人文英语4unit15课件

人文英语4unit15人文英语4unit151Unit2Unit3Unit4CityandCountryLifeEducationalFairnessUnit5QualityofEducationLegalComplaintUnit6EffectiveCommunicationUnit7SocialWorkUnit8PleadingnotGuiltyContentsUnit1BritishCultureUnit2Unit3Unit4CityandCou1BritishCulture1BritishCulture42给予解释Giveexplanations写评论Writeacomment表达强调Expressemphasis31LearningObjectives谈论英国文化TalkaboutBritishculture42给予解释Giveexplanations写评论Writ4GettingStartedMatchtheplaces/peoplewiththepicturesbelow.Pleasemakesomecommentsontheplaces/people.YoumaysearchformoredetailedinformationontheInternet.WilliamShakespeareB.TowerBridgeC.BigBen

D.TheBeatlesE.TheLondonEyeF.WinstonChurchill

GettingStartedMatchtheplace5

BigBen（大本钟）BigBenisthenicknamefortheGreatBelloftheclockatthenorthendofthePalaceofWestminsterinLondon,andoftenextendedtorefertotheclockandtheclocktower.ThetowerisofficiallyknownasElizabethTower,renamedtocelebratetheDiamondJubileeofElizabethIIin2012.Thetowerholdsthesecondlargestfour-facedchimingclockintheworld.Thetowerwascompletedin1858andhasbecomeoneofthemostprominentsymbolsoftheUnitedKingdomandisoftenintheestablishingshotoffilmssetinLondon.

CultureNoteBigBen（大本钟）CultureNote6TowerBridge（塔桥）TowerBridge(built1886–1894)isacombinedbasculeandsuspensionbridge（开合桥和吊桥）inLondon.ThebridgecrossestheRiverThamesclosetotheTowerofLondonandhasbecomeaniconicsymbolofLondon.Thebridgeconsistsoftwobridgetowerstiedtogetherattheupperlevelbytwohorizontalwalkways.Thebridgedeckisfreelyaccessibletobothvehiclesandpedestrians,whereasthebridge’stwintowers,high-levelwalkwaysandVictorianengineroomsformpartoftheTowerBridgeExhibition,forwhichanadmissionchargeismade.

CultureNoteTowerBridge（塔桥）CultureNote7

WilliamShakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoet,playwright,andactor,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld’spreeminent（卓越的，超群的）dramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland’snationalpoet,andthe“BardofAvon”.Hisextantworks,includingcollaborations,consistofapproximately38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andafewotherverses,someofuncertainauthorship.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.

CultureNoteWilliamShakespeare（威廉·莎士8WhatquestiondoesLiuHuiaskGordonaboutwatchingTV?Whatbenefitcanpeopleenjoywhentheyreachtheageof75intermsofTVlicense?WhatisthemainsourceofincomeforBBC?ListeningandSpeaking——Task3Listentothedialogandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhatquestiondoesLiuHuias9【句子】YouneedtobecoveredbyaTVlicenseifyouwatchorrecordprogramsasthey’rebeingshownonTVorliveonanonlineTVservice.【译文】如果你观看或录制电视播放或在线实况转播的节目，你就需要持有电视收视许可证。【难点】license许可证，执照。例如：businesslicense营业执照，driver’slicense驾驶执照；美语中，license也可以作动词，意为“授权，发许可证”。例如：ThenewdrughasnotyetbeenlicensedintheUS.这种新药在美国还没有被许可。online在线的，在网上。例如：onlineshopping网络购物，onlinegame网络游戏，onlinebanking网上银行。ListeningandSpeaking——Task3LanguageNotes【句子】Youneedtobecoveredby10【句子】IncludingwatchingTVoncomputersandmobilephones?【译文】包括在电脑上和手机上看电视吗?【难点】mobile移动式的。例如：mobilephone移动电话，手机；mobilecommunication移动通信。【句子】WedoforthelivecableTVprograms.【译文】我们的直播有线电视节目需要电视收视许可证。【难点】这里的do指上句话中的need，意为“需要”。单词live此处是形容词，意为“直播的”。cable电缆。例如：Theyruncommercialsoncablesystemsacrossthecountry.他们在遍布全国的有线电视网做广告。ListeningandSpeaking——Task3LanguageNotes【句子】IncludingwatchingTVonc11强调句Idohatetheawfulsymbolsonthewallsdefinitely.我绝对讨厌墙上那些讨厌的符号。•英语中表示“强调”的方式有很多种，常见的方法如下：1.用助词do表示强调。例如：Thebabyisgenerallyhealthy,buteverynowandthenshedoescatchacold.Dobequiet.ItoldyouIhadaheadache.2.用形容词very，single等表示强调。例如：TheRedArmyfoughtabattleonthisveryspot.Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon.3.用副词very，only，even，so等表示强调。例如：CheckItOut强调句CheckItOut12Hedrankittotheverylastdrop.Onlyinthiswaycanwewipeouttheenemytroops.4.用...andthat，...andthose，...nottoomuch,“否定加否定”等结构表示强调。例如：Theyfulfilledthetask,andthatinafewdays.5.用反身代词表示强调。例如：Imyselfwillseeheroffatthestation.6.用短语ineveryway，innoway，byallmeans，bynomeans,onlytoo，alltoo，buttoo，inheaven，intheworld，inhell，onearth等表示强调。例如：Hisbehaviorisineverywayperfect.CheckItOutHedrankittotheverylastd13ListentothedialoganddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTRUE(T)orFALSE(F).ListeningandSpeaking——Task41.Mollyhasalreadyhadsomeplansthisafternoon.

2.ZhangHuaasksMollytowalkaroundwithhim.

3.ZhangHuawantstoseethetypicalBritishphoneboothsortheredbuses.

4.Mollydoesn’tthinkgraffitiispartofLondon’sstreetculture.

5.Itisthroughthemovie,Sherlock,thatZhangHuabecomesinterestedingraffiti

（）（）（）（）（）Listentothedialoganddecid14【句子】Wouldyouliketowalkaroundwithme?【译文】您愿意和我一起四处走走吗？【难点】walkaround四处走走。例如：It’simportanttotakemini-breaksduringyourworkday.Stopwhatyou’redoing,massageyourshoulders,neck,head,handsandarms,getupandstretch,walkaroundanddrinksomewater.忙碌的一天中抽出时间歇一会儿是很重要的。停下手中的事，揉揉肩膀、脖子、头、手和手臂，站起来伸个懒腰，四处走动走动，喝点儿水。【句子】Youcanposeforpictureswiththesemagnificentplacesinthebackground.【译文】你可以以这些壮观的地方作背景留影。【难点】posefor摆好姿势（让别人拍照或画像）。例如：Ihadn’tbeenonahorsesinceIwasfive,andthenonlytoposeforapictureinacowboyoutfit.我五岁的时候曾经穿着一身牛仔装爬到马背上，但只是为了拍张照片而已，从那以后我就再没有骑过马。ListeningandSpeaking——Task4LanguageNotes【句子】Wouldyouliketowalkaro15Itis/was+被强调部分+that…句型•Itis/was+被强调部分+that...句型是强调句型，将被强调的部分放在前面，其他部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that也可以由who替代。Itis…或Itwas…分别表示现在（将来）或过去。例如：Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.（强调主语）Itismethatheisgoingtoblame.（强调宾语）ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.(强调状语）

CheckItOutItis/was+被强调部分+that…句16UsefulExpressionsTalkaboutBritishcultureI’dliketoseemoreofLondon’sstreets.Ialsowanttoseesomethingspecial.ThetypicalBritishphoneboothsortheredbuses?Idohatetheawfulsymbolsonthewallsdefinitely.Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon.Hedrankittotheverylastdrop.ExpressemphasisGiveexplanationsYouneedtobecoveredbyaTVlicense…Itcoststhesameforallapplicantsunder75.ThereisnoadvertisingontheBBCchannels.UsefulExpressionsTalkaboutI17Readthepassageandcorrectthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.ReadingandWriting——Task51.Therearenofreeservicesover480channelsforpeopletochoosefromintheUK.2.PeopleintheUKcan’twatchdigitalcontentontheInternet.3.TheLaborandLiberalPartiesagreedwiththebillintroducedbytheConservativeGovernmentin1953.4.TheBBCandIndependentTelevisionoftenputoutdifferenttypesofprogramsatthesametime.5.Thelicensefeeforcolorisalmostthesameasthatforblackandwhite.

Readthepassageandcorrectt18ReadingandWriting——Task5FillintheblankswiththewordsandexpressionsfromthepassagetooutlinethedevelopmentofBritishTV.TelevisionbroadcastingstartedintheUnitedKingdomin1936asapublicservice1.In1953theConservativeGovernmentintroducedabillto2commercialtelevision.Thiswasopposedverystronglybythe3Parties,butthebillwaspassedandcommercialtelevisionflourishes.Nowthereisacollectionof4servicesoveravarietyofdistributionmedia,throughwhichthereareover480channelsforconsumersaswellas5.IntheUnitedKingdomand6,anyhouseholdwatchingorrecordinglivetelevisiontransmissionsastheyarebeingbroadcast(terrestrial,satellite,cable,orInternet)isrequiredtoholda7.SinceApril1,2010the8hasbeen£145.50forcolorand£49.00for9.OnOctober24,2012,alltelevisionbroadcastsintheUnitedKingdomwere10.ReadingandWriting——Task5Fi19【句子】Nowthereisacollectionoffreeandsubscriptionservicesoveravarietyofdistributionmedia,throughwhichthereareover480channelsforconsumersaswellason-demandcontent.【译文】现在，各种传播媒体可为消费者提供480多个频道及点播内容，其中既有免费服务也有付费服务。【难点】subscription订购，订阅。例如：subscriptionlibrary收费图书馆，subscriptionchannel付费频道。on-demand按需的。例如：Theneedforbusinessintegrationintheondemanderahasneverbeensocompelling.进入随需应变的时代以来，我们对业务整合的需求从未如此强烈。【句子】OnOctober24,2012,alltelevisionbroadcastsintheUnitedKingdomwereinadigitalformat.【译文】2012年10月24日，英国所有的电视广播都采用数码格式。【难点】format格式。例如：Wewilldiscusstheadvantagesofoneformatovertheother.我们将讨论这两种格式各自的优点。LanguageNotesReadingandWriting——Task5【句子】Nowthereisacollection20ReadingandWriting——Task5LanguageNotes【句子】In1953theConservativeGovernmentintroducedabilltomakearrangementsforcommercialtelevision.【译文】1953年，保守党政府提出了一项议案，安排设立商业电视。【难点】conservative保守的。例如：Peopletendtobemoreliberalwhenthey’reyoungandmoreconservativeastheygetolder.人们年轻时往往更开放，年纪越大就越保守。bill议案。例如：ThisisthetoughestcrimebillthattheCongresshaspassedinadecade.这是十年来国会通过的最强硬的犯罪议案。makearrangementsfor安排某事。例如：I’mgoingtomakearrangementsforyourbusinesstrip.我去给你安排出差事宜。commercial商业的。例如：Baltimoreinitsheydaywasamajorcenterofindustrialandcommercialactivity.巴尔的摩在其鼎盛时期曾是工商业活动的重要中心。ReadingandWriting——Task5Lan21【句子】Thus,thelicensefeemadeupthebulkoftheBBC’stotalincomeof£5.102billionin2012–2013.【译文】因此，收视许可证费占到了BBC2012~2013年51.02亿英镑总收入的大部分。【难点】makeup组成，构成。例如：TheChinesemakeupthelargestsingleethnicgroupinthecity’spublicclassrooms.华人在该市公立学校中构成最大的一个族群。bulk大部分，大多数。例如：Thebulkofthetextisessentiallyareviewoftheseoriginaldocuments.正文的大部分基本上是对这些原始文献的回顾。LanguageNotesReadingandWriting——Task5【句子】Thus,thelicensefeemad22TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Graffitipaintingistraditionallyadaredevilpursuit.2.Butoverthepastdecade,graffitihasallbutdisappearedfromBritain’scities.3.Themostobviousreasonforthedeclineintaggingandtrain-paintingisbetterpolicing.4.TheInternetmeansthatpainterscanwinfarmoreattentionbypostingpicturesonlinethantheycanbybreakingintoarailwayyard.5.IthasbecomesomethingtodoonaSundayafternoon—aslightlyhealthieralternativetosittingandwatchingfootball.ReadingandWriting——Task6Translatethefollowingsenten23【句子】Between2007and2012thenumberofincidentsofgraffitirecordedbytheBritishTransportPolicefellby63%.【译文】2007~2012年，英国交通警察局记录的涂鸦事件下降了63%。【难点】incident事件。例如：Theseincidentswerethelatestinaseriesofdisputesbetweenthetwonations.这些事件是两国一系列争端中最近的几起。【句子】Ifyouarehavinganargumentwithyourchild,youneedtomakesureyoubothtakethetimetoreallylisten.【译文】如果你和孩子之间发生争执，你应该确保你们彼此花时间互相倾听对方。【难点】haveanargumentwith…与……发生争吵。例如：Tomhadanargumentwithhisbossduringthemeetingthismorning.汤姆今天上午在开会的时候和他的老板发生了争吵。takethetimetodo…花费时间去做某事。其中take表示“耗费（时间）”，经常用于这个结构中：Ittakessb.(sometime)todosth.某人花时间做某事。例如：Ittakesmealongtimetounderstandthethemeofthenovel.我花了相当长的时间才理解了那部小说的主题。ReadingandWriting——Task6LanguageNotes【句子】Between2007and2012the24【句子】Graffitiareincreasinglyconfinedtosanctionedwalls.【译文】涂鸦越来越被限制在被批准的墙上。【难点】confine限制。例如：Theydecidednottolettheirnewdogrunloose,confiningittoafencedenclosureduringtheday.他们决定不让他们新买的狗乱跑，白天就把它关在有围栏的围圈里。sanction批准，认可。例如：Thechurchwouldnotsanctionhissecondmarriage.教会不会认可他的第二次婚姻。【句子】Intimethepracticemaydieoutentirely.【译文】最终涂鸦也许会完全消失。【难点】intime最终，迟早。例如：Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你总有一天会成功。dieout消失，灭绝。例如：Campuslifewillloseitsvarietyandvigorifmarginalizedclubsdieout.如果一些边缘社团消失了，校园生活也就会失去其多样性和活力。ReadingandWriting——Task6LanguageNotes【句子】Graffitiareincreasingly25CorporateCulture（企业文化）

Corporatecultureisthegeneralvalues,beliefsandattitudesthatcharacterizeacompanyandguideitspractices.Tosomeextent,acompany’sinternalculturemaybeexpressedinitsmissionstatementorvisionstatement.Elementsofcorporatecultureincludeacompany’sphysicalenvironment,humanresourcespracticesandthestaffitself.Corporatecultureisalsoreflectedinthedegreeofemphasisplacedonvariousdefiningelementssuchashierarchy（层级）,process,innovation,collaboration,competition,communityinvolvementandsocialengagement.Acorporateculturethatreflectsthebroadercultureisusuallymoresuccessfulthanonethatisatoddswithit.Forexample,inthecurrentglobalculture,whichvaluestransparency（透明度）,equalityandcommunication,asecretivecompanywithastrictlyhierarchicalstructuremayhaveapublicrelationsproblem.WorkplaceTipWorkplace

Tip

26Askyourclassmates,colleaguesorfriendsthefollowingquestionsandwritedownhis/heranswers.ReadingandWriting——Task7Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?DoyourfamilymembersoftenwatchTV?HowmanyhoursdotheyspendwatchingTVeverydayonaverage?WhatkindofTVprogramsdoyourfamilymembersliketowatch?DoyourfamilymembersoftenwatchTVtogether?

Askyourclassmates,colleague272CityandCountryLife2CityandCountryLife42谈论最新消息Giveandrespondtonews写备忘录Writeamemo表达强烈情感Expressstrongfeelings31LearningObjectives谈论城乡生活Talkabouturbanandrurallife42谈论最新消息Giveandrespondtone29GettingStartedWhatarethepeopleinthefollowingpicturesdoing?Whatkindsofsportsdoyoulikebest?Matchthepictureswiththesportsinthebox.FootballtabletennisfishingcyclingboardgameshikingcampingsnookerskatingbowlingcardgamesGettingStartedWhatarethepe30WheredoesZhangHualivethesedays?WhathasmadeZhangHuamovetothecountry?WhatdoesZhangHuaplantodointhefuture?ListeningandSpeaking——Task3Listentothedialogandanswerthefollowingquestions.WheredoesZhangHualivethes31【句子】I’vejustgottenfedupwiththetensionofcitylife.【译文】我已经厌倦了紧张的城市生活。【难点】be/getfedupwithsth.意思是“受够了，厌倦了”。例如：Heisfedupwiththenoiseandclosesthedoor.他受够了那噪声，关上了门【句子】Inolongerhavetobreatheinexhaustfumes.【译文】我再也不用吸入那些废气了。【难点】nolonger/nomore表示“不再”，与not…anylonger/more意思一样。例如：Henolongerliveshere.他不再住在这里了。也可以说：Hedoesn’tlivehereanylonger.ListeningandSpeaking——Task3LanguageNotes【句子】I’vejustgottenfedupwi32

(not)as…as的用法Therearen’tasmanyjobvacanciesinthecountryasinthecity.乡下的空缺职位不如城里多。•notas/so+adj./adv.+as的意思是“不如，不像”。例如：Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.•其肯定式为as…as，意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。例如：Thisfilmisasinterestingasthatone.•另外还有一些常见的as…as…句型，但是不表示比较。例如：Pleaseanswermyquestionassoonaspossible.CheckItOut

33ListentothedialoganddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTRUE(T)orFALSE(F).ListeningandSpeaking——Task4

1.Thenewspapersaysweshouldsorttrash.（）2.Manycommunitieshavenotalreadydonethat.（）3.Trashistrashnotonlywheneverythingismixedtogether.（）4.Itishightimeforustosortoutthetrash.（）5.Peopleshouldbeinformedabouthowtodothatinthefirstplace.（）Listentothedialoganddeci34【句子】Withtrashseparated,pollutioncausedbyincinerationcanbeavoided.【译文】如果垃圾被分类，那么焚烧带来的污染就可以避免。【难点】句中介词with后跟名词短语，表示条件。例如：Withyourpermission,sir,I’dliketospeak.先生，若您允许，我想发言。【句子】Otherwise,fewpeoplewouldbothertodoit.【译文】否则，很少有人会费力这样做。【难点】bothertodosth.意为“费力做某事，不嫌麻烦做某事”，常用于否定句中，表示不理会、嫌麻烦的态度。例如：Hedidn’tevenbothertosaythankyou.他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。ListeningandSpeaking——Task4LanguageNotes【句子】Withtrashseparated,poll35Itis(high)time…的用法Itishightimeforustosortoutthetrash.现在正是该将垃圾分类的时候了。•Itis(high)time…意思是“现在正是该……的时候了”，后面可以跟不定式。例如：Itishightimeforthestudentstodevotemoreenergytolearningtechnology.Itishightimeforustomakechangesinthedigitalage.•当Itis(high)time…后面加that从句的时候，要用虚拟语气，即从句中要用过去时或“should+动词原形”的形式。例如：Itis(high)timethatwewenttobed.Itis(high)timethatweshouldtellhimthetruth.CheckItOutItis(hi36Incineration（垃圾焚烧）

Incinerationisawastetreatmentprocessthatinvolvesthecombustion（燃烧）oforganicsubstancescontainedinwastematerials.Incinerationofwastematerialsconverts（转化）thewasteintoash,fluegas,andheat.Incineratorsreducethesolidmass（质量）oftheoriginalwasteby80%–85%andthevolume（体积）(alreadycompressedsomewhatingarbagetrucks)by95%–96%.Incinerationshouldalsoincludeamaterialsseparationtoremovehazardous（危险的）,bulkyorrecyclablematerialsbeforecombustion.

CultureNoteIncineration（垃圾焚烧）Cu37UsefulExpressionsTalkabouturbanandrurallifeIlikelivinginthecountry—lifeissimple,quietandenergetic.Itmeansquietness,privacy,harmonyandpeaceforme.Livinginthecountryrequiresanactivelifestyle..Thatwouldbegreat!I’vegottenfedupwiththetensionofcitylifeIalwayshateitwhenpeoplemixallthetrashtogether.ExpressstrongfeelingsGiveandrespondtonewsThat’swonderful/fantastic!I’mgladtohearthat!Whatfantastic/good/brilliant/great/wonderful/splendidnews!UsefulExpressionsTalkaboutu38PublicLibrary（公共图书馆）Apubliclibraryisalibrarythatisaccessiblebythegeneralpublic.Theyaregenerallysupportedbytaxes(usuallylocal,thoughanylevelofgovernmentcanandmaycontribute).Theyprovidebasicserviceswithoutchargeandareopentoallandeverycommunitymembercanaccessthecollection.Publiclibrariesexistinmanycountriesacrosstheworldandareoftenconsideredasanessentialpartofhavinganeducatedandliterate（有读写能力的）population.

CultureNotePublicLibrary（公共图39ReadingandWriting——Task5Theauthorhaslivedinthecountrysideformorethanadecade,andhe/sheloveslivingthere.Livinginthecountryisnotinterestingatall.Theauthortakesawalkordrivesalongcountryroadsalmosteveryday.PeoplelivinginthecountryusuallygoshoppingeverySaturday.Accordingtotheauthor,nobodydislikescountrysidelife.ReadthepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).ReadingandWriting——Task5The40ReadingandWriting——Task5LanguageNotes【句子】Itmaybejustaget-togetheronaSaturdayatthelocalfarmersmarket...【译文】它或许仅仅是周六当地农贸市场里的一次小聚……【难点】句中的get-together此处被用作名词，意思是“聚会”。类似的如break-through,动词和名词均为“突破”之意。。【句子】Thisroutinewillestablishasenseofstructureandincreasefeelingsofcontrolandsafety.【译文】这种惯例会形成一种按部就班的感觉，并增加控制感和安全感。【难点】asenseof表示“一种感觉”。例如：asenseoftrust信任感；asenseofhumor幽默感。feelingof表示“……的感觉”。例如：Afeelingofshamecameoverher.她突然感到一阵羞愧。ReadingandWriting——Task5Lan41TranslatetheEnglishsentencesintoChinese.IusuallyhavenoproblemfillingthetwobagsIbringwithme.It’snotartinthestateIfindit.Throughcreativityandtrial-and-error,itbecomesart.TheprocessIgothroughfromtherawmaterialstoafinishedpieceisnotcomplexatall.Itypicallydothisforafewdaysoraweekbeforesomething“clicks”andIhaveanideaaboutwhatIwanttocreate.ReadingandWriting——Task6TranslatetheEnglishsentence42【句子】Itypicallydothisforafewdaysoraweekbeforesomething“clicks”andIhaveanideaaboutwhatIwanttocreate.【译文】这件事我通常会做上几天或一周的时间，直到突然茅塞顿开，我会弄明白我的创意所在。【难点】click指“使发出咔哒声”，也指“点击（鼠标）”，此处意为“突然明白或理解”。例如：Ipuzzledoveritforhoursbeforeitfinallyclicked.我对这一问题茫然不解，几小时后，终于茅塞顿开。【句子】Overall,Icouldn’tbehappier.【译文】总之，没有比这更令我高兴的了。这里是通过否定比较级来表示最高级的含义。【难点】最常见的例子如：Ican’tagreemore!我太同意了！ReadingandWriting——Task6LanguageNotes【句子】Itypicallydothisfora43【句子】Afterthat,itisonlyamatterofrealizingmyvision.【译文】然后，就只剩下去实现我的想法的事情了。【难点】amatterof后加名词，常表示关乎……，……的问题等。例如：Ofcoursethismusthavepriority.It’samatteroflifeanddeath.当然，这一点必须要优先考虑，这是生死攸关的问题。Successinbusinessissimplyamatterofknowingwhentotakeachance.商业成功的关键在于把握时机。ReadingandWriting——Task6LanguageNotes【句子】Afterthat,itisonlyam44TheHumanResourceManagerBruceasksyoutoprepareamemoforhimbriefingallstaffaboutthecominginvitedspeechtobedeliveredbyDr.JerryAnderson.ReadingandWriting——Task7Youhavebeengiventhefollowinginformation:Thetimeandthedate:14:00–16:00,April11Thevenue:FunctionRoomonLevel3Theinvitedspeaker:Dr.JerryAndersonThecontent:sortingtrashscientificallyTheparticipants:allstaffTheHumanResourceManagerBru45BusinessMemos（商务备忘录）

Unlikeletters,theexternalcommunicationsofacompany,businessmemosareaninternalformofcommunicationanditisstandardpracticetosavethem.Theirobjectiveistodeliverinformationorinstructions.Theirscopeshouldbelimitedtoasingletopicsothatthereaderwill“getthemessage”quicklyand,ifnecessary,takeanaction.Confinedto（局限于）asingletopic,eachinteroffice,interdepartmentalandcompanywidememobecomespartoftheinstitutionalmemoryofanorganization.Inshort,theyspeedupthedailybusinessofdoingbusiness;theykeeppeoplewhoneedtobekeptintheknow.Whenabusinessorganizationdesignsanofficialletterheaditoftenalsodesignsanofficialmemosheet,completewithacompanylogofeaturedatthetopofthepage.Besideshavingaprofessionallookandfeel,preprintedmemosheetsoftenprovidespecializedinformationfieldsthataccommodatespecificproceduresforexpediting（加速）in-housecommunications.WorkplaceTipWorkplace

TipBusinessMemos（商务备忘录）Workplace463EducationalFairness3EducationalFairness42举例为证Giveexamples给市长写信Writealettertothemayor做比较Makecomparisons31LearningObjectives谈论教育公平Talkabouteducationalfairness42举例为证Giveexamples给市长写信Write48GettingStartedTalkaboutthefollowingchartandgiveyourownopinionsontheissueofeducationequality.GettingStartedTalkaboutthe49ThreeoftheKeyUniversitiesintheUnitedStates（美国三所名校）HarvardUniversity（哈佛大学）HarvardUniversity,theoldestinstitutionofhighereducationintheUnitedStates,wasestablishedinl636andnamedafteritsfirstbenefactor,JohnHarvard.HarvardUniversityisknownaroundtheworldforitsoutstandingacademicachievements.Ithasproducedmorethan40Nobellaureates（诺贝尔奖得主）.SevenPresidentsoftheUnitedStatesgraduatedfromHarvard.YaleUniversity（耶鲁大学）YaleUniversitywasfoundedin1701asacollege;itisthethirdoldestinstitutionofhighereducationintheUnitedStates.In1716,itmovedtoitspermanentlocationinNewHaven.ItwasrenamedYaleCollegein1718becauseawealthyBritishmerchantwhosenameisElihuYaledonatedgenerouslytotheschool.In1887,YaleCollegebecameYaleUniversity

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（麻省理工学院）MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)isaninstitutewellknownforitsscientificandtechnologicaltrainingandresearch.Itwasfoundedin1861inBostonandmovedtoCambridgein1916.

CultureNoteThreeoftheKeyU50ListeningandSpeaking——Task3LiuHuiinterviewsDr.Smithabouttheissueofeducationalinequality.Listentothedialogandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whydoeseducationalinequalityexistinmodernsociety?Iseducationalinequalityindifferentcountriesinthesameform?Isthereanycountrywithouteducationalinequality?ListeningandSpeaking——Task351【句子】Thankyou,Dr.Smith,foragreeingtobeinterviewedbyourCampusNewsWeekly.【译文】感谢史密斯博士接受《校园周报》的采访。【难点】thanksb.forsth.为（某事）感谢（某人）。例如：Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。【句子】Educationalinequalityisthedisparitythatcertainstudentsexperienceintheireducationascomparedtootherstudents.【译文】教育的不平等指某些学生和其他学生相比，在教育方面所经历的不同待遇。【难点】that引导的定语从句修饰先行词disparity。inequality和disparity意思接近，都有“不平等，不同待遇”的含义。ListeningandSpeaking——Task3LanguageNotes【句子】Thankyou,Dr.Smith,for52【句子】…,researcherslinkeducationalinequalitytosocioeconomic,racialandgeographicreasons.【译文】……，研究者们把教育的不平等与社会经济的、种族的和地理的原因联系起来。【难点】link…to…把……与……联系起来。例如：Itlinksthehumanhearttothelifeoftheearth.它把人的心脏和地球生命联系起来。【句子】It’simpossibletoanswersuchabigquestioninafewwords.【译文】用几句话回答如此大的问题是不可能的。【难点】这句中含有一个“Itis+adj.+todosth.”句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是todosth.结构，所以译成汉语时，it通常不译，要把todosth.的内容翻译出来放在句首。例如：Itisdifficulttofinishthetaskwithintwohours.在两个小时内完成这项任务是很难的。ListeningandSpeaking——Task3LanguageNotes【句子】…,researcherslinkeducat53Listentothedialogagainandcompletethenotes.ListeningandSpeaking——Task4InterviewNotes1.Educationalinequalityisa

concern.Howcanwesolvetheproblem?2.First,