2020届高考查漏补缺之英语题型专练(13)语法填空(三)

1、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Taipei101,formerlyknown1.theTaipeiWorldFinancialCenter,isahighbuildinglocatedinTaipeiCityofChina'sTaiwan.Asitiscalled,ithasaheightof509.2metersand101floors.Upon2.(it)completion,Taipei101wastheworldstallestbuildinganditheld3.titleoftheworld 'stallestbuildinguntil2010.Taipei101hasbeendesignedtopreventthetyphoonwindsandearthquakes,4.areverycommoninAsiaandPacificareas.5.(keep)thetowerstrongenoughthroughtyphoonsandearthquakes,engineersinstalled(安装)a728-short-tontunedmassdamper(TMD)insidethetower.TheTMDis6.(actual)ahugegold-coloredballthatisinstalledbetweenthe87thand91stfloors.Itcanreducethetower 'smovementsbyupto40%.ThankstotheTMD,Taipei101candealwithwindsupto216km/handthemost7.(power)earthquakes.Todaytheclamperhasbecomeoneofthehottesttourist8.(attraction)inTaipei.TheNewYear'sEvefireworksdisplayatTaipei101isamongtheworld'smostfamousones,9.(watch)bythousandsofvisitorsonline.Atmidnight,colorfulfireworks10.(set)offfromTaipei101,welcomingthearrivalofthenewyear.2、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。ALongMarch-2Fcarrierrocket①(carry)theShenzhouXImannedspacecraftblastedoffinOctober2016.Inthepast19yearssince1999,11Shenzhouspacecrafts②(send)intospace,andthemissionshavedevelopedfromunmannedonestothemannedones,witheachonemakingnewandsignificantprogress.NowChinaisthethirdcountryafterRussiaandtheUnitedStates③hasindependentlydevelopedadvancedspacetechnologyandconductedmannedspaceflight.④(compare)withRussiaandtheUnitedStates,Chinawasunderdevelopedatthebeginning.⑤,thecountryhasnevergivenuponitsdeterminationtocatchupwiththeworld 'sleadersinscienceandtechnology.ThatexplainswhyChinahasachievedsuchalotinthedevelopmentofitsspacetechnologyinthepasttwodecadesandnow⑥(struggle)tomakenew⑦(breakthrough).Astheworld'sseconargesteconomy,Chinawantstomakeitscontribution⑧thedevelopmentofhumancivilization.Conductingspace⑨(explore)notonlyhasthepotentialtoexpandhumanknowledgeoftheuniversebutalsoextendsthecooperationofmajorpowersinthe⑩(peace)useofspace.3、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Americanshavecontributedtomanyartforms,butjazz,atypeofmusic,isonethatdidn'tstartintheUnitedStates.Blacks,①sangandplayedthemusicoftheirhomeland,createdjazz.Jazzisa②(combine)ofthemusicofAfrica,theworksongstheslavessang,and③(religion)music.Improvisation(即席创作) is④importantpartofjazz.Thismeansthatthemusiciansmakethemusicupastheygoalong,orcreatethemusic⑤thespot.Thisiswhyajazzsongmightsoundalittledifferenteachtimeit⑥(play).Jazzbandswereformedinthelate1800s.TheyplayedinbarsandclubsinmanytownsandcitiesoftheSouth,especiallyNewOrleans.NewOrleansisaninternationalseaport,andpeoplefromallovertheworldcametoNewOrleans⑦(appreciate)jazz.Jazz⑧(become)moreandmorepopular.Bythe1920s,jazzwaspopularallovertheUnitedStates.Bythe1940s,youcouldhearjazznotonlyinclubsandbars,⑨inconcerthalls.Today,peoplefromallovertheworldplayjazz.JazzmusiciansfromtheUnitedStates,Asia,Africa,SouthAmerica,andEuropemeetandsharetheirmusicat⑩(festival)oneverycontinent.Inthiswayjazzcontinuestogrowandchange.4、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不得超过三个)。答案写在答题卡上。IfyouspeaktoalocalaboutyourstayinChengdu,they 'llprobablyasotpoyou'vetriedEveryone①(live)hereseemstoloveit,andtryingitshouldbea②(fix)partofeveryone'sculinarytourofSichuan.Hotpotrestaurantscan③(find)onprettymucheverystreetinChengdu,butthequalityandtastecanvaryhugely.Whenyoudogoforhotpot,youwilloftenbeaskedtomakea④(choose)ofbrothinwhichyoucookyourrawingredients(食材).Ifyou're⑤(adventure)andupforachallenge,thetraditionaloilyspicybrothmightbejustthethingyou'reafter.But⑥youhaven'tyetfullyadaptedtothelocalpalette,you'dbetterchooseanon-spicybroth,or⑦(go)foralessspicyoption.Bear⑧mindthatsomebrothsliketomato,mushroomornorthernstylewillnotbeonofferateveryrestaurant.Halfspicyandhalfclearbrothis⑨(ready)availableatmostrestaurants;thesepotseithercomedivideddownthemiddleLikeagiantyinandyang,orwith⑩separatesmallerpotofclearbrothinthemiddle.Ifyoucan'tbeartoomuchchiliesandoil,butwanttohaveatry,askforyuanyangguo.5、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnMay18,itwasannouncedthatChinahadachievedsuccessindrillingforfireice,a①(froze)mixofwaterandnaturalgas,fromtheSouthChinaSea.②(official)knownasmethanehydrate(甲烷水合物),fireiceproducesahighamountofenergywhen③(burn)anditschemicalreactionproducesnothingbutcarbondioxideandwater.Fireice,bothcleanandenergy-intensive,④(consider)thefuelofthefuture.Manycountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandJapan,havelongbeenconductingresearchonfireice,butextracting(提取)itfromthebottomoftheseahasbeenacommonproblem⑤(trouble)allofthem.However,theChineseteamsucceededindrillingforfireiceinnearly8successivedays,⑥isabigbreakthrough.However,itistooearly⑦(say)anewenergysourcehasbeenfound.Theworld'stotalfireicereserveisabout21,000itroncubicmeters,which,ifextracted,couldmeettheworld'senergyneed⑧1,000years.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingoffireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor⑨(industry)use.Chinahastosolvemanyproblemsbeforeitcanusefireiceasasourceofenergy.It'sthoughtthatonlyby2025at⑩earliestmightpeoplebeabletoseerealisticcommercialoptions.6、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Paper-cuttingisa(n)①(tradition)Chinesefolkartwithalonghistory.Paper-cuts②(use)duringfestivalstodecorategatesandwindows.Themaincuttingtoolsaresimple:paperandscissorsoraknife.Clevercraftsmenareverygoodat③(cut)inthethemeofdailylife.Whenyoulookatworkscreatedbypapercutting④(careful),youwillbeamazedbythetrue-to-life⑤(express)ofthefigure'sappearanceandthoughts.Althoughotherartforms,likepainting,canshowsimilarscenes,paper-cuttingstillstandsoutforitsbeautifullinesandpatterns⑥areallhand-made.Learningaboutcuttingapieceofpaper⑦(be)easybutmastering(精通)⑧isverydifficult.Onemustholdtheknifeupright(竖直地)andpressonthepaperwithoutmuchstrength.Anycarelessnesswilllead⑨damagetothewholeimage.Craftsmentry⑩(create)acirclelikethemoon,astraightlinelikeastem(莲)ofwheat,andasquarelikeabrick.Theyhavetobecarefulandkeeppractisingtomakethescenesseemasaliveaspossible.7、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Adversity(逆境)canbeatyoudown,butprobablyitalsohastheabilitytomakeyoustronger.Theimpactandultimateresultdependon ①youdowiththedifficultiesthatcomeinyourway.Beethovencomposedoneofhis②(great)worksaftergoingdeaf.SirWalterRaleighwroteTheHistoryoftheWorldduringhisthirteen-yearimprisonment.HadColumbusturnedback,noonecould③(blame)him.Ofcourse,noonewouldhaveremembered④,either.AbrahamLincolnmadegreatachievementsbyhisdisplayofwisdomduringtheAmericanCivilWar.Eventually,consideramorerecentexample.Forsixteenyears,Dr.MaryGroda-Lewishadadifficulttime⑤(study)thewrittenwordsonaccountofalearningdisorder.She⑥(put)inprisonontwodifferentoccasionsandalmostdiedofastrokewhenbearingachild.⑦(commit)togoingtocollege,shedidavarietyofoddjobstosavemoney.Whengraduatingfromhighschoolateighteen,shewasconsideredasanoutstandingstudentandfinallyenteredcollege⑧(success).Determinedtobecomeadoctor,shereceivedmany⑨(rejection)ofthemedicalschoolsbeforeAlbanyMedicalCollegefinallyacceptedher.In1984,Dr.MaryGroda-Lewis,⑩wasthirty-fiveyearsoldthen,graduatedwithhonorsandrealizedherdream.8、阅读下面短文，在空内处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HomeofthecopperdrumHechi'scopperdrumculturegoesbackasfarastheHanDynasty(206BC一AD220), ①thepeoplelivingintheareaconsideredcopperdrumssacredandHechiisstilloneofChina's ②(large)copperdrumsites.A2003surveybyculturalheritagedepartments③(find) morethan1,400copperdrumsinthearea,withatleast1,300copperdrums ④(use)bylocalfolkartists.Inthisway,ethnicgroupsinHechihaveproduceda⑤(unique)richanddiverseculturalformandcustomsforfestivals,weddings,celebrations,funerals,andreligious⑥(activity)oflocalpeople,withballadsandforrice-paintingandfrogs.Thatsameyear,acopperdrumconservationprojectalongwiththelongshuiKiverbasinjoinedtheCultureMinistry'sTop10conservationprojectlistforethnicandfolkcultures.In2006,theZhuangPeopledCopperDrumPractices⑦(add)tothenationalculturalheritagelistbytheStateCouncil.In2008,theCultureMinistrydeclaredDonglanCountyand⑧cityofHechithe"HomeofChineseCopperDrumArt"andin2009,its"CopperDrumPractices"becameacandidate⑨theHumanCulturalHeritage.Therearenowmorethan2,400copperdrumsintheworld,atleast1,400oftheminHechi,⑩(make)itaCopperDrumCulturalandEcologicalResentwithrecognitionacrossGuangxi.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.as2.its3.the4.which5.Tokeep6.actually7.powerful8.attractions9.watched10.areset解析：1.考查介词。beknownas"以 而著称",为固定用法，故此处应 填as。.考查代词。空处修饰名词 completion,故用形容词性物主代词。.考查冠词。title后有oftheworld'stallestbuilding修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词。.考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为 thetyphoonwindsandearthquakes,故用which。.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。.考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，应用副词。.考查词形转换。空处修饰名词 earthquakes应用形容词。.考查名词复数。此处为"oneof+名词复数"结构，故填attractionso.考查非谓语动词。fireworksdisplay与watch之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 因此用过去分词作状语。.考查动词的时态和语态。主语 colorfulfireworks与setoff之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；此处描述一般性的动作，故用一般现在时。2答案及解析：答案：carrying;havebeensent;that;Compared;However;isstruggling;breakthroughs;to;exploration;peaceful解析：本文简要介绍了中国航天事业的发展和中国的航天事业对世界做出的贡献。.carrying考查非谓语动词。句意:2016年10月一艘载着神舟十一号载人航天飞船的长征二号运载火箭发射升空。句子的谓语动词是 blastedoff,设空处是非谓语动同作定语，被修饰词与Can之间是主动关系，所以要用v.-ing形式。.havebeensent考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致。自1999年以来的19年里，共有11艘神舟航天器被发射到了太空。设空处是第一个分句的谓语动词，与其主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语可知时态为现在完成时，且主语是复数形式，所以答案为havebeensent。.that考查定语从句.设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词country,关系词在从句中充当主语，且先行词前有序数词thethird修饰，所以用关系代词that..Compared考查非谓语动词。此处表示“与俄罗斯和美国相比”。 根据固定搭配becomparedwith（与相比）可知此处应该用comparedwith作状语：置于句首，首字母要大写。.However考查副词。句意：与俄罗斯和美国相比，中国起初是很不发达的。但是中国从来没有放弃自己在科技方面追赶世界领先者的决心 .设空处前后是转折关系，且设空处后有逗号隔开，所以要用however。置于句首，首字母要大写。.isstruggling 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处表达 ：现在正在努力取得新的突破结合语境和时间状语now可知时态为现在进行时；设空处的主语是China,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。所以答案为isstruggling..breakthroughs考查名词单复数。breakthrough是可数名词，意为“突破，重大进展"根据语境可知应用其复数形式。.to考查介词。makeacontributionto对做出贡献。.exploration 考查名词设空处是句子的主语 ，故要用所给词的名词形式；句子的谓语动词是has,故填exploration。.peaceful考查同性转换.形容词修饰后面的名词 use。3答案及解析：答案：who;combination；religious;an；on；isplayed;toappreciate;became;but;festivals解析：1.【解题思备】考查定语从句。1sangandplayedthemusicoftheirhomeland是定语从句，修知先行同 Blacks,指人，且从句中缺 少主语，故填who。.【解题思路】考查词形转换。空前面是不定冠词，所以 此处要用combine的名词形式。.【解题思路】考查词形转换。 religiousmusic.意为"宗教音乐"，故空处应用形容词形式。.【解题思路】考查冠词。part意为"部分"，前面有形容词修饰 时，此处表示泛指，形容词前面要用不定冠词，且important的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。.解解题思路】考查介词。 onthespot是固定短语，意为"当场，当下"。.【解题思路】考查时态和语态。play与it是被动关系，要用被动语态，且由前面的"Thisiswhy"可知，此处要用一般现在时，填isplayed。.【解题思路】考查非谓语动词 ：此处用不定式作目的状语。.【解函思路】考查时态。根据下文中的"waspopular"判断， 此处要用一般过去时。.【解题思路】考查连词。此句用了 "notonly…but..."句式,意为"不仅 而且 "。.【解题思路】考查名词复数。 festival在此处表示"节日"，要用复数形式。 atfestivals"在节日期间"。4答案及解析：答案：1.living2.fixed3.befound4.choice5.adventurous6.if/when7.g08.in9.readily10.a解析：1.【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此句 已有谓语动词seems,故此处应用非谓语动词。又因动词 live与其逻辑主语Everyone之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用动词-ing形式作定语。.【解题思路】考查非谓语动词 3尝试它应该是每个人四川 美食之旅的固定部分。根据语境可知，part与fix之间是逻辑上的动 宾关系，故应用动词-ed形式作定语。.【解题思路】考查语态。分析句子结构可知，句子的主 语为Hotpotrestaurants,是谓语动词巾nd动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；根据空前的情态动词can可知，此处用befound。.【解题思路】考查词形转换。分析句子结构且根据空前的 a可知，此处应用名词作动词make的宾语，动词choose的名词形式为choice。.【解题思路】考查词形转换：分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语， 名同adventure的形容词形式为adventurous。.解解题思路】考查连词。但是如果你还没有完全适应当地的口 味，你最好选择不辣的汤锅:〉根据语境可知，此处用 if引导条件状语从句。.【解题思路】考查固定用法。hadbetter后用动词原形；分析句子结构可知，"chooseanon-spicybroth"和"foralessspicyoption"4or连接的并列结构,故填go。.【解题思路】考查介词。 bear...inmind为固定用法，意为"记住…"。9」解题思路】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知， 此处用副词作状语修饰形容词 available,ready的副词形式为readily。10.【解题思路】考查冠词。此处应用不定冠词表泛指，表示火锅 中间有一个较小的与辣锅分开的清汤锅；且空后的separate的发音以辅音音素开头，故填 a。5答案及解析：答案：1.frozen2.Officially3.burned/burnt4.isconsidered5.troubling6.which7.tosay8.for9.industrial10.the解析：本文主要介绍了中国在钻探海底可燃冰方面取得了重大突破。frozen【解析】考查词性转换。句意为：5月18日，中国宣布在钻取可燃冰方面已取得成功 ，可燃冰是中国南海中的一种水和天然气的冷冻混合物。根据空前的 a和空后的mix可知，此处应用froze的形容词形式frozen,意为冷冻的“故填frozen。Officially【解析】考查词性转换。句意为：被官方称为甲烷水合物的可燃冰在燃烧时产生大量的能量，其化学反应只生成二氧化碳和水 known为非谓语动词，应用副词修饰，故填Officially。burned/burnt【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析，分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的状语从句的省略形式 ，补全为whenfireicewasburned/burn,在when引导的从句中，若从句主语与主句主语相同，且从句谓语中含有 be动词时，可省略从句主语与 be动词。故填burned/burnt。isconsidered【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意为 ：清洁能源密集的可燃冰被认为是未来的燃料。分析句子结构可知 ，本句主语为Fireice,与consider之间为被动关系，再根据全文时态可知应用一般现在时，故填isconsideredotroubling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：包括美国和日本在内的很多国家都在长期进行可燃冰研究，但从海底提取可燃冰一直是一个困扰所有国家的普遍问题。分析句子结构可知，allofthem应为定语修饰problem,两者之间为逻辑上的主动关系 ，故填troublingowhich【解析】考查定语从句。句意为 ：然而，中国团队差不多用连续 8天（的时间）成功钻取出可燃冰，这是一大突破。分析句子结构可知，isabigbreakthrough为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词为前面的半句话。故填 which。tosay【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：然而，说找到了一种新能源还为时过早。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语 ，故填tosay。for【解析】考查介词。句意为 ：全世界的可燃冰总储备量为大约 21,000万亿立方米，如果被开采，能满足全世界1,000年的能源需求。根据句意可知，此处应用“for+段时间”表示达,计（表示动作或情况持续的时间）”故填for。industrial【解析】考查词性转换。句意为：成功试钻取可燃冰并不意味着它可以被提取来用于工业。分析句子结构可知 ，空后的use为名词，作for的宾语，所以应用形容词修饰名词，故填industrialothe【解析】考查冠词。句意为 ：人们认为最早到2025年人们才有可能看到可燃冰真正用于商业。the修饰形容高级，attheearliest意为最早”故填the。6答案及解析：答案:1.traditional.areused3.cutting4.carefully5.expression6.which/that7.is8.it9.to10.tocreate解析：traditional考查词类转换。修饰名词 Chinesefolkart（中国的民间艺术）用形容词。areused考查语态。paper-cuts与use之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。在节日期间剪纸被用来装饰屋子。cutting考查非谓语动词。begoodat意为擅长做某事”，a妁介词，后面接动名词形式。carefully考查副词。这里carefully修饰动词lookat。expression考查词类转换，意为人物的外貌与思想的表达”。所以用名词形式。which/that考查定语从句。 areallhand-made是定语从句，引导词在句中作主语，指代lines和patterns,可知用which/that。is考查时态。动名词作主语，谓语用单数形式，同时是一般现在时，所以用is。it考查代词。本空用it代指cuttingapieceofpaper。to考查短语搭配。leadto意为导致”是固定短语搭配。tocreate考查非谓语动词。trytodosth.意为 尽力做某事”。7答案及解析：答案：1.what2.greatest3.haveblam