英语close和阅读理解

第一单元closeAhomesteader（自耕农）isapersonwholivesaself-reliantlifestylewithmajoremphasiselectronics,somepeopletrytoseekanescapefromthesocial,environmental,andeconomicmadnessofthemodernageandbeingtoreturningtothecountry.Asthislifestyleissoenjoyable,satisfyingandrewarding,moreandmorepeoplearepreparedtotheirjobinthecityandstartanewandmoremeaningfullifeontheirvariousfarms.Forsomeithasbecomenotonlyawayoflife,butalsoawayoflookingatthe.一个农场主是一个生活在国内生产主要强调自力更生的生活方式的人。在工业时代被电子信息所取代，一些人试图从社会、环境和经济；一种逃避，疯狂的现代考虑重返乡村。这生活是如此的令人愉快，令人满意和有益的，越来越多的人正准备离开他们在城市工作，并开始一个新的、更有意义的不同农场的生活。对有些人来说不仅已成为一种生活方式，也是一种看待世界的方式。Ofcourse,lifeinthecountrycanbepretty.WhileitisanenjoymenttobesoclosetoNature,youmayhavetoreduceyourdependenceonbycuttingbackonyourdailyconsumption.Youmayalsohavetocookyourownmealseverydayandyourownlow-costentertainmentwithoutthethatarecommonincities.On,however,livinginthecountryhaslongbeenapartoftheAmericanDream.GenerationsofAmericanshaveconsideredthecountryansettinginwhichtoliveandraiseafamily.当然，在乡下生活可能会很艰难。虽然它是如此贴近自然的享受，你可能不得不削减日常消费减少依赖燃料。你还可以自己做饭，自己每天提供廉价的娱乐，没有城市中常见的奢侈品。总而言之，无论如何，生活在这个国家长期以来一直是美国梦的一部分。一代又一代的美国人认为乡下的一个理想的环境中生活和养家。第二单元closeDespitethename,theUndergroundRailroadwasnotreallyarailroad,butwasnetworkofpeoplewhoassistedfugitiveslaves.ManyfugitiveswhoescapedtotheNorthandCanadareceivedalongthewayfromindividualswhowereinthisnetwork.Bytheearly19thcentury,theorganizationbecamesosuccessfulthatitisthatbetween1810and1850,100,000slavesescapedfromtheSouththroughtheUndergroundRailroad.尽管这个名字,不是一个铁路地下铁路,但网络协助逃亡的奴隶的人。许多人逃到北境和加拿大接受援助的路上从个人参与这个网络。到第十九世纪初，该组织变得如此成功，据估计，在1810和1850之间，有100000奴隶逃离南方通过地下铁路。Itwasnota(n)thatitwascalledtheUndergroundRailroad.Steamrailroadshadjustandthetermsusedtodescribethepeoplewhohelpedandthefugitiveswererelatedtotherailroadline.Fugitiveslaveswerecalled“parcels”and“passengers”,thehelperswerethe“conductors”,thepeoplewhoprovidedtheirhomesasrefugewerecalled“stationmasters”,andthehomesweretoas“depots”or“stations”.它是不是一个巧合的，它被称为地下铁路。蒸汽铁路刚刚出现，蒸汽铁路刚刚出现,术语用来描述那些帮助和逃亡者相关的铁路线路。逃亡的奴隶被称为“包裹”和“乘客”，助手是“指挥者”,提供自己的家作为避难所，被称为“站长”，房屋被称为“仓库”或“车站”。Therouteusedwasanimportantpartofasuccessfulescape.Thereweresecretroutesthataconductorcoulduse.Theoneuseddependedonwherethesearchpartiesandslavecatcherswere.Sometripsrequiredtheuseofmanydifferentroutes.Ifitappearedthattheymightbeindanger,aguidewouldchangepaths.Someguidesandfugitivesevenhidoutinbushesandswampsformanydaysuntilitwassafetocontinueon.Quicknesswasnotthemain,insteadsafetywasmostimportantandasaresulttheyoftenzigzaggedinordertoavoid.使用的路线是成功逃脱的一个重要组成部分。有很多秘密路线,管理者可以使用。取决于使用的搜索队和奴隶捕手驻扎的地方。一些旅行需要使用许多不同的路线。如果它出现，他们可能处于危险之中，会改变路径指南。甚至一些指南和逃犯藏在灌木丛和沼泽很多天直到安全的到来。速度不是主要所担忧的，而安全是最重要的，因此他们往往曲折地为了避免捕获。第三单元closeStatisticsshowthatatsomepointinyourlife,youwillgetrobbed.Thingsgetevenworseforapartmentdwellers(居住者)becamesomanypeoplepassinandoutofanapartmentbuilding,anditismuchtokeepnon-residentsout.统计数字表明，在你生命的某个时刻，你会被抢劫。事情变得更糟的是公寓居住者成为很多人进出公寓楼，它是多在一起保持非居民.Sowhattodo?Don’tpanic.Yes,apartmentaretorobbery,butthereareoptionsotherthanbarricadingyourselfinyourapartmentwithashotgun.Wesuggestthatyouusesomecommonsensetothattargetfromyourdoor.Thenburglarwillrobthelessguarded,notyou.那么该怎么办呢？不要慌啊！是的，公寓容易遭到抢劫，但有比阻止自己在你的公寓和猎枪的选项。我们建议你用一些常识把目标从你的门上转移。然后窃贼会抢劫守卫，而不是你.Weknowwhatyou’rethinking:“I’llnevergetrobbed.Who’dwanttostealahalfcanofDietCokeandantoothbrush?”Ifthosereallyaretheonlythingsinyourapartment,youhaveeveryreasonnottoworry.However,ifyouhavesomethingyou’dliketokeep-say,aTV,astereo,acomputer,aPicasso-it’swisetobe.我们知道你在想什么:“我永远不会被抢。谁想偷半罐健怡可乐和一个电动牙刷?“如果这些真的是唯一的东西在你的公寓,你完全有理由不担心。然而,如果你有什么你想就直说,电视,音响,电脑,毕加索画的小心谨慎是最明智的。Yourgoalisnottosetupanysecuritysystemstoholdatbay;yourgoalistokeepcriminalsformeventryingtointoyourapartmentinthefirstplace.Ifsomeonereallywantstobreakin,arethathe/sheisgoingtofindawaybybreakingawindoworclimbingupthefirstescape.Therefore,youshouldremoveallthatsay,“Hey,lookatme!Lotsofgoodiesandnosecurity!Comeonin!”Lockthedoorwhenyouleave.Don’tleavethewindowsopenalldaylong.Don’ttapenotesonthedoordirectedtoyourmatereading“Goneallday!Leftthedoorunlockedforyou!”Justuseyourbrains!你的目标不是建立任何复杂的安全系统将小偷陷入困境;你的目标是首先让罪犯形式甚至试图闯入你的公寓。如果有人真的想破门闯入,他/她很可能会找到一种方法打破窗户或爬上第一个逃跑。因此,你应该删除所有迹象表明,说,“嘿,看我!很多好吃的东西和不安全!进来吧!“当你离开的时候把门锁上。不要让窗户开着。不带笔记门指向你的伴侣阅读”走了一整天!把门打开!“用你的大脑!第四单元CloseImagining

is

not

dreaming.

Maybe

to

a

but

it

is

more

than

that.

Imagining

is

beingcreative.

We

owe

all

the

and

developments

to

imagination,

without

which,

I

we

would

still

be

cavemen.

Knowledge

is

important

but

imagination

is

even

more

important.

想象不是做梦。也许在一个程度上却不止于此。想象是有创造力。我感激所有的发明和发展想象力,没有它,我敢打赌,我们仍将穴居人。知识很重要,但想象力更重要。Imagination

deals

with

the

future

and

knowledge

deals

with

the

past.

Imagination

creates

and

knowledge

.

Imagination

breaks

the

norm

and

knowledge

maintains

the

status

quo.

A

leader

needs

imagination

to

create

a

.

A

manager

needs

knowledge

to

operate

the

organization.

An

organization

with

only

managers

will

be

obsolete

.

想象的未来和知识处理过去。想象力创造和知识管理。想象力打破规范和知识保持现状。一个领导者需要想象力创造一个视觉。经理需要了解组织运作。一个组织只有经理最终会被淘汰。

Not

only

is

it

important

in

business.

Imagination

is

required

to

solve

problems

that

mankind

have,

and

move

humans

to

a

higher

level

of

and

well

being.

How

are

we

going

to

solve

global

warming?

How

are

we

going

to

eradicate

?

We

need

imagination

to

come

out

with

the

solutions.

它不仅是重要的业务。想象力是人类需要解决的问题,并将人类更高层次的成就和幸福。我们将如何解决全球变暖?我们如何消除贫困吗?我们需要想象出来的解决方案。Einstein

wouldn't

have

realized

the

theory

of

relativity

if

he

had

not

his

imagination.

In

any

field,

if

you

are

a

leader,

you

need

to

imagine,

for

the

.爱因斯坦也不会意识到相对论如果他没有利用他的想象力。在任何领域,如果你是一个领导者,你需要想象,为了突破。第五单元CloseWake

up

each

day

and

give

gratitude

for

what

you

have.

of

giving

any

thought

at

all

to

what

you

do

not

have

in

your

life,

just

spend

as

much

time

as

you

possibly

can

each

day

giving

thanks

for

all

of

the

people,

opportunities,

material

,

good

health

and

any

other

things

that

you

have

in

your

life

that

make

it

so

good.

It

is

said

that

we

take

so

much

for

granted

that

we

sometimes

forget

to

be

thankful

for

the

small

things

that

make

our

lives

so

much

.

If

you

have

ever

been

out

of

or

under

water

for

too

long,

the

next

breaths

you

take

are

that

much

sweeter.

每天醒来,感激你所拥有的。而不是给你任何认为没有在你的生活中,只是花尽可能多的时间你能每天感恩所有的人,机遇,物质财富、健康和任何其他东西,你已经在你的生活中,使它很好。据说我们太多的理所当然,我们有时会忘记感谢小事情让我们的生活更加丰富。如果你曾在水下呼吸或太久,下一个你呼吸,更甜蜜。Tell

others

how

much

you

love

and

them

every

chance

you

get.

You

may

never

see

someone

again

so

you

always

want

to

leave

them

by

telling

them

just

how

they

are

to

you.

When

you

are

telling

them

how

much

you

care

about

them

and

how

thankful

you

are

for

having

them

in

your

life,

give

them

examples

of

what

you

love

about

them

the

most.

告诉别人你有多爱,珍惜每一个机会。你可能永远不会再见到的人所以你总是想离开他们,告诉他们他们是多么的特别。当你告诉他们你有多关心你有多感激因为他们在你的生命中,给他们具体的例子你最喜欢他们。Take

the

time

to

appreciate

every

little

thing

in

your

life.

When

the

sun

is

,

the

grass

is

wet

beneath

your

feet

and

your

dog

is

barking,

give

thanksfortheseisbreak,givethanksforthesesmall.Everymomentwehaveisa.Useyourtimetoshowandtellothershowimportantandspecialtheyare.Givingsomeoneyourtimeandkindwordsisthegreatestgiftofall.花时间去欣赏你生活中的每一件小事。阳光灿烂的时候,你脚下的草是湿的,你的狗叫声,感谢这些打破,感谢这些小奇迹。每一刻我们都是一个礼物。使用你的时间显示,告诉别人他们是多么重要和特殊。给予别人你的时间和言语是有史以来最伟大的礼物。第六单元CloseFiveyearsagoafemaleinmate(犯人)atRiker’sIslandtoldJanePaleythatshesmelledwonderful.AspresidentofFriendlyVisitors,a50-year-oldorganizationwhoseis“actsoflovingkindnessthatdon’tlargesumsofmoneyorhoursofwork.”PaleyfrequentlywenttotheNewYorkCity.Thatday,though,asprayofperfumewentoffinherhand.五年前在瑞克岛上的女性犯人告诉JanePaley她闻起来很棒。作为总统的友好访客，一个50岁的组织，其使命是“爱的善举：不涉及大笔的钱或工作时间的仁慈的去爱”。佩利经常去纽约城监狱。虽然这一天，她的手喷了香水。Hergrouphadlongdonatedmoneysothatthe100womeninthejailcouldbuyfoodandtreats.Whygivethemfancytoiletries（化装用品）too?她的小组长期捐钱以便在监狱的100名妇女能够购买食物和零食。那为什么不给他们喜欢的化妆品呢？Parleyandhercrewof35womenfiguredouttheperfectwaytogetthegoods.Theyaskedfriendstohotelsoaps,shampoosandlotionswhentheytravel.VolunteersbundlethemintogoodybagsandthemtoRiler’sseveraltimesayear,includingChristmasandMother’sDay.Paley和她的组员35名妇女，想到了拿化妆品的最佳方式。他们让朋友收集酒店的肥皂，洗发水和润肤露在旅行的时候。一年好几次志愿者们捆绑将它们成礼品袋并且送到Riler，包括圣诞节、母亲节。“Thesemini-donationsmakethewomenfeel,saysPaley.Youcanseethemturnthemselvesaroundalittlebit”.Paley说："这些迷你捐赠让女人感到美丽,你可以看到他们一点点的转变"。So,Paleycontinues,Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoafforda,takethesoapandshampoos.Bringthemtohomelesssheltersbatteredwomensheltersoranyorganizationin.It’saactthatmaymeanagreatdeal.”所以，Paley继续说，“如果你幸运的有足够的钱度假，带上肥皂和洗发水。把他们送到流浪者避难所、受虐妇女庇护所或者有困难的任何组织。这是一个小小的举动却意味着很多。”第一单元Translation（1）我们计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。Wehaveaproblemwiththecomputersystem,butIthinkitisfairlyminor父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我（myupbringing）的责任。MyfatherdiedwhenIwastooyoungtoliveonmyown.Thepeopleofmyhometowntookoverresponsibilityformyupbringingatthatpoint.这些玩具必得在达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。Thetoyshavetomeetstrictsafelyrequirementsbeforetheycanbesoldtochildren.作为新闻和舆论的载体（carrier），广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。Radioandtelevisionhavesupplementedratherthanreplacedthenewspaperascarriersofnewsandopinion.至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。Whenitcomestothismagazine,itisadigestofarticlesfrommanynewspapersandmagazinesaroundtheworld第二单元Translation（1）虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。Thoughgreatlyaffectedbytheconsequencesoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,Wearestillconfidentthatwecanfaceuptothechallengeandovercomethecrisis.（2）在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。Underthreatofconstantsandstorms,wewerecompelledtoleaveourcherishedvillageandmovetothenewsettlement.（3）根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。Accordingtoarecentonlinesurvey,alotofconsumerssaytheymaybemotivatedtoconsiderbuyingproductsshowninTVcommercials.（4）看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物（contaminatedwaste）倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告。Havingspottingatruckdriverdumpingcontaminatedwastealongsidetheriver,theoldmanreportedtothepoliceatonce.（5）一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢基因农作物（geneticallymodifiedcrops）的，因为它们能够提高质量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。Somescientistsholdtothefirmconvictionthatpeoplewillcometolikegeneticallymodifiedcropssomedaysincetheycanincreaseyieldsandhelpcombathungeranddiseaseinthedevelopingworld.ForRoyJohnson,aseniormagazineeditor,thelatestindignity（侮辱）cameafterarecentdinneratafancyrestaurantinthewealthyNewYorkCitysuburbwhereheandhisfamilylive.FirsttheparkingvalethandedhimthekeystohisJaguarinsteadoffetchingthecar.ThenanelderlywhitecouplecameoutandhandedhimthekeystotheirblackMercedes-Benz.“IttookthemawhiletorealizethatIwasnotavalet,”saysJohnson.“Itdidn’tmatterthatIwasdressedfordinnerandhadpaidahandsomepriceforthemeal,justashehad.WhatmatteredwasthatIdidn’tfithisideaofsomeonewhocouldbeequaltohim.”罗伊·约翰逊,一位杂志编辑,最近的侮辱跟随最近的一次晚餐之后在富人的一个高档餐厅纽约郊区他和他的家人住的地方相续而来。第一代客停车把钥匙递给他的捷豹,而不是迷人的车。然后一位年长的白人夫妇出来,把钥匙递给他黑色的奔驰。“他们花了一段时间才意识到我不是管家,约翰逊说。“没关系,我为晚餐而打扮,支付一个很高的价格为这顿饭,就像他一样。真正重要的是,我不适合他的想法的人可以等于他。”

Suchincidents,whicharedepressinglyfamiliartoAfrican-Americansofallages,incomesandsocialclasses,helpexplainwhyblackandwhiteattitudesoftendiffersocompletely.Arecentsurveyfoundthat68percentofblacksbelieveracism（种族歧视）isstillamajorprobleminAmerica.Only38percentofwhitesagreed.这样的事件,令人沮丧的是熟悉的非裔美国人的年龄,收入和社会阶层,帮助解释了为什么黑人和白人的态度经常完全不同。最近的一项调查发现,68%的黑人认为种族主义(种族歧视)在美国仍然是一个主要问题。只有38%的白人同意了。

ManyAmericansfindthegulfbetweenblacksandwhitesconfusing.Afterall,officialseparationisabadmemoryand40yearsoflaws,policiesandcourtdecisionshavehelpedAfrican-Americansmakesignificantprogresstowardequalopportunity.Indeed,ablackmanborninHarlemcouldbethenation’snextpresident.许多美国人发现黑人和白人之间的鸿沟让人困惑。毕竟,官方的分离是一个糟糕的记忆和40年的法律、政策和法院判决帮助非洲裔美国人平等机会取得重大进展。的确,一个黑人出生在哈莱姆可能是国家的下一任总统。

Butracismpersists,unmistakabletoeveryblackbutlargelyinvisibletomanywhites.Itisevidentintheeverydayencounters(不愉快的遭遇)African-Americanshavewithracialprejudice（偏见）anddiscriminationlikethevaletparkingincident,suchencountersoftenstrikewhitesasunimportantmisunderstandings.Buttheyremindblacksthattheyareoftendismissedaslessintelligent,lesshardworking,lesshonestandlesslikelytosucceed.Someinsultsareclearlyracist;othersmaybeevidenceofinsensitivityorbadmannersratherthanracialprejudice.Buttheaccumulationofinsultsfeedsanger.但种族歧视仍然存在,黑人都明白无误的,但很大程度上是无形的许多白人。在日常遇到很明显(不愉快的遭遇)非裔美国人与种族偏见(偏见)和歧视的代客泊车事件,等遇到白人经常罢工不重要的误解。但是他们提醒黑人,他们往往被视为智力低下,不勤奋,不真诚,也不太可能成功。一些侮辱显然是种族主义者,其他人可能不敏感或不礼貌而不是种族偏见的证据。但是侮辱提要的累积的愤怒。

“Whatisamazingtomeisthenumberofwhiteswhoexpresssurprisethatanyofthishappens,”observesMaryFrancesBerry,chairpersonoftheU.S.CommissiononCivilRights,whosaysshehasbeenwatchedatshoppingmalls.“什么对我来说是神奇的是白人的数量表达惊喜的这一切发生的时候,“观察玛丽弗朗西丝·贝瑞,美国民权委员会的主席,他说,她一直在关注购物中心。56.Theword“valet”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansarestaurantemployeetakingcareofdiners’cars.“管家”这个词在第一段最可能意味着餐厅员工照顾顾客的汽车。57.RoyJohnsonwasunfairlytreatedbecauseheisblack.罗伊·约翰逊是不公正的待遇,因为他是黑人。Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatbothblacksandwhitesarebewilderedbyracism.从文中我们可以得知,黑人和白人都被种族歧视搞的不知所措。ItisimpliedinthepassagethatmanywhitepeopledenythepresenceofracismintheUSbecausetheytendtoregardinstancesofracismastrivialmisunderstandings.隐含在文章中,许多白人否认种族主义在美国的存在,因为他们倾向于认为种族主义的实例是微不足道的误解。Judgingfromthecontext,themostpossibleexplanationforMaryFrancesBerry’sbeingwatchedatshoppingmallsisthatsheisblack.从上下文来看,最可能的解释为玛丽弗朗西丝·贝瑞在购物中心看到的是她是黑人。AddLittleton,Colorado,tothelistofcitiesdazedwithgriefafteraschoolslaughter.Twostudentsshotandkilled12otherstudentsandateacherbeforetakingtheirownlives.Thebloodbathwasthelargestinthehistoryofthisnation.Thistypeofcrimedidn'texist10yearsago.加入利特尔顿,科罗拉多的列表后,由于城市悲痛学校屠杀。过上他们自己的生活之前两个学生开枪打死了12个学生以及一名教师自己的生活。大屠杀是历史上最大的国家。这种类型的犯罪十年前并不存在。

Americansshouldstopactingsurprisedthattheseshootinghappenin"nicer"neighborhoods.That'stheonlyplacetheyhappen.Noneoftherecentschoolmassacrestookplaceataninner-citycampus;theyalloccurredinsmallertownsorsuburbs.Thesekillershaven'tbeenfromimpoverishedorextremelyviolentfamilies.Theydon'tappeartohavebeenpickedonanyworsethankidshavebeenforgenerations.Theychosealienationanddestruction,andtheyfoundthetoolstocarryouttheirhate-filledplan.美国人不应该这些枪击事件发生在“良好的”社区假装惊讶。这是唯一的地方。没有最近的学校屠杀发生在一个市中心的校园,他们都发生在较小的城镇或郊区。这些杀手还没有从贫困或极端暴力的家庭。他们似乎没有被选在任何比孩子已经好几代了。他们选择了异化和毁灭,他们发现工具来执行他们的充满仇恨的计划。

Donotblameschoolsforthesemassacres.Schoolssimplytakewhattheyaresent.Questionthekillers'parents.Theparentsaresupposedtoteachtheirchildrenrespectandempathyforothers'lives.Parentsshouldhelptheiroffspringlearntohandletauntorconflictwithoutresortingtoviolence.不要责怪学校这些屠杀。学校只是把他们发送。凶手的父母的问题。父母应该教导孩子尊重和同情别人的生活。父母应该帮助他们的孩子学会处理嘲讽或冲突而不诉诸暴力。

Allconcernedadultsshouldtakeayouth'sthreattoshootsomeoneasseriouslyasairportsecurityguardstakejokesaboutbombs.Studentsmustbeencouragedtotellteachersifaclassmatethreatensorjokesaboutviolence.Administratorsatschoolsaroundthecountryneedtoemphasizetheywilltakesuchreportsseriously,andthattheywillnotidentifyanystudentwhocomesforwardwithsuchareport.所有有关成年人应该认真对待青年拍某人的威胁,随着机场保安开玩笑炸弹。必须鼓励学生告诉老师同学威胁或者暴力开玩笑。管理员在全国各地的学校需要强调他们会认真对待这样的报道,他们不会发现任何学生提出这样的一个报告。Moregunregulationsprobablywon'tstoptheseshootings,butgunownersandsellersmusttakemoreresponsibilityforkeepingweaponsawayfromyoungpeople.Gunownersshouldkeeptheirgunsunloaded,lockedupandhiddenaway.Mostcarownersdon'tleavetheirkeysinthecarevenwhentheyparkintheirowngarage;gunownersshouldbeatleastascarefulwithweapons.更多的枪支管理法规可能不会停止这些枪击事件,但是枪支拥有者和卖方必须承担更多的责任保持武器离年轻人。枪支拥有者应该保持他们的枪卸下,锁定和隐藏。大多数车主不离开自己的钥匙在车里在自己的车库;即使他们公园枪支拥有者应该至少小心武器。

Thefederalgovernmentcan'tsolvethisproblem.Schoolsalonecan'tsolveit.Moregunswon'tsolveit.Americansmustconsciouslycreateaculturethatmakesviolenceunacceptable.Parentsneedtostopallowingtheirchildren’smindstobepollutedwithviolence.Newsmedianeedtoshowmorerestraintandthoughtabouthowandwhattheyreport.联邦政府不能解决这个问题。学校不能独自解决这个问题。更多的枪支不会解决这个问题。美国人必须有意识地创造一种文化,使暴力不可接受的。父母需要停止让孩子的思想和暴力被污染。新闻媒体需要显示更多的克制和思考他们如何报告。TheColoradomassacreisanationaltragedy.More’sthepityifAmericansdonotstop,reflectandvowtomakeitthelastschoolmassacre.科罗拉多大屠杀是一个国家的悲剧。更多的是同情,如果美国人不停止,反映和誓言,让它过去学校大屠杀。Onecommonfeatureofalltherecentschoolmassacresisthattheyalloccurredinplacesthatappeartobeniceneighborhoods.最近学校大屠杀的一个共同的特点是,它们都发生在的地方似乎是不错的社区。Childrenarelesslikelytobecomekillersiftheyaretaughtrespectandempathyforothers’lives.孩子们不太可能成为杀手,如果他们被教导尊重和同情别人的生活。Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldtakethemainresponsibilityforcampusshootings?作者认为谁应该对校园枪击事件负主要责任?Thekiller’sparents杀手的父母Whatisthemosteffectivewaytopreventschoolmassacrefromhappeningagain?什么是最有效的方法来防止学校屠杀再次发生?Creatingaculturethatmakesviolenceunacceptable.创造使暴力不可欢迎一种企业文化的。Fromthepassagewecaninferthatayouth’sjokeaboutviolenceisoftenignoredbyotherpeople.从文中我们可以推断出一个青年的玩笑暴力经常被别人忽略。In

the

early

1600's,

a

group

known

as

the

Separatists

lived

in

England.

They

were

people

who

wanted

to

worship

God,

study

the

Bible

and

pray,

but

the

English

laws

did

not

allow

them

to

worship

as

they

desired.

They

were

hunted

down,

beaten,

and

locked

up.

在1600年代初,一群被称为“分裂分子住在英格兰。他们想要敬拜上帝的人,学习圣经和祷告,但英国法律不允许他们敬拜他们所期望的。他们追捕、殴打和关押。Eventually,

they

heard

about

freedom

of

religion

in

Holland,

and

planned

to

escape.

After

much

hardship,

they

were

allowed

to

leave

England.

最终,他们听说过宗教自由在荷兰,并计划逃跑。经过许多困难,他们被允许离开英格兰。Now

called

Pilgrims,

they

lived

in

Holland

for

12

years,

but

left

because

they

couldn't

stand

the

hard

life,

and

couldn't

work

their

own

trades.

They

wanted

to

find

a

Kingdom

of

God

for

their

posterity

to

practice

religion

freely.

So

they

hired

the

Speedwell

and

the

Mayflower

to

carry

them

across

the

Atlantic

to

a

new

land

in

America.

现在被称为朝圣者,他们住在荷兰工作了12年,但离开,因为他们不能忍受艰苦的生活,自己的交易,不能工作。他们想为他们的后代找到神的国自由实践宗教。所以他们雇佣了婆婆纳属的植物,五月花号跨大西洋在美国一个新的土地。The

Speedwell

had

many

leaks

and

had

to

turn

back.

The

Mayflower

took

in

their

passengers,

making

a

total

of

over

100.

They

sailed

two

months

and

three

days,

cramped

and

hungry.

婆婆纳属的植物有很多泄漏和不得不回头。五月花了他们的乘客,总共超过100。他们两个月,三天,狭窄的又饿。On

November

11,1620,

the

Mayflower

spotted

land.

They

landed

in

Province

town,

Massachusetts.

For

over

a

month,

they

sent

men

to

find

the

perfect

place

for

them

to

build

their

colony.

When

they

finally

found

a

place,

they

called

it

Plymouth.

1620年11月11日,五月花号发现了陆地。他们降落在省城里,马萨诸塞州。一个多月来,他们派人找到完美的地方建立自己的殖民地。当他们终于找到一个地方,他们称之为普利茅斯。Right

away

they

started

building

homes,

knowing

winter

was

near.

Unfortunately,

a

violent

storm

hit

when

the

houses

were

not

yet

finished.

The

Pilgrims

were

forced

to

stay

on

the

cramped

Mayflower

for

their

first

winter

in

the

new

world.

When

this

winter

was

over,

over

half

of

them

had

died.

他们开始建造房子,知道冬天是近了。不幸的是,暴风袭击时尚未完成的房屋。清教徒被迫呆在狭小的五月花号的第一个冬天在新的世界。这个冬天结束后,超过一半的人已经死了。The

Pilgrims

eventually

made

a

good

friend

who

helped

them.

His

name

was

Squanto.

He

showed

them

where

fish

swam,

how

to

hunt

deer,

and

how

to

plant

corn.

清教徒最终做了一个好朋友帮助他们的人。他的名字叫移民。他给他们看鱼游,如何猎鹿,以及如何种植玉米。Squanto

was

a

Native

American

who

was

kidnapped

earlier

in

his

life

and

taken

to

England.

This

is

why

he

was

able

to

communicate

with

the

Pilgrims.

司光恩徒早些时候被绑架是土生土长的美国人在他的生活和英格兰。这就是为什么他能够与朝圣者通信。With

the

help

of

the

Native

Americans,

there

was

plenty

for

everyone

to

eat

that

first

summer,

and

also

plenty

to

last

for

the

next

winter.

印第安人的帮助下,每个人都有很多吃的第一个夏天,也足够维持下一个冬天。The

Pilgrims

had

so

much

to

be

thankful

for.

They

gave

thanks

for

good

friends,

new

homes,

freedom

of

religion,

and

plenty

of

food

in

a

three-day

celebration

with

their

Native

American

friends.

清教徒们太多的感谢。他们给感谢好朋友,新房,宗教自由,和充足的食物与他们的印第安朋友为期三天的庆祝活动。Today

we

continue

the

celebration

of

the

Pilgrims

and

the

Native

Americans,

and

call

it

Thanksgiving.

今天我们继续庆祝朝圣者和印第安人,并称之为感恩节。

The

Separatists

left

England

in

pursuit

of

religious

freedom

追求宗教自由的分裂分子离开了英国

The

Pilgrims

spend

their

first

winter

on

the

ship

that

carried

them

across

the

Atlantic

清教徒在船上度过的第一个冬天,这些价值昂贵的作品运往大西洋的彼岸58.

The

Pilgrims

learnt

to

adapt

to

the

new

environment

with

the

help

of

the

natives

清教徒学会适应新环境与当地人的帮助

How

did

the

Pilgrims

get

along

with

the

Native

Americans?

朝圣者和印第安人相处如何?

They

were

very

friendly

to

each

other.

他们彼此很友好。

What

is

the

central

idea

of

this

passage?

这篇文章的中心思想是什么?

The

origin

of

Thanksgiving.

感恩节的起源。Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothenewtimesayearwhenwecanseeeachother.最近,我的一个最好的朋友珍妮,我共享一切从幼儿园的第一天,周末和我在一起。自从我几年前搬到了新的城市,我们都总是期待着新时代的这一年里,我们可以看到对方。

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.

Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.上周末,我们花了几个小时,熬夜到深夜,谈论她闲逛的人。她开始告诉我关于她的新男朋友的故事,关于他尝试了毒品和其他自我毁灭的行为。我被吹走!她告诉我她是如何对她父母撒谎了,她甚至偷出去看到这个家伙,因为他们不想让她在他周围。不论多么艰难我试图告诉她,她应该得到更好的,她不相信我。她的自尊似乎已经消失。

Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble.IfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.我试图说服她,她毁了她的未来,走向大麻烦。我觉得我是无路可走。我简直不敢相信她真的认为这是可接受的挂在一群失败者,尤其是她的男朋友。

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.

IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’dbeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.当她离开的时候,我真的很担心她和疲惫的经验。它令人沮丧,我已经接近告诉她几次在周末,也许我们刚刚变得过于远继续我们的友谊,但是我没有。我把友谊的力量的终极测试。太久之后,我们就一直是好朋友。我不得不希望她足够重视我知道我试图救她伤害自己。我想相信我们的友谊可以征服任何东西。

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.几天后,她打电话说,长期而艰苦的思考关于我们的谈话,然后她告诉我,她和她的男朋友。我只是听在电话的另一端与喜悦的泪水顺着我的脸。这是我生命中真正的奖励的时刻之一。我从来没有这么骄傲的一个朋友。WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?哪个单词最好的总结了珍妮的男朋友吗?Aloser失败者62.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?什么是珍妮的父母对她的态度和她的男朋友之间的关系?Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.他们不允许她继续。HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?作者是如何应对珍妮与她的男朋友的关系?ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuingit.她曾试图劝阻珍妮她最好的继续。HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldherhadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?作者是如何感觉当珍妮告诉她和她的男朋友吗?Shefeltexhausted她感到筋疲力尽65.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?作者试图传达什么信息在这一段吗?Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.真正的友谊的力量可以征服任何东西。一课一练第一单元Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeterioratesastheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquentandsexuallyprecious.Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.它已经表明,吸烟的儿童有一定的特点。与非吸烟者相比他们更叛逆,他们的工作恶化提升学校,他们更有可能就早早离开了学校,而且更经常拖欠和性珍贵。许多这些特性可以概括为预期的成年。Thereareanumberoffactors,whichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingthought,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.有很多因素,确定开始吸烟,这些在很大程度上是心理和社会。包括可用性的香烟,好奇心,叛逆,出现想,期待成年期,社会信心,家长和老师的例子,和吸烟的朋友和年长的兄弟姐妹。Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrolesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrolehasbeenintroducedatSummerhillSchoolwhereIspentmyschooldays.它应该更容易防止孩子开始吸烟比说服成年人放弃习惯一旦建立,但事实上这已经被证明是非常困难的。权威的人的例子,尤其是父母,卫生保健工作者和教师,至关重要。学校角色应该禁止吸烟的儿童的前提。这个角色在夏山学校引入了在那里我花了我的学生时代。Thereis,however,ariskofchildrensmokingjusttorebelagainsttherules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.然而,孩子们吸烟的风险只是为了反抗规则,甚至在这些学校已试图通过体罚来实施禁止吸烟在其他学校有尽可能多的吸烟。然而,禁止吸烟可能是在平衡有益的。老师太不应该吸烟在学校前提,至少不会在孩子面前。Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasisonthedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking.在这篇文章作者强调了阻止孩子吸烟的困难。22.Whichofthefollowingisacommon