在职设计研究生英语模拟试题2(附答案)

...wd......wd......wd...2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考〔英语二〕模拟试题八SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)SomehistorianssaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(总统任期)inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa__1__project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman__2__asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower’sinterstatehighways__3__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__4__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless__5__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__6__libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__7__.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,__8__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.

TheInternethadits__9__ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which__10__AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto__11__information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__12__missionistopromotescience,tookover.

ThisnewNSFnetwork__13__moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,manyof__14__hadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat__15__theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork__16__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.__17__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,Internetwasanamethatfit.

SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructureonwhichweb__18__move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__19__researchnetwork.

Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__20__an"informationsuperhighway.〞1.A.conciseB.radicalC.massiveD.trivial

2.A.behaviorsB.endeavorsC.inventionsD.elements

3.A.packedB.stuckC.suppressedD.bound

4.A.facilitatedB.modifiedC.mobilizedD.terminated

5.ApetitiveBparativeC.exclusiveD.expensive

6.A.mergesB.connectsC.relaysD.unifies

7.A.figuresB.personalitiesC.individualsD.humans

8.A.andB.yetC.orD.while

9.A.samplesB.sourcesC.originsD.precedents

10.A.stoodbyB.stoodforC.stoodagainstD.stoodover

11.A.exchangeB.bypassC.switchD.interact

12.A.theirB.thatC.whenD.whose

13.A.expandedB.contractedC.attractedD.extended

14.A.whatB.whichC.theseD.them

15.A.joinedB.attachedC.participatedD.involved

16.A.moreoverB.howeverC.likewiseD.then

17.A.WithB.ByC.InD.As

18.A.contextsB.signsC.messagesD.leaflets

19.A.citizenB.civilianC.amateurD.resident

20.A.intoB.amidC.overD.towardSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,C,orD.markyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Openupmostfashionmagazinesandyouwillseeincrediblythinmodelswithimpossiblehairandwearingunreasonablyexpensive,impracticablystyledclothes.Butshouldn'tclothesbecomfortablydurableandmakeaprincipleofbeingsimplefortheindividualwhowearsthem?Whyareweconstantlytoldthatweneedtobuynewclothesandaddfreshpiecestoourcollection?Fashionschangeyearafteryearsolotsofpeoplecanmakepilesofmoney.Iffolksareconvincedthattheyneedadifferentlookeachseason,thatthisyear'ssweater'slengthandshoesstyleareimportant,theycanbepersuadedtobuy.Thefashionindustrywouldhaveyouignoreyourshortcomingsandjustmakeyoufeelbeautifulandhappy.Infact,itisnotonlyaphenomenonwecanfindinpeople'sdressing.Fashioncontrolsourlives.Fashioncontrolswhatwewear,whatweeat,whatwedrink,thewaywecutourhair,themakeupwebuyanduse,thecolorofthecarswedrive.Fashionevencontrolsourideas.Youdon'tbelieveme?Howmanyofyourfriendsarevegetarians?Whyaretheyvegetarians?Becauseitisfashionable!Wheredoesfashioncomefrom?Oftentheanswersarequitelogical.Scientistsandhistoriansstudythefashionsofthepastanddiscoverthesecretsofeachfashion.Whengirlsseeanattractiveguy,theirbloodpressurerisesandtheirlipsbecomeredder.That'swhyguysthinkthatgirlswearinglipstickarebeautiful.Whydoguysshavetheirheads?Inthepastsoldiersshavedtheirheadstokilltheinsectsthatlivedintheirhair.Nowguysshavetheirheadssothattheylookstrongandmasculine,likesoldiers.Peoplespendalotoftimeandmoneyonfashion.Butaretheywastingtheirmoney?Changesinfashionhelptodevelopnewtechnologies.Changesinstylecreateworkforpeopleallovertheworld.Manypeopleworkinthefashionindustry,particularlyinthefashioncapitalsofLondon,NewYork,ParisandMilan.Andfinally,fashionmakesyoufeelgood,doesn'tit?Whenyouaredressedinthelateststyle,dancingtothemostfashionablemusic,afterwatchingthelatesthitfilm,youfeelgreat,don'tyou?21.What'stheauthor'sviewpointaboutthemodelsandtheirhairstylesandclothes?

A.Unbiased.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Appreciative.

22.Itisindicatedbytheauthorthatclothesshouldbe____.A.comfortableanddurableB.newandfresh

C.expensiveandfashionableD.simpleandunique23.Thefashionindustrymakesprofitsby____.A.sellingtheproductsathighprices

B.creatinganeedinyou

C.helpingyougetridofyourshortcomings

D.makingyoulookmorebeautiful24.Theauthorthinkswhathasbeenfoundaboutfashionsbythescientistsandhistoriansis____.A.incredibleB.amazingC.reasonableD.creative25.ThepassagementionstheadvantagesoffashionEXCEPTthat____.A.itcanhelppromotetechnologicaldevelopment

B.itenablespeopletoremainup-to-date

C.itcancreatemorejobopportunitiesforpeople

D.itcanmakepeopleachieveagreatfeelingText2WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn'tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That'sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein'sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn'tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself."Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisanorspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,"Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen'tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts."MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,"saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,"butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard."EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing."Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!"GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute."Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution."PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis"miracleyear"of1905.These"thoughtexperiments"werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?"Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,"Greenesaid."Weputtheminthejunkfile."26.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.27.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein'ssuccess?A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.28.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.29.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying"...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard"(Lines1-2,Para.9)?A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.30.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitationsB.waslittleknowninacademiccirclesC.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculationsD.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapersText3Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.

ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,Coca-Cola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe'sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon'tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.

Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes."Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,"saysKaleelJamison,aNewYork-basedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues."Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you'llgetahead-thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion."Sheadds,"Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey'vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydowntheirvisibility."Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.

31.Accordingtothepassage,"thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid"(Line2,Para.1)probablyrefersto"_____".

A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone'sexperience

B.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefs

C.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheye

D.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithhnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization32.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto_____.

A.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouare

B.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyou

C.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiors

D.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors33.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey______.

A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotion

B.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefs

C.don'twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolor

D.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor34.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman'sbeliefsare__________.

A.biasedB.popularC.insightfulD.superficial35.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.

A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagement

B.TheImportanceofBeingVisible

C.JobPerformanceandAdvancement

D.SexandCareerSuccessText4AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtodazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone’sneedbutbythedateonone’sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent.Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat"elderly"and"needy"aresynonymous.Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren’t.Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Buoyedbylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon’tneedthem.Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan’ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.36.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat_______.A.offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpracticeB.seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlifeC.givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderlyD.seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount37.Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?A.businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.B.Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.C.Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.D.SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.38.Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill_____.A.MakeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsocietyB.intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheoldC.haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompaniesD.bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies’revenues39.HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?A.Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.B.Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.C.Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.D.Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.40.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?A.Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.B.Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.C.Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.D.Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromcolumnAthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenincolumnB.Therearetwoextrachoicesintheleftcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSERSHEET1.(10points)“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,〞sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromthecrampedconfinesofhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.〞That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocalvesandexpecttocloneacatsoon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissylaterthisyear—orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimvexedbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyplicityproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofcanine(犬的)eggs,theA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother(代母).Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,〞hesays.Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphoneatA&MCollegeofVeterinaryMedicinehasbeenringingbusily.CostisnoobstacleforcustomerslikeMissy’smysteriousowner,whowishestoremainunknowntoprotecthisprivacy.He’sploppeddown$3.7millionsofartofundtheresearchbecausehewantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedies.Butheknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy’sownersandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonediffersfromMissy.〞ThefateofthedogsampleswilldependonWesthusin’swork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogviablypregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.“Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,〞Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?〞A.Humancloningwillnotsucceedunlessthetechniqueismoreefficient.41.Mr.Westhusin’sattitudetowardcloningisthatB.Scientistsareoptimisticaboutcloningtechnique.42.TheMissyplicityprojectdoesnotseemverysuccessfulprobablybecauseC.Manypeopleareagainsttheideaofhumancloning.43.WhenMr.Westhusinsays“...cloningisdangerous,〞heimpliesthatD.Cloningdogsismorecomplicatedthancloningcatsandbulls.44.WecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthatE.ItisOKtocloneanimalsbutnothumanbeings.45.WemayconcludefromthewholetextthatF.Cloningofanimalpetsisbecomingaprosperousindustry.G.Experimentsmaywastelotsoflives.SectionIIITranslation(15points)46.Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslateitintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Oil-richNorwayremainsthebestcountryintheworldtolivein,whileZimbabwe,afflictedbyeconomiccrisisandAIDS,istheleastdesirable,accordingtoanannualU.N.ratingreleasedonThursday.Theassessmentcameinaso-calledhumandevelopmentindex,ameasureofwell-beingpublishedbytheU.N.DevelopmentProgramforthepast20yearsthatcombinesindividualeconomicprosperitywitheducationlevelsandlifeexpectancy.TheUNDPplacedNorway,AustraliaandNewZealandatthetopandNiger--lastyear'sback-marker--theDem