上海格致中学2020届高三上英语期中试卷

格致中学二0一九学年度第一学期期中考试号

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准Heiseagertoknowwhoitis.D.Heisreadytoopenthedoor.Bytaxi.D.Bytrain.C.$300.D.$400.B.Shewenttoanexhibition.Shestayedwithherclassmates.B.Inaprofessor'soffice.D.Inanemergencyward.C.Afurtherstudy.D.Anewrecord高三年级英语试卷（共11页）（测试120分钟内完成，总分140分，试后交答题卷）友情提示：昨大，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获!祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！第I卷ListeningComprehension（共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Heknowswhoisknocking.C.Hedoesn'twanttoopenthedoor.A.Byplane.B.Bybus.A.$100.B.$200.A.Shewenttocinema.C.Shestayedathome.A.Inadoctor'soffice.C.Inanoperatingroom.A.Themanpaidthetuitionforlearningphysics.Themangotalotofmoneyforhishardwork.Hishardworkwasnotrewardingatall.Hisworkbeforethetestledtoagoodresult.A.Afurnishedhouse.B.Arecentbook.A.Theywillgoswimming.Theywillclimbmountains.Theywillbuysomeclothes.Theywillforecasttheweatherconditions.A.Hehasanotherlecturetoattend.Hehasnointerestinthelecture.He'sattendedthesamelecturegivenbyProfessorWilsonbefore.Hemightmissthelecture,ifthewomandidn'tremindhim.A.Shefullyagreeswiththeman.Shedisagreeswiththeman.B.Theyareuncertainabouttheweather.Shethoughtthemanwasalwayslate.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Peopleareencouragedtobeacraftsman.Learningwoodworkingisnotashardasyouthink.Learningwoodworkingwillhelpyouknowmorepeople.Takingaclassinwoodworkingwillbeveryhelpful.A.BecauseIamatalentinthisartandwanttoshareitwithothers.BecauseIaminterestedinitandwanttoshowittoothers.BecauseIwonderhowtopickmaterialsandhowtodoitwell.Becauseit'sagoodwaytoknowmorepeopleinterestedinit.A.Youcanexpecttodowoodworkingperfectlytheveryfirsttime.Doingwoodworkingmeansbeingaloneforlong.Youcanalsolearnfromotherpeopleinterestedinwoodworking.Takingaclassinwoodworkingcostsalotofmoney.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Toanalyzecausesandeffectsofusingacreditcard.Toencouragepeopletoborrowmoneyfrombanks.Toletpeopleknowtheresponsibilityinusingacreditcard.Topresenttheeffectofcomputersinpopularizingtheuseofcreditcards.A.Thedevelopmentofcomputers.People’sgreedinessformoremoney.People’sneedsforlesspapermoney.People’slearningtobemoreresponsible.A.Tolearntoberesponsiblebyusingcreditcards.Tostopusingcreditcardsandborrowmoneyfromfriendsorrelatives.Topaymoneybackasfastaspossibleafterusingcreditcards.Tostopborrowingmoneyanduseyourownfundsforshopping.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Anewspaper.B.Anadvertisementcompany.C.Acleanupcompany.D.Amarket.A.Shewantstosparemoreroomforsomethingnew.Shewantstoturntheiroldstuffintocashatalowcost.Sheknowsthatthesalesconsultantbeforethemandoes.Shejustwantstocleanuptheirhouse.A.Rudyislikelytobuytheirstuff.B.Rudywillcomeandtaketheirstuffaway.C.Rudyplaysguitaraswellastheman.D.Rudywillhelpthemwiththeadandthesale.A.Hisoldguitar.Theirappliances,jewelry,furnitureandexerciseequipment.Thespringcleanupsale.Thelowcostofadandfriendlyservice.II.GrammarandVocabulary(共20分，每题1分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithgivenwords,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiven;fortheotherblanks,useonewordforeachblankthatbestfitsthecontext.SingaporeisAsia'MonteCarlo,aplaygroundforthewealthy.Thecity-statehasthethird-highestconcentrationofultra-richindividualsafterMonacoandGeneva.Soit'sallthe(21)surprisingthatinthepastfiveyears,mostofthespendingimpulseinSingaporehascomefromthoseatthebottomoftheeconomicpyramid,whilethecondo-dwellingbankersandthelandedelitehavebeenrelativelythrifty.Between2013and2018,peoplelivinginone-andtwo-roompublic(22)(house)increasedtheirmonthlyspendingby3.7percentonaverage,(23)familiesinprivateapartmentssawexpenditurefallby0.1percent.Householdslivinginlandedproperty,whospentnearly5percentmoreonaverageeveryyearbetween2008and2013,(24)(tighten)thepursestringstojust0.2percent.Thefindingswerereleasedlastweek(25)partofthestatisticsdepartment'sh(expendituresurvey,adetailedstudyconductedeveryfiveyears.ButwhyareSingapore’ricshinhibernationwhilethemassesareboldlyspendingtheirincomes?Thegovernment'studycoversaperiod(26)internetconnectivitydoubledto45percentamonghouseholdslivinginthesmallestunitsofferedbythepublichousingagency.Nowonderthatoverallspendingonanumberofthings--fromdigitalcamerastocarownership--declined.Phonecamerasgotbetterandmadedigitalcamerasredundant;inacitywhere

themandatorycertificateofentitlementtoownacarisoften(27)(costly)thanthevehicleitself,ride-hailingappscameasablessing.Cheaperonlinesubstitutesemerged(28)shoppingandentertainment.Themoneyedfolkwillstillmakeasplash,like(29)vacuum-cleanerbillionaireJamesDysonsnappedupaS$73.8millionpenthouse,thecostliestinSingapore'shistory.(30)'sthequiethummingofthecashregistersinhawkercentersthat'smoretellingnow.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ingredientsB.blurredC.positionD.trailsE.toneF.categoriesG.echoedH.exposureI.consensusJ.outstrippedK.pilotLittleheraldsthearrivalofsummerlikethesmellofopenwater,smokygrillsandsunscreen.TheAmericanAcademyofDermatology'official(31)onsunscreen,whichisechoedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration,isthateveryone,regardlessofskin(32),shouldwearitbecause,“anyonecangetskincancer,regardlessofage,genderorrace.Butbecausepeopleofcolorareoftenleftoutofclinical(33)andtreatments,thereisverylittleresearchavailableaboutdark-skinnedpeopleandskincancer.Medicineisaboutbalancingrisks,anditturnsoutthatthebenefitsandrisksofwearingsunscreenwhenyouhavedarkskincanbe(34).Manyexpertsbelievethatthereisnoclearlinkbetweensunexposureandskincanceramongpeoplewithdarkskin,andthereisalsoagrowingbodyofresearchtosuggestthatusingcertaintypesofsunscreenmayactuallybeharmful,nomatterwhousesit.Therearetwobroad(35)ofsunscreen.Thefirstismineral.ThistypeofsunscreenisconsideredsafebytheFDA,aslongitisnotinpowderform.Thesecondcategoryischemical.Thereisno(36)amongscientiststhattheactive(37)inmanychemicalsunscreens,includingoxybenzone,aresafe.Infact,there'newevidencetosuggestthattheymaycarrytheirownhealthrisks.A(38)studythattheFDAreleasedearlierthisyearintheJournalofAmericanMedicalAcademycausedastirbecauseitfoundthatwhenparticipantsappliedaday'worthofcommonsunscreens,theynotonlyabsorbeditschemicalsbutdidsoatlevelsthat(39)atargetFDAtoxicologythreshold.Althoughove-the-countersunscreenproductsarewidelyused,littleisknownaboutsystemic(40)formostactiveingredients,theFDAsaidinawrittenstatement.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（15分）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HappyNewYear!FormanyintheUK,iftheNewYearmeans41,itmeansstartingwithacleanslateandturningoveranewleaf.Andtodothis,manyofusmakeNewYear'sresolutions-alistofwaysthatweintendtoimproveourselvesintheyear42.Wereflectonourpasttransgressionsandresolvenottodothemagain.Refrainingfromsmokingisever43,asisavowto44moreexerciseorspendmoretimewithfamily.ButwheredoestheideaofaNewYear's45comefrom?Theanswermight464,000yearsagoinancientBabylonia,accordingtoH.TheBabyloniansarebelievedtobethefirsttoholdrecordedcelebrationsfortheNewYear.The12-day-longcelebration,Akitu,allowedthemnotonlytoreaffirmtheirloyaltytotheking,orcrownanewone,butalsoto47tothegodstopaytheirdebtsandreturnborrowedobjects.Fortheir'goodbehaviour',theybelievedthegodswouldbestowfavouruponthemfortheyeartocome.Ifnot,therewouldbedivineconsequences!TheRomanstoohad48traditions.NewYear'sDaywasatimewhensenatorswouldsweartheyhad49thelawsandcityleadersandsoldierswouldtakeanoathofloyaltytotheemperor.Incidentally,themonthofJanuary,isnamedaftertheRomangodJanus.Heisthegodofbeginnings,transitionsandtime,amongotherthingsandis51ashavingtwofaces-onelookingtothepastandtheotherfacingforwardtothefuture.TheRomansmaybelonggone,buttheir52liveson.Cometheturnoftheyear,oureyesturn___53___.Welookatself-improvement,reviewourpastmistakes,confessourwrongdoings,seekatonementandtryto54ourselvesingeneral.55,muchliketheBabyloniansandRomans,weseektoreaffirmthebestpartsofourselves,whileleavingthedrossbehind.Whetheryou'relookingataquickbehaviouraltweak,orahugepersonalityoverhaul,you'retakingpartinatraditionthatgoesbackcenturies.Iwishyouallthebeststickingtoyourresolutions.HappyNewYear!41.A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything42.A.beforetimeB.followingC.beforehandD.ahead43.A.populatedB.populousC.popularD.populational44.A.takeforB.takeupC.takeonD.takeoff45.A.resignationB.resistanceC.restorationD.resolution46.A.appearB.lieC.displayD.lay47.A.pledgeB.assureC.promiseD.guarantee48.A.pledgeB.uniqueC.similarD.odd49.A.disapprovedB.protestedC.upheldD.approved50.A.ApparentlyB.IncidentallyC.AccidentlyD.Consequently51.A.prescribedB.depictedC.subscribedD.blackmailed52.A.propertiesB.possessionsC.estatesD.legacy53.A.inwardsB.outwardsC.forwardsD.backwards54.A.promoteB.fuelC.triggerD.upgrade55.A.FortunatelyB.desirablyC.UltimatelyD.SadlySectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.EveryquestionsareprovidedwithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates—atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimatedthatmorethan2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994.Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountryhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour.T'heresult:TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent—twicethenationalaverage,Foradvocatesforthepoor,that'sanindicationmuchmoreneedstobedone."Morepeoplearegettingjobs,butit'snotmakingtheirlivesanybetter,"saysKathyLairn,apolicyanalystattheCenteronBudgetandPolicyPrioritiesinWashingtonAcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatbetween1995and1996,agreaterpercentageofsingle,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincomeforthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown．Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory"Welfarewasapoison.Itwasatoxinthatwaspoisoningthefamily,"saysRobertRector,awelfare-reformpolicyanalyst"Thereforminchangingthemoralclimateinlow-incomecommunities.It'sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmoreimportant."Mr.Rectorandothersarguedthatonce"thehabitofdependencyiscracked,"thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.Whydon'tpeopleenjoytheirbetterliveswhentheygetjobs?A.Becausetheyareusedtorelyingonwelfaretomakelivings.B.Becausethecostoflivingishigherthanbefore.C.Becausemanyfamiliesarebelowaverageincome.D.Becausetheirwagesareverylow.Fromthepassageweknowthatthereconstructionofisthecoreofthereform.A.governmentaidsB.workethicC.welfarefundsD.moralawarenessFromtheexampleoftheAthensCounty,weknowgreateffortsshouldbedoneforthepoorto.A.improvetheirlivingstandardsB.tohelpthembeemployedC.togetthemoffwelfareD.toincreasetheirwageFromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheauthor.A.iscompletelycertainaboutthesuccessofwelfarereformB.thinksthatwelfarereformhasdonelittlegoodforthepoorC.insistswelfarereformhasincreasedthegovernment'sburdenD.considerswelfarereformfundamentallysuccessful(B)ApplyforaTaxFileNumberEverybodywhoreceivesanyincomeinAustralianeedsaTaxFileNumber.Incomeincludeswagesorsalaryfromajob,moneyearnedfrominvestments,andgovernmentpayments.RegisterwithMedicareTheAustralianGovernmentprovideshelpwithmedicalexpensesthroughaschemecalledMedicare.YoumaybeeligibletojoinMedicareandgainimmediateaccesstohealth-careservicesandprogramssuchfreepublichospitalcare,helpwiththecostofout-ofhospitalcare,andsubsidized(获补助的)medicines.Toregister,youshouldwaitapproximatelytenworkingdaysafteryourarrivalandthengotoaMedicareofficewithyourpassportortraveldocuments.Ifyouneedtoseeadoctorurgently,youcanregisterwithMedicarewithoutwaitingtendays.MedicarehasaWelcomeKitwhichistranslatedinto16differentlanguages.ItexplainsMedicareandothergovernmenthealthservicesandtheeligibilityrequirements.ThisbookletisavailablefromMedicareofficesoryoucanreaditontheInternet.OpenabankaccountPeopleinAustraliausuallykeeptheirmoneyinabank,buildingsocietyorcreditunion.Itisadvisabletoopenabankaccountwithinsixweeksofyourarrival,asduringthistimeyouusuallyneedonlyyourpassportasidentification.Aftersixweeks,youwillneedadditionalidentificationtoopenanaccount.RegisterwithCentrelinkNewlyarrivedresidentscanregisterwiththegovernmentagencycalledCentrelinktogethelpwithlookingforwork,havingoverseasskillsrecognized,andaccessingrelevantcourses.CentrelinkalsohasanapplicationformforTaxFileNumbersandcanassistyoutolodgeyourapplicationwiththeTaxOffice.RegisterforEnglishclassesEnglishlanguagecoursesfornewarrivalsinAustraliaareprovidedundertheAdultMigrantEnglishProgram.Asanewresident,youmaybeentitledtoreceivefreeEnglishlanguagetuitionofupto510hours.Getadriver'slicenseIfyouareapermanentresidentvisaholderandhaveacurrentdriver'slicensefrom.Anothercounty,inEnglishorwithanofficialtranslation,youareallowedtodriveforyourfirstthreemonthsafterarrival.Afterthat,youwillneedtohavetheappropriateAustraliandriver'slicense.Togetone,youusuallyneedtopassaknowledgetest,apracticaltest,andaneyesighttest.Licensesfromsomeoverseascountriesdonotrequireapracticaltest.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMedicare?Allhealth-careservicesarefreeforpeopleregistered.It'simpossibletoregisterwithinaweekafteronesarrival.Thereisacharge-forWelcomeKitBooklets.Medicaredoesn'tcoverservicesoutsidehospitals.Newarrivalscanenjoythefollowingprivilegesexcept.aperiodoffreelinguisticinstructiongettingyourqualificationacceptedofficiallypart-of-thecost-paidmedicinesupgradingdrivinglicenseswithoutextratestsWheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?guidebookpublishedbytheAustralianGovernment.AnadvertisementinenAustralianmagazineAbookletonmedicalservicesinAustraliaAnarticleintroducinghowtosavemoneyoversees.(C)Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestsinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearchersme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity'sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitswaythroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividualdissoveryclaimintothecommunity'srediblediscovery.Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingknowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertSzent-Gy?rgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought."Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.Intheend,credibilityahappens"toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind."Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother'sreasoningandeachother'sconceptionsofreason.”ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessrequires.A.strictinspectionB.sharedeffortsC.individualwisdomD.persistentinnovationParagraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterithasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublichasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunityhasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewershasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientistsAlbertSzent-Gy?rgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat.scientificclaimswillsurvivechallengesdiscoveriestodayinspirefuturereseaeffortstomakediscoveriesarejustifiedscientificworkcallsforacriticalmindWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopmentCollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscoveryEvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScienceChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScienceSectionC（8分）Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwiththesentencethatbestfitsthecontext.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Inthisway,companieswillhavemoreproductiveemployeesIntoday'seconomy,wherejobsecurityisathingofthepastandemployeesfeelmoreandmoreexpendableInturn,thisdedicationtothebettermentofcompanyemployeeswillcreategreateremployeeloyalty.ThisisaverylimitingpolicyAndevenifemployeesdoleaveaftergraduation,itgenerallytakesseveralyearstocompleteanydegreeprogram.Openpositionscanbefilledbypeoplewhoalreadyknowthecompanywell.Althoughmanycompaniesoffertuitionreimbursement,mostcompaniesonlyreimburseemployeesforclassesthatarerelevanttotheirposition.67.Acompanythatreimbursesemployeesforallcollegecreditcourses-whetherjobrelatedornot-offersaservicenotonlytotheemployees,buttotheentirecompany.Onegoodreasonforgivingemployeesunconditionaltuitionreimbursementisthatitshowsthecompany'dedicationtoitsemployeesanditisimportantforacompanytodemonstratetoitsemployeesthatitcares.Thebestwaytodothisiswithconcreteinvestmentsinthem.68.Acompanythatputsoutfundstopayfortheeducationofitsemployeeswillgetitsmoneybackbyhavingemployeesstaywiththecompanylonger.Itwillreduceemployeeturnover,becauseevenemployeeswhodon'ttakeadvantageofthetuitionreimbursementprogramwillbemoreloyaltotheircompanyjustknowingthattheircompanycaresenoughtopayfortheiredu