英语现实主义文学课件

现实主义Realism汉语言1班2组CatalogbackgroundRealism(Realism),isalsocalled"Realism",Generallyitthatinhumancognition,ourunderstandingandperceptionofobjectsaresameastheactualexistenceofobjectswhichareindependentofourhearts.Generallyconsideredrealisticpaysmoreattentiontorealityandactualrejectidealism.现实主义（Realism），又称“写实主义”，认为在人类的认知中，我们对物体的理解与感知，与物体独立于我们心灵之外的实际存在是一致的。一般认为现实主义关心现实和实际而排斥理想主义。resourceRealismOriginatedfromthewest'smostancientliterarytheory,whichisthegreeksthat"artisthedirectretrievalofnaturalorimitationofnature".Thecriteriaofsuccessarethatthework'sverisimilitudeandthelevelofsimilarity.最初源于西方最古老的文学理论，即古希腊人那种“艺术乃自然的直接复现或对自然的模仿”的朴素的观念，作品的逼真性或与对象的酷似程度成为判断作品成功与否的准则。发展历程developmentmagnumopus《人间喜剧》TheHumanComedy作者：巴尔扎克Balzac国别：法国France介绍：人间喜剧，巴尔扎克著，一共有91部，包含了各式各样的长、中、短篇小说和随笔，总名为《人间喜剧》。《人间喜剧》展示了法国社会的整个面貌，其社会历史内容可以归纳为——贵族衰亡、资产者发迹、金钱罪恶，被称为三大主题。TheHumanComedy特点：1、高度的典型性，再现典型环境中的典型人物。2、细节真实，突出人物性格，更具感染力。3、强烈的现实性，立意高，视野阔，挖掘深。Characteristic：1、Ahighdegreeoftypical,typicalcharactersinthetypicalenvironment.2、Thedetailsofthereal,prominentcharacter,moreinfectious.3、Realistic,strongconceptionofhigh,wideview,deepmining.DavidCopperfieldIntroduced："DavidCopperfield"isaBritishnovelist,CharlesDickens'seighthnovels,calledhim"themostbelovedchildren"intheheart,inbetween1849and1849,twentypartspublishedeverymonth.ThebookUSESthefirst-personnarrative,morphintomanylifeexperiencesofthewriter.NoveltellsthestoryoftheheroDavidfromyouthtomiddleage,lifehistory,with"I"wasbornasthesource,thefriend'ssincerityanddark,andtheloveofchildishandimpulse,sweetmarriageandtrivial,familyconflictandharmonytogetherintoastream,flowsslowlyinthefateoftheriverbed,eventuallyintothegrandeurofthesea.Alongwithdifferentpeopleandchances.Wittyhumor,showsthebroadpicture,themiddleofthe19thcenturyBritainreflectsdickenshopethattheworldisfullofkindnessandjusticeideal.magnumopus《战争与和平》作者：列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰国别：俄国介绍：《战争与和平》是俄国作家列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰的代表作之一。为了完成这部划时代的巨著，托尔斯泰前后耗费十余年的光阴，并本书于1865年到1869年出版，讲述欧洲拿破仑时期的俄国（今俄罗斯）所发生的事。《战争与和平》自从问世以来，一直被认为是世界上最伟大的小说之一。故事以1812年俄国法国战争为中心，反映了1805年至1820年的重大事件，包括奥斯特利茨大战、波罗底诺会战、莫斯科大火、拿破仑溃退等。通过对四大家庭以及安德烈、皮埃尔、娜塔莎在战争与和平环境中的思想和行动的描写，展示了当时俄国社会的风貌。在《战争与和平》中，人物就多达559个，每一个都是活生生的血肉之躯，各有其独特的个性，且充满了生命的悸动，人的欢乐、痛苦、各种内心思绪——在这幅画里都应有尽有。而书中史诗般的辉煌节奏与宽阔视界，也只有荷马的作品可以相提并论。WarandpeaceAuthor:LevNikolayevichTolstoyCountry:RussiaIntroduced:"Warandpeace"isoneoftherepresentativeworksofRussianwriterLevNikolayevichTolstoy.Inordertocompletetheepoch-makingmasterpiece,Tolstoyandspentmorethantenyearsoftime,andbookin1865to1869published,theeraofNapoleoninEuropeaboutRussia(nowRussia)things."Warandpeace"hasbeenregardedasoneofthegreatestnovelsintheworldsinceitsadvent.Storyin1812theRussianwarwithFranceasthecenter,reflectingthemajoreventsofthe1805and1820,includingAusterlitzwar,PolobottombattleofConnaught,theburningofMoscow,Napoleonretreatsandsoon.Throughthefourfamilies,aswellasAndre,Pierre,Natashainthewarandpeaceintheenvironmentofthethinkingandactionofthedescription,showingthestyleoftheRussiansocietyatthattime.In"warandpeace",figureupto559,everyarelivingfleshflesh,eachwithitsownuniquepersonalityandfullofthrobbingwithlife,thejoyandpain,alltheinnerthoughtsinthispicturethehaveeverythingthatoneexpectstofind.Butinthebooktheepicmagnificentrhythmandthebroadvision,alsoonlyHomer'sworkcanbecompared.Warandpeace特点：1、反应现实，揭示矛盾，注重细节真实。2、暴露黑暗，批判罪恶，宣扬人道主义。3、重视环境影响，塑造典型人物。4、扩大描写范围，发展艺术特色。Characteristic:1、Reactivereality,revealingcontradictions,payattentiontothedetailsofthereal.2、Exposethedarkness,criticizetheevil,andpromotethehumanitarian.3、Attentiontoenvironmentalimpact,toshapethetypicalcharacters.4、Toexpandthescopeofthedescription,thedevelopmentofartisticcharacteristics.现实主义文学的特点细节真实，有真实的细节描写，用历史的、具体的人生图画来反映社会生活。形象典型，通过典型的方法，对现实的生活素材进行选择、提炼、概括，从而深刻地揭示生活的某些本质特征。方式客观，通过对现实生活的客观，具体的描写，从作品的场面和情节中自然地体现出作者的思想倾向和爱憎感情，而不要作者自己或借人物之口特别地说出来。去尽谎言，去尽政治谎言、道德谎言、商业谎言、维护权贵阶级谎言等。纯文学化，排除文学外的其他目的（包括政治、商业、道德及阶级维护）。CharacteristicsofrealisticliteratureThedetailsaretrue,therearerealdetailsofthedescription,withthehistory,thespecificlifepicturetoreflectthesociallife.Typicalimage,throughthetypicalmethodofreallifematerialselection,abstraction,generalization,thusrevealingsomeessentialfeaturesoflife.Objectively,throughtothereallifeobjective,detaileddescription,fromthescenesoftheworksandtheplotnaturallyreflectstheideologicaltendenciesandloveandhatred,andnottheauthor'sownorborrowthecharactersespeciallytospeakout.Totrytolie,removePoliticallie,Morallies,Businesslies,Maintenanceofeliteclassliesetc.Pureliterary,excludeotherpurposes(includingpolitical,commercial,moralandclassmaintenance).Theartistictechniqueofrealisticliterature1、Focusonobservationsoflifeandexperience,andstrivetomakeartisticdescriptioninappearance,detailsconsistentwiththeactuallifeform,appearanceandlogic.2、Payattentiontotheapplicationofthetypicalmethods,andstrivetodescribeintheart,throughthedetailsofthereallifeoftheessenceoflife,thelaw.3、Thewriterisgenerallynotintheworkstoexpressfeelings,thoughttendencyworksmoresubtle.4、MustremovePoliticallie,Morallies,Businesslies,Mainten