国际经济学罗伯特凯伯答案

国际经济学罗伯特凯伯第13版答案CHAPTER1THEINTERNATIONALECONOMYANDGLOBALIZATION国际经济学罗伯特凯伯第13版答案MULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS 1. Aprimaryreasonwhynationsconductinternationaltradeisbecause:a. Somenationsprefertoproduceonethingwhileothersproduceotherthingsb. Resourcesarenotequallydistributedamongalltradingnationsc. Tradeenhancesopportunitiestoaccumulateprofitsd. Interestratesarenotidenticalinalltradingnations 2. Amainadvantageofspecializationresultsfrom:a. Economiesoflarge-scaleproductionb. Thespecializingcountrybehavingasamonopolyc. Smallerproductionrunsresultinginlowerunitcostsd. Highwagespaidtoforeignworkers 3. Internationaltradeingoodsandservicesissometimesusedasasubstituteforallofthefollowingexcept:a. Internationalmovementsofcapitalb. Internationalmovementsoflaborc. Domesticproductionofthesamegoodsandservicesd. Domesticproductionofdifferentgoodsandservices 4. Ifanationhasanopeneconomy,itmeansthatthenation:a. Allowsprivateownershipofcapitalb. Hasflexibleexchangeratesc. Hasfixedexchangeratesd. Conductstradewithothercountries 5. Internationaltradeforcesdomesticfirmstobecomemorecompetitiveintermsof:a. Theintroductionofnewproductsb. Productdesignandqualityc. Productpriced. Alloftheabove 6. Themovementtofreeinternationaltradeismostlikelytogenerateshort-termunemploymentinwhichindustries?a. Industriesinwhichthereareneitherimportsnorexportsb. Import-competingindustriesc. Industriesthatselltodomesticandforeignbuyersd. Industriesthatselltoonlyforeignbuyers 7. Internationaltradeisbasedontheideathat:a. Exportsshouldexceedimportsb. Importsshouldexceedexportsc. Resourcesaremoremobileinternationallythanaregoodsd. Resourcesarelessmobileinternationallythanaregoods 8. Argumentsforfreetradearesometimesdisregardedbypoliticiansbecause:a. Maximizingdomesticefficiencyisnotconsideredimportantb. Maximizingconsumerwelfaremaynotbeachiefpriorityc. Thereexistsoundeconomicreasonsforkeepingone’seconomyisolatedfromothereconomiesd. Economiststendtofavorhighlyprotecteddomesticmarkets 9. Howmuchphysicaloutputaworkerproducersinanhour’sworkdependson:a. Theworker’smotivationandskillb. Thetechnology,plant,andequipmentinusec. Howeasytheproductistomanufactured. Alloftheabove 10. ThelargestamountoftradewiththeUnitedStatesinrecentyearshasbeenconductedby:a. Canadab. Germanyc. Chiled. UnitedKingdom 11. Increasedforeigncompetitiontendsto:a. Intensifyinflationarypressuresathomeb. Inducefallingoutputperworker-hourfordomesticworkersc. Placeconstraintsonthewagesofdomesticworkersd. Increaseprofitsofdomesticimport-competingindustries 12. ________istheabilityofafirm/industry,underfreeandfairmarketconditions,todesign,produce,andmarketgoodsandservicesthatarebetterand/orcheaperthanthoseofotherfirms/industries.a. Competitivenessb. Protectionismc. Comparativeadvantaged. Absoluteadvantage 13. Afirm’s________,relativetothatofotherfirms,isgenerallyregardedasthemostimportantdeterminantofcompetitiveness.a. Incomelevelb. Tastesandpreferencesc. Governmentalregulationd. Productivity 14. Freetradersmaintainthatanopeneconomyisadvantageousinthatitprovidesallofthefollowingexcept:a. Increasedcompetitionforworldproducersb. Awiderselectionofproductsforconsumersc. Theutilizationofthemostefficientproductionmethodsd. Relativelyhighwagelevelsforalldomesticworkers 15. RecentpressuresforprotectionismintheUnitedStateshavebeenmotivatedbyallofthefollowingexcept:a. U.S.firmsshippingcomponentproductionoverseasb. HighprofitlevelsforAmericancorporationsc. SluggishratesofproductivitygrowthintheUnitedStatesd. HighunemploymentratesamongAmericanworkers 16. Internationaltradetendstocausewelfarelossestoatleastsomegroupsinacountry:a. Thelessmobilethecountry’sresourcesb. Themoremobilethecountry’sresourcesc. Thelowerthecountry’sinitiallivingstandardd. Thehigherthecountry’sinitiallivingstandard 17. Foranationtomaximizeitsproductivityinaglobaleconomy:a. Onlyimportsarenecessaryb. Onlyexportsarenecessaryc. Bothimportsandexportsarenecessaryd. Neitherimportsnorexportsarenecessary 18. Afeasibleeffectofinternationaltradeisthat:a. Amonopolyinthehomemarketbecomesanoligopolyintheworldmarketb. Anoligopolyinthehomemarketbecomesamonopolyintheworldmarketc. Apurelycompetitivefirmbecomesanoligopolistd. Apurelycompetitivefirmbecomesamonopolist 19. Internationaltradeingoodsandservicestendsto:a. Increasealldomesticcostsandpricesb. Keepalldomesticcostsandpricesatthesamelevelc. Lessentheamountofcompetitionfacinghomemanufacturersd. Increasetheamountofcompetitionfacinghomemanufacturers 20. Therealincomeofdomesticproducersandconsumerscanbeincreasedby:a. Technologicalprogress,butnotinternationaltradeb. Internationaltrade,butnottechnologicalprogressc. Technologicalprogressandinternationaltraded. Neithertechnologicalprogressnorinternationaltrade 21. IntheUnitedStates,automobilesare:a. Imported,butnotexportedb. Exported,butnotimportedc. Importedandexportedd. Neitherexportednorimported 22. Technologicalimprovementsaresimilartointernationaltradesincetheyboth:a. Providebenefitsforallproducersandconsumersb. Increasethenation’saggregateincomec. Reduceunemploymentforalldomesticworkersd. Ensurethatindustriescanoperateatlessthanfullcapacity 23. Asuddenshiftfromimporttariffstofreetrademayinduceshort-termunemploymentin:a. Import-competingindustriesb. Industriesthatareonlyexportersc. Industriesthatselldomesticallyaswellasexportd. Industriesthatneitherimportnorexport 24. Recentempiricalstudiesindicatethatproductivityperformanceinindustriesis:a. Directlyrelatedtoglobalizationofindustriesb. Inverselyrelatedtoglobalizationofindustriesc. Notrelatedtoglobalizationofindustriesd. Anyoftheabove 25. Empiricalresearchindicatesthat________bestenhancesproductivitygainsforfirmsandindustries.a. Localcompetitionb. Regionalcompetitionc. Globalcompetitiond. Nocompetition 26. Increasedglobalizationisfosteredby:a. Increasedtariffsandquotasb. Restrictionsonthemigrationoflaborc. Reducedtransportationcostsd. Restrictionsoninvestmentflows 27. AreducedshareoftheworldexportmarketfortheUnitedStateswouldbeattributedto:a. DecreasedproductivityinU.S.manufacturingb. HighincomesofAmericanhouseholdsc. RelativelylowinterestratesintheUnitedStatesd. HighlevelsofinvestmentbyAmericancorporations 28. ThedominanttradingnationintheworldmarketfollowingWorldWarIIwas:a. UnitedKingdomb. Germanyc. SouthKoread. UnitedStates 29. Aclosedeconomyisoneinwhich:a. Importsexactlyequalexports,sothattradeisbalancedb. Domesticfirmsinvestinindustriesoverseasc. Thehomeeconomyisisolatedfromforeigntraded. Savingexactlyequalsinvestmentatfullemployment 30. Relativetocountrieswithlowratiosofexportstogrossdomesticproduct,countrieshavinghighexporttogrossdomesticproductratiosare________vulnerabletochangesintheworldmarket.a. Lessb. Morec. Equallyd. Anyoftheabove 31. Whichofthefollowingisafallacyofinternationaltrade?a. Tradeisazero-sumactivityb. Exportsincreaseemploymentinexportingindustriesc. Importrestrictionsincreaseemploymentinimport-competingindustriesd. Tariffsandquotasreducetradevolume 32. ForeignownershipofU.S.financialassets:a. Hasdecreasedsincethe1960sb. Hasincreasedsincethe1960sc. HasmadetheU.S.anetborrowersincethelate1980sd. Bothaandc 33. Thefirstwaveofglobalizationwasbroughttoanendbythe:a. GreatDepressionb. SecondWorldWarc. FirstWorldWard. Smoot-HawleyAct 34. Multilateraltradenegotiationshaveledto:a. Continuedtradeliberalizationb. Financialliberalizationc. Increasedinvestmentd. AlloftheaboveTRUE-FALSEQUESTIONST F 1. ImportanttradingpartnersoftheUnitedStatesincludeCanada,Mexico,Japan,andChina.T F 2. TheUnitedStatesexportsalargerpercentageofitsgrossdomesticproductthanJapan,Germany,andCanada.T F 3. Openingtheeconomytointernationaltradetendstolesseninflationarypressuresathome.T F 4. Thebenefitsofinternationaltradeaccrueintheformsoflowerdomesticprices,developmentofmoreefficientmethodsandnewproducts,andagreaterrangeofconsumptionchoices.T F 5. Inanopentradingsystem,acountrywillimportthosecommoditiesthatitproducesatrelativelylowcostwhileexportingcommoditiesthatcanbeproducedatrelativelyhighcost.T F 6. Althoughfreetradeprovidesbenefitsforconsumers,itisoftenarguedthatimportprotectionshouldbeprovidedtodomesticproducersofstrategicgoodsandmaterialsvitaltothenation’ssecurity.T F 7. Inthelongrun,competitivenessdependsonanindustry’snaturalresources,itsstockofmachineryandequipment,andtheskillofitsworkersincreatinggoodsthatpeoplewanttobuy.T F 8. Ifanationhasanopeneconomy,itmeansthatthenationallowsprivateownershipofcapital.T F 9. companies.T F 10. RestrictivetradepolicieshaveresultedinU.S.producersofmineralsandmetalssupplyingalloftheU.S.consumers’needs.ANSWERSAnswerstoMultiple-ChoiceQuestions 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. d 5. d 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. d 10. a 11. c 12. a 13. d 14. d 15. b 16. a 17. c 18. a 19. d 20. c 21. c 22. b 23. a 24. a 25. c 26. c 27. a 28. d 29. c 30. b 31. a 32. d 33. c 34. dAnswerstoTrue-FalseQuestions 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. FSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS 1. Whatisthemostimportantfactorthatcontributestocompetitiveness?Answer:Keytotheconceptofcompetitivenessisproductivity,oroutputperworker-hour. 2. Whatarethechallengesoftheinternationaltradingsystem?Answer:Amongthechallengesthattheinternationaltradingsystemfacesaredealingwithfairlaborstandardsandconcernsabo