvesfourmainscreeningsteps.Whatarethey?screeningapplicationsandresumesapplicanttestingandreferencecheckstheinterviewprocessmakingthefinalselectionAtypicalselectionprocessin107Whatarethemostcommoninterviewingmethods?structuredinterviews,non-directiveinterviewsDifferencebetweenthem?p341.Whatarethemostcommoninter108Howcanperformanceappraisalandfeedbackhelpmotivateemployeestoworkhardandperformatahighlevel?inthreemainwaysp346Howcanperformanceappraisal109Whenmanagersareobservingandassessingtheperformanceoftheiremployees,therearetwokindsofthingstheycanevaluate.Whatarethey?resultsoroutcomesactionsorbehaviorsWhenmanagersareobservingan110Whatistheforced-rankingmethod?P347Whatarethetwomainwaystogiveemployeesperformancefeedback?formalappraisalsinformalapraisalsWhatistheforced-rankingmet111Acompanymightchoosetopayitsemployeesabove,below,orattheindustry-averagepaylevel.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantages?p351Acompanymightchoosetopay112Whenemployeesformatradeunion,theycanusetheirincreasedbargainingpowertoobtainagreatershareoftheprofitacompanycreates.p354Whenemployeesformatradeun113Acompanyconsistsofdifferentgroupsofstakeholders.Theyhavedifferentexpectationsfromthecompany.p354topmanagersstockholdersemployeesAcompanyconsistsofdifferen114IntroductiontoBusinessIntroductiontoBusiness115Chapter1
WhatIsBusiness?Chapter1
WhatIsBusines116KeywordsbusinessproductiveresourcesoperatingcostsproductvaluepriceKeywordsbusiness117businessmodelcompetitiveadvantagesalesrevenueprofitcapitalwealthbusinessmodel118franchisingnonprofitorganizationbusinesssystembusinesscommercetradebarter
franchising119diminishingmarginalutilitylawofdemandlawofsupplymarginalcurveindustryprofitabilitydiminishingmarginalutilit120premiumpricespecializationbusinessoccupationinvisiblehandmonopolyhumancapitalpremiumprice121transactioncoststeamworkbusinessorganizationorganizationalstructurefunctionalactivitiesvaluechaintransactioncosts122primaryfunctionssecondaryfunctions
primaryfunctions123ConceptsWhatarethedifferencebetweentradeandbarter?P10DescribethelawofdemandP13DescribethelawofsupplyP13ConceptsWhatarethedifferenc124Howisthemarketpricedetermined?P13Howdoesprofitdifferfromprofitability?p14Howisthemarketpricedeterm125Whatarethethreemaincomponentsmakingupthebusinesssystem?businessascommercebusinessasanoccupationbusinessasanorganizationWhatarethethreemaincompon126Whatarethefourmainproductivefactorsforacompany?land,labor,capital,enterpriseWhatarethefourmainproduct127Chapter3
Entrepreneurs,Managers,andEmployeesChapter3
Entrepreneurs,128Keywordsentrepreneurentrepreneurshipfirstmoveradvantageintrapreneurshipventurecapitalistsintrinsicmotivation
Keywordsentrepreneur129extrinsicmotivationdelegateagencyproblemstockoptionsboardofdirectorschiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)extrinsicmotivation130topmanagersmiddlemanagersfirst-linemanagersefficiencyeffectivenessplanningtopmanagers131organizingorganizationalcultureleadingcross-functionalteamcontrollingbenchmarkingorganizing132rolementor
role133ConceptsWhatcommonmistakesentrepreneursmaymake?P63Whatarethedifferencebetweenintrinsicmotivationandextrinsicmotivation?P63ConceptsWhatcommonmistakese134Whatarethelevelsofmanagersinacompany?Whataretheirrespectiverolesandresponsibilities?p66-69Whatisthedifferencebetweenefficiencyandeffectiveness?P69-70Whatarethelevelsofmanager135Whatarethefouressentialfunctionsthatmanagersperform?planning,organizing,leading,controllingWhatarethefouressentialfu136Whatdoesitmeanby‘creativedestruction’?p64
Whatdoesitmeanby‘creative137Peopleexperienceseveraldifferentstagesintheircareers.Whatarethey?preparing-for-workentering-the-workforceearlycareermidcareerlate-careerPeopleexperienceseveraldiff138Chapter4
MultinationalsandtheGlobalEnvironmentofBusinessChapter4
Multinationals139Keywordsmultinationalcompaniesgovernmentrepresentativedemocracytotalitariangovernmentfree-tradeagreementquotasKeywordsmultinationalcomp140tradebarriersGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)freetradeareaglobalenvironmentspecificforcestradebarriers141suppliersglobaloutsourcingdistributorsintermediarymarketsharepolitical-economicforces
suppliers142free-marketeconomycommandeconomymixedeconomyvaluesnormsnationalculturefree-marketeconomy143demographicforceslegalforcesglobalnetworkproductivityqualityinnovationdemographicforces144responsivenesstocustomersexpatriatemanagershost-countrynationalsthird-countrynationalsexportinglicensingresponsivenesstocustomers145jointventurewhollyownedsubsidiariesjointventure146ConceptsWhatarethetwoprincipal,andopposite,kindsofpoliticalsystemintheworld?democracy,totalitarianismP92Whatisawelfarecapitalismcountry?P92ConceptsWhatarethetwoprinc147Whatarethetwokindsofforcesintheenvironmentthataffectacompany’sprofitability?specificforces,generalforcesp96Whatarethetwokindsofforc148Whatarethemainfourspecificforces?suppliers,distributorscompetitors,customersp96Whatarethemainfourspecifi149Thepricethecompanyultimatelypaysforitsresources,dependsonitsrelativebargainingpowerversusissuppliers.p96Ingeneral,supplierswillhavemorepowertoraisethepriceofaparticularresourceiftheyarefewinnumberortheyareprominentintheirindustry.Thepricethecompanyultimate150Otherforcesthataffectthepricescompanieshavetopayfortheirinputsincludetheavailabilityofnaturalresources.Thegreaterthenumberofcompetitorsthereareinaparticularmarket,thelowerwillbethepricestheycancharge.Otherforcesthataffectthep151Whatarethefourgeneralforcesintheenvironment?political-economicsocioculturaldemographiclegalWhatarethefourgeneralforc152WhatarethefiveculturaldimensionsintheHofstede’smodelofnationalculture?p102Companiescompetinggloballyfacefourglobalcommercechallenges,whatarethey?p106
Whatarethefiveculturaldim153whatarethefourmainwaystoincreaseacompany’seffectivenessandefficiency?p106Whatarethetwoprincipaloccupationalchalengesfacingglobalbusiness?115whatarethefourmainwayst154Whatarethefourprincipalmethodsofglobalorganizing?p114Whatarethefourprincipalme155Chapter9
InformationTechnologyand
E-CommerceChapter9
InformationTec156Keywordsinformationknowledgelearninginformationtechnologyorganizationallearninginformationoverload
Keywordsinformation157real-timeinformationchiefinformationofficer(CIO)transactionprocessingsystemsknowledgemanagementsystemsbestpracticesITconsultantsreal-timeinformation158expertsystemartificialintelligenceenterpriseresourceplanningsystemse-commerceB2Bmarketplaceintranet
expertsystem159legacysystemrouterEthernetbroadbandtechnologyWi-Fibest-of-breedsolution
legacysystem160industrystandardfirewallhackerscomputervirus
industrystandard161ConceptsWhatkindsofcharacteristicsdeterminetheusefulnessofinformation?completeaccurateandreliablerelevanttimelyP230ConceptsWhatkindsofcharacte162HowcanITdealwithdataandinformation?acquire,define,input,arrange,oragnize,manipulate,store,transmitHowcanITdealwithdataand163Whatarethefivemajorinformationtechnologyapplications?transactionprocessingsystemsknowledgemanagementsystemsexpertsystemsandartificialintelligenceenterpriseresourceplanningsystemse-commercesystemsWhatarethefivemajorinform164HowisTPsystemsusedindifferentdepartmentofacompany?inHRMinAccountingp233HowisTPsystemsusedindiff165Whichsystemiscalledthe‘backbone’ofacompany’sIT?Whatdoesitmeanby‘backbone’?TPsystemp233Whichsystemiscalledthe‘ba166Whatarethefunctionsofaexpertsystem?reasonthroughinformationrecognizeanddiagnoseproblemssuggestsolutionsp234Whatarethefunctionsofaex167HowdoesaERPfunction?
helpindividualfunctionsimprovetheiroperationsimprovetheintegrationbetweenfunctionsP235HowdoesaERPfunction?168Whatarethetwotypesoffunctionsthatavaluechainhas?primaryfunctionssecondaryfunctionsP235Whatare
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