2021年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析

第37页共37页2021年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析20__年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析20__年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析SectionIUseofEnglish:Directions:Readthefollogte_t.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has__(2)_.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjectswhich__(4)__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.While1mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageicist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeicsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourkin.”Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilaritye_istsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoe_plain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoosinggeicallysimilarfriends_(13)_”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_(17)_factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplye_plainpeople’s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeane_traction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]pared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]sles[D]e_les6.[A]insignificant[B]une_pected[C]unbelievable[D]incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]e_press17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollogfourte_ts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachte_tbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Te_t1KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollogtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.Itisthisarenttranscendenceofpoliticsthate_plainsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEaste_cepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetoe,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishe_le.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillewithCharles,whohasbothane_pensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly[A]ogtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality[C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment23.Whichofthefollogisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]Aristocrats’e_cessiverelianceoninheritedwealth[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole25.Whichofthefollogisthebesttitleofthete_t?[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgracebined[B]Charles,An_ioustoSucceedtotheThrone[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheingThreatsTe_t2JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingrulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthate_ploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Bute_ploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethate_plorationsomuchtheeasier.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.Citizensstillhavearighttoe_pectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drag.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovellicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,paresthee_plosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentliestodigitalinformationnow.26.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto[A]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.[B]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.[C]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof[A]disroval.[B]indifference.[C]tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28.Theauthorbelievesthate_ploringone’sphonecontentsisparableto[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.[B]handlingone’shistoricalrecords.[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.[D]goingthroughone’swallet.29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlye_pressed.[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.[C]citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.[D]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.30.OrinKerr’sparisonistedtoindicatethat[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedfle_ibly.[B]newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.[C]California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.[D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealteredTe_t3ThejournalScienceisaddingane_traroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasointedsevene_pertstoastatisticsboardofreviegeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitse_istingBoardofReviegEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfinde_ternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththelicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup.Hesayshee_pectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirroachafterScience.”JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis“amostwelestepforward”and“longoverdue.”“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthane_pertreview,”hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.Professionalscientistsaree_pectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglymoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVau_,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein20__,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess”.Vau_saysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviegeditorstoidentify‘thepapersthatneedscrutiny’inthefirstplace”.31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that[A]Scienceintendstosimplifytheirpeer-reviewprocess.[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.[D]lackofdataanalysisismoninresearchprojects.32.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto[A]found.[B]marked.[C]revised.[D]stored.33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay[A]poseathreattoallitspeers.[B]meetwithstrongopposition.[C]increaseScience’scirculation.[D]setane_leforotherjournals.34.DavidVau_holdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow[A]addstoresearchers’workload.[B]diminishestheroleofreviewers.[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement.[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture35.Whichofthefollogisthebesttitleofthete_t?[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers.[B]ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks[D]StatisticiansAreingBackwithScienceTe_t4Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”.Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyarentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbeeoneofthemostdangerousfoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingpaniessuchasNewsInternational,shieldthought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes–findingguiltyones-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge–thederissueofdearthofintegritystillstandstill,Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin20__1tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,wowlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredwowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworld,titlehasbeenormalthatwell—paide_ecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathensintheorganizationsthattheyrunperhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,fle_ibility,shareholdervalue,business–friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjusticefairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstandingtobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanymonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby[A]theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism[B]panies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices.[C]governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that[A]GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime[B]morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.[C]AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.[D]phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.38.TheauthorbelievestheRebekahBooks’sdeference[A]revealedacunningpersonality[B]centeredontrivialissues[C]washardlyconvincing[D]waspartofaconspiracy39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows[A]generallydistortedvalues[B]unfairwealthdistribution[C]amarginalizedlifestyle[D]arigidmoralcote40.Whichofthefollogissuggestedinthelastparagraph?[A]Thequalityofwritingisofprimaryimportance.[B]monhumanityiscentralnewsreporting.[C]Moralawarenessmattersine_citinganewspaper.[D]Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.PartBDirections:Inthefollogte_t,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytoprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,dragonyoure_plicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar(41)______youbegintoinferaconte_tforthete_t,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofofprehension.Buttheyshowprehensiontoconsistnotjustpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementinferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandcues(42)_______Conceivedinthisway,prehensionwillnotfollowe_actlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fi_edor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandclockedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthete_ttotheworld.(43)_______Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare,(44)_______Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsociale_periencesproducedifferentbutoverlingreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingforte_tsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns-debatesaboutte_tscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagivente_talsodependstosomee_tentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)_______suchdimensionsofreadsuggest-asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo-thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingte_tualenvironment.[A]Arewestudyingthatte_tandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontest.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbeerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetestmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.[F]Inplays，novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotestonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcallte_tualandconte_tualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinate_t’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothete_t.SectionIIITranslationDirections:Readthefollogte_tcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.48)But,theforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and16th-centurye_plorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMe_ico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsi_-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysubsistedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipwerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.“Tothean_ioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostine_pressiblerelief.”saidonerecorderofevents,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasaveritablerealtreasure-housewhiche_tendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsremendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourremendation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-20__wordsbasedonthefollogdrag.Inyouressayyoushould1)describethedragbriefly2)e_plainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourmentsYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET.(20points)手机时代的聚会参考答案及详细解析Icloze1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what【答案】[D]what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)，原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised【答案】[B]concluded【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，thatis_______中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为concluded。3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by【答案】[C]on【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容(研究对1932分独特的受试者进行分析^p)判断出进行分析^p的对象是1932uniquesubjects。conductanalysison…是固定表达。4.[A]pared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected【答案】[A]pared【解析】该空格所在的句子是which引导的定语从句修饰study,意思是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行_______。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。所以最佳答案为pared。5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]sles[D]e_les【答案】[C]sles【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程，和实验对象，第五个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类______。所以根据上下文语境和内容，应该选与实验对象相对应的sles(样例).因此，答案是sles。6.[A]insignificant[B]une_pected[C]unbelievable[D]incredible【答案】[A]insignificant【解析】