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ParagraphTranslation2014-06-09ParagraphTranslation2014-06-0
新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译(汉译英)
测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。分值比例:15%考试时间:30分钟。内容:中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展长度:140-160个汉字;
新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译(汉译英)
测试学生把汉14分档(13-15分):11分档(10-12分):8分档(7-9分):5分档(4-6分):2分档(1-3分):0分:译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切,行文流畅,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字基本通顺、连贯,无重大语言错误。译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确,语言错误相当多,其中有些是严重语言错误。译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确,有相当多的严重语言错误。译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子,绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。未作答,或只有几个孤立的词,或译文与原文毫不相关。14分档(13-15分):译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切原文(CET4:2014-1)许多人喜欢中餐。/在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。/精心准备的中餐即可口又好看。/烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。/但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,/总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。/由于食物对健康至关重要,/好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,/所以中餐既味美又健康。原文(CET4:2014-1)许多人喜欢中餐。/在中国,14分档
ManypeopleenjoyChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyviewedasaskillbutalsoregardedasaformofart.Acarefully-preparedChinesedinnercanbebothtastyandgood-looking.WhilecookingskillsandtheingredientsdifferlargelyfromplacetoplaceinChina,finecookingalwayshassomethingincommon,thatistheconsiderationofcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.Sincefoodisvitaltothehealth,afinecookisalwaystryingtoachieveabalanceamongcereals,meatandvegetables.Therefore,theChinesefoodisbothdeliciousandhealthy.Next14分档
ManypeopleenjoyCh11分档
ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,cookingisregardednotonlyasakindofskillbutalsoasakindofart.Chinesefood,whichispreparedcarefully,isbothdeliciousandgood-looking.CookingskillsandingredientsdiffergreatlyfromplacetoplaceinChina.However,goodcookingsharesonethingincommon:color,taste,feelandnutritionarealwaysunderconsideration.Sincefoodisofvitalimportancetohealth,goodcooksarealwaystryingtobebalancedwithgrain,meatandvegetables.Asaresult,Chinesefoodisdeliciousandhealthy.Next
11分档
ManypeoplelikeChi8分档
ManypeopleloveChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyregardedakindofskill,butalsoart.Well-preparedChinesedishestastegoodbesideslookgood.ThereisbigdifferentincookingskillsandingredientsbetweendifferentpartsofChina.Butonethingwhichiscommoningooddishesisthattheyallconsideraboutthecolor,thetastingandthenutrition.Asfoodissoimportanttohealth,goodcookersalwaystrytomakeabalancebetweencorn,meatandvegetables.Asaresult,Chinesedishesaredeliciousandhealthy.Next
8分档
ManypeopleloveChines5分档
ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.Cookingisnotonlyaskillbutalsoitisakindofart.ItisdeliciousandbeautifulthatChinesemealsarecarefulprepared.ItisdifferentlyincookingandmaterialbesideinChinese.But,goodmealshaveacommonpointwhichcolorteastandnutritionarethoughabout.Thenagoodcookerisalwaystryingtheirbesttoblanceitfrommeatvegetablesandsoon.Therefore,Chinesefoodisdeliciousandheathy.
Next
5分档
ManypeoplelikeChi2分档
ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,notonlyatechnolegemakefood,andalsoanartist.Goodfoodiseatedfineandseem’sfine.HowmakefoodandmakethefoodneedwhatisdefferentindefferentplaceinChina.Butmakegoodfoodjustonlythinkthefood’scolourtaste,feelmakepeopleandnutrition.Foodisimportandforhealth,sogoodpeoplethatmakefoodisusemorepowerforbetteronmeatandvagitable,soChinesefoodistastegoodandmorehealth.Next
2分档
ManypeoplelikeChi原文:
许多人喜欢中餐。在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐即可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要,好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,所以中餐既味美又健康。译文:
ManypeopleenjoyChinesefood.
CookingislookeduponasanartaswellasaskillinChina.
AcarefullypreparedChinesedishisnotonlydelicioustoeatbutalsobeautifultolookat.
Cookingtechniquesandingredientsvarywidelyacrossthecountry.
Butgoodcookingdoeshavesomethingincommon.Italwaystakesintoaccountcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.
Asfoodisvitaltohealth,goodcooksalwaysstrivetostrikeabalanceamonggrains,meatsandvegetables,soChinesedishesarebothdeliciousandhealthy.Next原文:译文:Next
汉译英解题方法
1.阅读原文,理解原文,获得总体印象。2.处理原文句子,正确断句,合句,找准主语。理解文
中的语言现象和逻辑关系,注意汉英两种语言的不同表达习惯,综合翻译技巧进行翻译。3.修改,对译文修正、加工、润饰。
1)对照原文,一句一句修改,看原文内容、思想是否准确表达出来;有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方;译文语言是否通顺。2)脱离原文,反复阅读后进行修改,看上下文有无不连接的地方,前后有无矛盾、重复的地方、有无逻辑不通的地方。Next
汉译英解题方法
1.阅读原文,理解原文,获得总体印象汉语VS英语不同表达习惯英语看逻辑,汉语看意思;英语重结构,汉语重语义;英语多长句,汉语多短句;英语多从句,汉语多分句;英语多被动,汉语多主动;英语多抽象,汉语多具体;英语多引申,汉语多推理;主语、宾语等名词成分中,英语多代词,汉语多名词。Back汉语VS英语不同表达习惯英语看逻辑,汉语看意思;常用翻译技巧
直译和意译相结合;词类和语态的转换;无主句与有主句的转换;短句与长句的转换;句子成分顺序的调换;注意上下文的连接;Next常用翻译技巧
直译和意译相结合;Next直译和意译相结合直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式,基本保留原有句子结构,不是死译。意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式,更多考虑英语的特点。Ourfriendsareallovertheworld.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.(直译)(意译)直译与意译相互关联,互为补充,两种译法可以并用。e.g.我们的朋友遍天下。Back直译和意译相结合直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式,基本保词类和语态的转换
1.在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换:例如:汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词,汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词等等。如果运用得当,既可使译文通顺流畅,也能反映出英语的风格特点。1)他的演讲给我们的印象很深。
2)你说他傻不傻?
Hisspeechimpressedusdeeply.(名词变动词)Don’tyouthinkheisanidiot?(形容词变名词)NextItnotonlygeneratessuchanewformofeducationas“virtualuniversities”butturns“lifelonglearning”intoaworkableproject.它不仅生成了“网络大学”这样的新的教育形式,而且也使“终身教育”具有可操作性。形容词变名词
aworkableproject词类和语态的转换1.在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换:12.在汉英翻译中可进行语态的转换:
中文中常常使用主动语态,英语中常常使用被动语态,所以有的时候转换一下语态会使译文更加地道流畅。原文:有些老人因害怕死亡而烦恼。(B3U4Para.6)译文:Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.原文:老师教导我,要学到东西就得扔掉课本和笔记本这些不过是记忆工具的东西,要依赖我们与生俱来的本领进行批判性思考。译文:Iwastaughtthattolearnanything,onehadtothrowawaytextbooksandnotebooks—merememorytools—andinsteadrelyonone’snativeabilitytothinkcritically.Back2.在汉英翻译中可进行语态的转换:原文:有些老人因害怕死亡无主句与有主句的转换汉语的主语经常省略,但在英语中,主语必须出现,否则句子不完整,语法不够规范。原句:不能否认这样一个事实:武汉目前并非是一个让我们满意的城市。
译文:WecannotdenythefactthatWuhan,atthemoment,isnotasatisfiedcityasweexpected.
原句:大家普遍承认人是社会性的动物。
译文:Itiscommonlyrecognizedthathumansaresocialanimals.Back无主句与有主句的转换汉语的主语经常省略,但在英语中,主语必须
短句与长句的转换
原文:但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。译文:But
goodcooking
doeshavesomethingincommon.Italwaystakesintoaccountcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.
原文:从书店和图书馆带一些书是轻而易举的。然而,从书中学到知识,并把这些知识运用到实践中去,就不是简单的事情了。译文:Itisveryeasytobringsomebooksfrombookstoresandlibraries,
but
tolearntheknowledgeinthebooksandputtheknowledgeintopractice
isbynomeansaneasyjob.Back短句与长句的转换原文:但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总是要考句子成分顺序的调换
原文:在日常生活中,他们并非追求激情浪漫,而是实践着“付出”和“分享”。译文:
Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylife
insteadofpursuingpassionandromance.原文:订婚不久,姨夫就去参军了。译文:UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Back句子成分顺序的调换原文:在日常生活中,他们并非追求激情浪漫注意上下文的连接
中文由意义关联,形式上关系比较松散;英文则是形式关联,句子成分主次分明,前后语法关系一目了然。原文:我建议老人们少操心儿女们的生活,给儿女们足够的空间让他们负责自己的生活。译文:Isuggesttheoldconcernthemselveslesswiththeirchildrenandmakeroomforyoungpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.在翻译的时候需要注意一下中英文之间的区别。有的时候需要把前面提到的主语换成代词,有的时候需要增加连词来表示转折、并列等等。Back注意上下文的连接中文由意义关联,形式上关系比较松散;Bac中文句子通常比较短小,逗号使用较多,且逗号可连续使用。而英文中则经常出现由并列结构和主从结构所构成的长句,逗号不可以随意使用。这时需要注意所译英文句子不要因中文影响而出现残句或粘连句。e.g.1)原文:我收到了。
译文:I
have
received.
(残句)
正确译文:I
have
received
it.2)原文:玛丽五年前住在旧金山,在那儿她写了三本小说。
译文:Mary
lived
in
San
Francisco
five
years
ago,thereshewrote
three
novels.(粘连句)
正确译文:
Mary
lived
in
San
Francisco
five
years
ago,
and
thereshe
wrote
three
novels.Next中文句子通常比较短小,逗号使用较多,且逗号可连续Next我们以往所准备的倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句等仍然有用武之地。只要增加阅读量,积累文化背景知识,熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识,活学活用,我们就不会被千变万化的题型吓倒,所谓“万变不离其宗”就是这个道理。Next我们以往所准备的倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从Next需要注意的是,在完成这部分题目时,考生也必须注意避免如字迹潦草、书写不规范、拼写错误等问题。目前,全国越来越多的四、六级考试阅卷点已经采用电子阅卷,即将主观题试卷扫描后在电脑上进行阅卷,因此,考生在完成主观题时必须特别注意字迹清晰工整,避免不必要的丢分。Next需要注意的是,在完成这部分题目时,考生也Next常用的翻译模板句:1.________has/enjoysahistoryof________.
(用于介绍历史)2._________waspopular/widespread.
(用于介绍流行程度)3.________beusedtodosth.(表示用途)4._______standfor/symbolize/signify________.
(某物象征了…)5.____________isgivenasapresenttosb.(馈赠)6.______iswell-knownas/famousfor/notedfor______.
(以……著称/有名)7.__________start/begin/runfrom…to_________
(从……延续到……)Next常用的翻译模板句:NextB3U1Asiscommonlyacknowledged/Itiscommonlyrecognizedthathumansaresocialanimals.Bondedtogetherinacommunity,wenaturallyexpecttohavefriends.Astowhatfriendshipis,peoplehavedifferentnotions/ideas.Somemakefriendsformutualutility.Oncethegroundforsuchfriendshipdisappearsthefriendshipalsobreaksup.However,alotofpeoplelongfor“soulpals”—thosewhopossessvirtuesandwithwhomwecangothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.Suchfriendshipskeepusawayfromgreedandviolenceandencourageustohavethecourageofourconvictions.Suchiswhatwecall“trueandperfectfriendship”.Next
B3U2Afterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefof
losingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.NextB3U2Afterdinner,weallsatB3U4Retirementbringspeople’scareertoanend.Theyfind,allofasudden,thattheycannomore/longercarryonthejobtheyhavedonefordozensofyears.Someoldpeoplecannotadaptthemselvestosuchachangeandthusbecomedepressed,believingthattheyarenolongeruseful.Indeed,depressionhasbecomeoneoftheleadingthreatstooldpeople’shealth.Nonetheless,manyoldpeopleinChinaareabletomaintaintheirsenseofusefulnessbyrenderingtheirgrown-upchildrenservices,suchastakingcareoftheirgrandchildrenandprovidingallowancestothem.Thequestionremainsastowhetherseniorcitizensshouldtryothermeanstofilluptheirleisure,rendering
theirlateryearsstillmoremeaningful.Isuggesttheoldconcernthemselveslesswiththeirchildrenandmakeroomforyoungpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.Afterall,theolddeserverespectfromtheyoungandtheyoungshouldtoleratetheiragedparentsmore,onthegroundsthattheoldhavecontributedsomuchforsomanyyearsbothtotheirfamilyandtosociety.NextB3U4Retirementbringspeople’B3U5Scientificdevelopmenthasbroughtaboutglobalchangesineducationalthought.Itnotonlygeneratessuchanewformofeducationas“virtualuniversities”
butturns“lifelonglearning”
intoaworkableproject.Inaddition,peopletodayseemtobeinfavorofpracticalknowledge.Butwhateverchangestheremighthavebeen,educationmuststickitsclassicrole:toenlightenlearners.Confrontedwiththenewproblemsofthiscentury,westillexpectthateducationshouldputmoreemphasisoncultivatinglearners’competencetothinkcritically
andtoworkcollaboratively/withteamspirit.Furthermore,wehopethateducationwilltaketheresponsibilityofpromotingtraditionalvirtuesbyguidinglearnerstodispensewithnegativedesirelikegeed,lustandviolence.NextBB3U6Oncetransplantedabroad,peoplewillfeelanxiousandevenlosethecapacitytodealwithdailyroutines./Thisproblemisattributed
tothedisappearanceofthesurroundings/wehavebeenusedto.Then,whatshouldwedo/soastochangethelifestylesandpatternsbuilt
up
inus/oversomanyyears?First,weshouldbemoretoleranttowardspeople/withculturalbackgroundsdifferentfromours.Toget
over
frustrationscausedbycultureshock,/weshouldtrytoadaptourselvestothenewenvironment/andgetalongwithourworkmatesharmoniously./Furthermore,weshouldneveridentifyapersonwiththenationality/herepresentsorproceedtohatetheperson’sculture/onlybecausewedon’tlikehim./Infact,topreserveournationalcultureisnottoresistforeignones.B3U6Oncetransplantedabroad,B3U8Inthemodernsociety,howdoescompetitionworkincombinationwithcooperation?/Firstly,scarcityleadstocompetition./Playersofthesamefootballteamcompeteforslotsontheteam,/andthisteamcompetesagainstotherteamsforvictory./Inaworkplace,colleaguescompeteforhigherpositions./Andalsoinbusiness,firmsbecomerivals
formoreconsumersandabiggermarketshare.Butmeanwhilecompetitionisinseparablefromcooperation./Playershavetocooperateefficientlywithoneanothertowinthechampionshipsfortheirteam./Colleagueshavetocooperatetoaccomplishtheirsharedtask./Firmstrytheirbesttocooperatetolobbytheagenciesofbusinessadministrationforthegreatestprivileges./Allinall,individualsaswellasteamsare
subjected
tobothcompetitionandcooperation./Thetwotogethernourishthesocialdevelopment/sothatwecanenjoyamoreprosperousandharmoniousworld.B3U8Inthemodernsociety,hoThankYou!ThankYou!ParagraphTranslation2014-06-09ParagraphTranslation2014-06-0
新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译(汉译英)
测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。分值比例:15%考试时间:30分钟。内容:中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展长度:140-160个汉字;
新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译(汉译英)
测试学生把汉14分档(13-15分):11分档(10-12分):8分档(7-9分):5分档(4-6分):2分档(1-3分):0分:译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切,行文流畅,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字基本通顺、连贯,无重大语言错误。译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确,语言错误相当多,其中有些是严重语言错误。译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确,有相当多的严重语言错误。译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子,绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。未作答,或只有几个孤立的词,或译文与原文毫不相关。14分档(13-15分):译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切原文(CET4:2014-1)许多人喜欢中餐。/在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。/精心准备的中餐即可口又好看。/烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。/但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,/总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。/由于食物对健康至关重要,/好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,/所以中餐既味美又健康。原文(CET4:2014-1)许多人喜欢中餐。/在中国,14分档
ManypeopleenjoyChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyviewedasaskillbutalsoregardedasaformofart.Acarefully-preparedChinesedinnercanbebothtastyandgood-looking.WhilecookingskillsandtheingredientsdifferlargelyfromplacetoplaceinChina,finecookingalwayshassomethingincommon,thatistheconsiderationofcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.Sincefoodisvitaltothehealth,afinecookisalwaystryingtoachieveabalanceamongcereals,meatandvegetables.Therefore,theChinesefoodisbothdeliciousandhealthy.Next14分档
ManypeopleenjoyCh11分档
ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,cookingisregardednotonlyasakindofskillbutalsoasakindofart.Chinesefood,whichispreparedcarefully,isbothdeliciousandgood-looking.CookingskillsandingredientsdiffergreatlyfromplacetoplaceinChina.However,goodcookingsharesonethingincommon:color,taste,feelandnutritionarealwaysunderconsideration.Sincefoodisofvitalimportancetohealth,goodcooksarealwaystryingtobebalancedwithgrain,meatandvegetables.Asaresult,Chinesefoodisdeliciousandhealthy.Next
11分档
ManypeoplelikeChi8分档
ManypeopleloveChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyregardedakindofskill,butalsoart.Well-preparedChinesedishestastegoodbesideslookgood.ThereisbigdifferentincookingskillsandingredientsbetweendifferentpartsofChina.Butonethingwhichiscommoningooddishesisthattheyallconsideraboutthecolor,thetastingandthenutrition.Asfoodissoimportanttohealth,goodcookersalwaystrytomakeabalancebetweencorn,meatandvegetables.Asaresult,Chinesedishesaredeliciousandhealthy.Next
8分档
ManypeopleloveChines5分档
ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.Cookingisnotonlyaskillbutalsoitisakindofart.ItisdeliciousandbeautifulthatChinesemealsarecarefulprepared.ItisdifferentlyincookingandmaterialbesideinChinese.But,goodmealshaveacommonpointwhichcolorteastandnutritionarethoughabout.Thenagoodcookerisalwaystryingtheirbesttoblanceitfrommeatvegetablesandsoon.Therefore,Chinesefoodisdeliciousandheathy.
Next
5分档
ManypeoplelikeChi2分档
ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,notonlyatechnolegemakefood,andalsoanartist.Goodfoodiseatedfineandseem’sfine.HowmakefoodandmakethefoodneedwhatisdefferentindefferentplaceinChina.Butmakegoodfoodjustonlythinkthefood’scolourtaste,feelmakepeopleandnutrition.Foodisimportandforhealth,sogoodpeoplethatmakefoodisusemorepowerforbetteronmeatandvagitable,soChinesefoodistastegoodandmorehealth.Next
2分档
ManypeoplelikeChi原文:
许多人喜欢中餐。在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐即可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要,好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,所以中餐既味美又健康。译文:
ManypeopleenjoyChinesefood.
CookingislookeduponasanartaswellasaskillinChina.
AcarefullypreparedChinesedishisnotonlydelicioustoeatbutalsobeautifultolookat.
Cookingtechniquesandingredientsvarywidelyacrossthecountry.
Butgoodcookingdoeshavesomethingincommon.Italwaystakesintoaccountcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.
Asfoodisvitaltohealth,goodcooksalwaysstrivetostrikeabalanceamonggrains,meatsandvegetables,soChinesedishesarebothdeliciousandhealthy.Next原文:译文:Next
汉译英解题方法
1.阅读原文,理解原文,获得总体印象。2.处理原文句子,正确断句,合句,找准主语。理解文
中的语言现象和逻辑关系,注意汉英两种语言的不同表达习惯,综合翻译技巧进行翻译。3.修改,对译文修正、加工、润饰。
1)对照原文,一句一句修改,看原文内容、思想是否准确表达出来;有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方;译文语言是否通顺。2)脱离原文,反复阅读后进行修改,看上下文有无不连接的地方,前后有无矛盾、重复的地方、有无逻辑不通的地方。Next
汉译英解题方法
1.阅读原文,理解原文,获得总体印象汉语VS英语不同表达习惯英语看逻辑,汉语看意思;英语重结构,汉语重语义;英语多长句,汉语多短句;英语多从句,汉语多分句;英语多被动,汉语多主动;英语多抽象,汉语多具体;英语多引申,汉语多推理;主语、宾语等名词成分中,英语多代词,汉语多名词。Back汉语VS英语不同表达习惯英语看逻辑,汉语看意思;常用翻译技巧
直译和意译相结合;词类和语态的转换;无主句与有主句的转换;短句与长句的转换;句子成分顺序的调换;注意上下文的连接;Next常用翻译技巧
直译和意译相结合;Next直译和意译相结合直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式,基本保留原有句子结构,不是死译。意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式,更多考虑英语的特点。Ourfriendsareallovertheworld.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.(直译)(意译)直译与意译相互关联,互为补充,两种译法可以并用。e.g.我们的朋友遍天下。Back直译和意译相结合直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式,基本保词类和语态的转换
1.在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换:例如:汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词,汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词等等。如果运用得当,既可使译文通顺流畅,也能反映出英语的风格特点。1)他的演讲给我们的印象很深。
2)你说他傻不傻?
Hisspeechimpressedusdeeply.(名词变动词)Don’tyouthinkheisanidiot?(形容词变名词)NextItnotonlygeneratessuchanewformofeducationas“virtualuniversities”butturns“lifelonglearning”intoaworkableproject.它不仅生成了“网络大学”这样的新的教育形式,而且也使“终身教育”具有可操作性。形容词变名词
aworkableproject词类和语态的转换1.在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换:12.在汉英翻译中可进行语态的转换:
中文中常常使用主动语态,英语中常常使用被动语态,所以有的时候转换一下语态会使译文更加地道流畅。原文:有些老人因害怕死亡而烦恼。(B3U4Para.6)译文:Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.原文:老师教导我,要学到东西就得扔掉课本和笔记本这些不过是记忆工具的东西,要依赖我们与生俱来的本领进行批判性思考。译文:Iwastaughtthattolearnanything,onehadtothrowawaytextbooksandnotebooks—merememorytools—andinsteadrelyonone’snativeabilitytothinkcritically.Back2.在汉英翻译中可进行语态的转换:原文:有些老人因害怕死亡无主句与有主句的转换汉语的主语经常省略,但在英语中,主语必须出现,否则句子不完整,语法不够规范。原句:不能否认这样一个事实:武汉目前并非是一个让我们满意的城市。
译文:WecannotdenythefactthatWuhan,atthemoment,isnotasatisfiedcityasweexpected.
原句:大家普遍承认人是社会性的动物。
译文:Itiscommonlyrecognizedthathumansaresocialanimals.Back无主句与有主句的转换汉语的主语经常省略,但在英语中,主语必须
短句与长句的转换
原文:但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。译文:But
goodcooking
doeshavesomethingincommon.Italwaystakesintoaccountcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.
原文:从书店和图书馆带一些书是轻而易举的。然而,从书中学到知识,并把这些知识运用到实践中去,就不是简单的事情了。译文:Itisveryeasytobringsomebooksfrombookstoresandlibraries,
but
tolearntheknowledgeinthebooksandputtheknowledgeintopractice
isbynomeansaneasyjob.Back短句与长句的转换原文:但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总是要考句子成分顺序的调换
原文:在日常生活中,他们并非追求激情浪漫,而是实践着“付出”和“分享”。译文:
Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylife
insteadofpursuingpassionandromance.原文:订婚不久,姨夫就去参军了。译文:UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Back句子成分顺序的调换原文:在日常生活中,他们并非追求激情浪漫注意上下文的连接
中文由意义关联,形式上关系比较松散;英文则是形式关联,句子成分主次分明,前后语法关系一目了然。原文:我建议老人们少操心儿女们的生活,给儿女们足够的空间让他们负责自己的生活。译文:Isuggesttheoldconcernthemselveslesswiththeirchildrenandmakeroomforyoungpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.在翻译的时候需要注意一下中英文之间的区别。有的时候需要把前面提到的主语换成代词,有的时候需要增加连词来表示转折、并列等等。Back注意上下文的连接中文由意义关联,形式上关系比较松散;Bac中文句子通常比较短小,逗号使用较多,且逗号可连续使用。而英文中则经常出现由并列结构和主从结构所构成的长句,逗号不可以随意使用。这时需要注意所译英文句子不要因中文影响而出现残句或粘连句。e.g.1)原文:我收到了。
译文:I
have
received.
(残句)
正确译文:I
have
received
it.2)原文:玛丽五年前住在旧金山,在那儿她写了三本小说。
译文:Mary
lived
in
San
Francisco
five
years
ago,thereshewrote
three
novels.(粘连句)
正确译文:
Mary
lived
in
San
Francisco
five
years
ago,
and
thereshe
wrote
three
novels.Next中文句子通常比较短小,逗号使用较多,且逗号可连续Next我们以往所准备的倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句等仍然有用武之地。只要增加阅读量,积累文化背景知识,熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识,活学活用,我们就不会被千变万化的题型吓倒,所谓“万变不离其宗”就是这个道理。Next我们以往所准备的倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从Next需要注意的是,在完成这部分题目时,考生也必须注意避免如字迹潦草、书写不规范、拼写错误等问题。目前,全国越来越多的四、六级考试阅卷点已经采用电子阅卷,即将主观题试卷扫描后在电脑上进行阅卷,因此,考生在完成主观题时必须特别注意字迹清晰工整,避免不必要的丢分。Next需要注意的是,在完成这部分题目时,考生也Next常用的翻译模板句:1.________has/enjoysahistoryof________.
(用于介绍历史)2._________waspopular/widespread.
(用于介绍流行程度)3.________beusedtodosth.(表示用途)4._______standfor/symbolize/signify________.
(某物象征了…)5.____________isgivenasapresenttosb.(馈赠)6.______iswell-knownas/famousfor/notedfor______.
(以……著称/有名)7.__________start/begin/runfrom…to_________
(从……延续到……)Next常用的翻译模板句:NextB3U1Asiscommonlyacknowledged/Itiscommonlyrecognizedthathumansaresocialanimals.Bondedtogetherinacommunity,wenaturallyexpecttohavefriends.Astowhatfriendshipis,peoplehavedifferentnotions/ideas.Somemakefriendsformutualutility.Oncethegroundforsuchfriendshipdisappearsthefriendshipalsobreaksup.However,alotofpeoplelongfor“soulpals”—thosewhopossessvirtuesandwithwhomwecangothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.Suchfriendshipskeepusawayfromgreedandviolenceandencourageustohavethecourageofourconvictions.Suchiswhatwecall“trueandperfectfriendship”.Next
B3U2Afterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefof
losingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.NextB3U2Afterdinner,weallsatB3U4Retirementbringspeople’scareertoanend.Theyfind,allofasudden,thattheycannomore/longercarryonthejobtheyhavedonefordozensofyears.Someoldpeoplecannotadaptthemselvestosuchachangeandthusbecomedepressed,believingthattheyarenolongeruseful.Indeed,depressionhasbecomeoneoftheleadingthreatstooldpeople’shealth.Nonetheless,manyoldpeopleinChinaareabletomaintaintheirsenseofusefulnessbyrenderingtheirgrown-upchildrenservices,suchastakingcareoftheirgrandchildrenandprovidingallowancestothem.Thequestionremainsastowhetherseniorcitizensshouldtryothermeanstofilluptheirleisure,rendering
theirlateryearsstillmoremeaningful.Isuggesttheoldconcernthemselveslesswiththeirchildrenandmakeroomforyoungpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.Afterall,theolddeserverespectfromtheyoungandtheyoungshouldtoleratetheira
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