高考英语语法精讲第4讲动词与动词短语考点与提升

【考点一】高考高频动词分类1.接不定式(不接动名词作宾语的24个常用动词afford(买得起;有能力做,agree(同意,arrange(安排,ask(要求;让,beg(请求,fail(失败,choose(选择,decide(决定,demand(要求,determine(决定,expect(期待,fear(害怕,help(帮助,hope(希望,learn(学习,manage(设法,offer(提出,plan(计划,prepare(准备,pretend(假装,promise(许诺,refuse(拒绝,want(想要,wish(希望ItisaveryimportantexamsoIcan’taffordtofailit.这是非常重要的考试,我不可以失败。MyneighbourofferedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.当我困难时,邻居主动提出帮我忙。2.接动名词(不接不定式作宾语的28个常用动词admit(承认,advise(建议,allow(允许,appreciate(感激,avoid(避免,consider(考虑,delay(推迟,deny(否认,dislike(不喜欢,enjoy(喜欢,escape(逃避,fancy(想象,finish(完成,forbid(禁止,stand(忍受,imagine(想象,keep(继续,mention(提到,mind(介意,miss(错过,permit(允许,practise(练习,prohibit(禁止,report(报道,risk(冒险,stop(停止,suggest(建议,understand(理解Ireallyappreciateworkingwithsomeonewhodoessuchagoodjob.我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事。—CanIsmokehere?——我可以在这里吸烟吗?—Sorry.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.——对不起,我们不允许在这里吸烟。3.接不定式作宾补的33个常用动词advise(建议,allow(允许,ask(要求,beg(请求,cause(导致,command(命令,drive(驱使,elect(选举,encourage(鼓励,expect(期望,forbid(禁止,force(强迫,get(使;要,help(帮助,intend(打算,invite(邀请,leave(委托,like(喜欢,mean(打算,need(需要,oblige(迫使,order(命令,permit(允许,persuade(说服,prefer(宁愿,request(要求,remind(提醒,teach(教,tell(告诉,train(训练,want(想要,warn(警告,wish(希望Marywantedtotravelaroundtheworldallbyherself,butherparentsdidnotallowhertodoso.玛丽想独自一人环游世界,但是她父母不允许她这样做。Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。4.接现在分词作宾补的15个常用动词catch(碰上;撞上,discover(发现,feel(感觉,find(发现,get(让,使,have(使,hear(听见,keep(使,listento(听,lookat(看,notice(注意到,observe(观察,see(看见,start(使,watch(观察Sheobservedamanwalkinginthestreet.她看到一个男子在大街上行走。Hehadthelightburningallnightlong.他让灯着了整整一个晚上。5.主动语态中接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词feel(感觉,have(使,hear(听见,let(让,listento(听,lookat(看,make(使;让,notice(注意,observe(观察,see(看见,watch(观察Tobehonest,Ididn’tnoticethemcomein.诚实地说,我没注意到他进来。6.接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词like(喜欢,love(喜爱,hate(讨厌,prefer(宁愿,begin(开始,start(开始,continue(继续,can’tbear(不能忍受,bother(费心,intend(想要,attempt(试图HavingtalkedtohimforawhileIstartedtolikehim.和他聊了一会儿,我开始喜欢他了。Theyhavealreadystartedplanningforit.他们早已开始计划此事了。7.可接双宾语的34个常用单词(1双宾语易位时需借助介词to的19个常用动词award(授予,bring(带来,hand(递,lend(借,mail(邮寄,offer(提供,owe(欠,pass(递,pay(付钱,post(寄,read(读,return(归还,send(送,sell(卖,show(展示,teach(教,tell(告诉,throw(扔,write(写TheyawardedthefirstprizetoJohn.他们授予约翰一等奖。(2双宾语易位时需借助介词for的15个常用动词book(预订,buy(购买,choose(选择,cook(煮,draw(画,fetch(去取,find(找到,fix(安装,get(取得,带来,make(做,order(订购,prepare(准备,save(节省,sing(唱,spare(留出Ican’tsparetimeforaholidayatpresent.目前我抽不出时间度假。8.可用于“动词+sb.+ofsth.”的8个常见动词accuse(控告,cheat(欺骗,cure(治愈,inform(通知,remind(提醒,rid(摆脱,rob(抢劫,warn(警告Thisphotoremindsmeofmyschooldays.这张照片使我想起了学生时代。9.可用于“动词+sb.+fordoingsth.”的8个常见动词blame(指责,criticise(批评,forgive(原谅,excuse(原谅,pardon(原谅,punish(惩罚,scold(指责,thank(感谢Forgivemeforsayingso,butIthinkthat’snonsense.请原谅我这么说,我认为那是无稽之谈。【经典考题】1.—Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell.—Ican’tagreemore.It’sgreattohavethetwo________.A.linkedB.relatedC.connectedD.combined解析:句意为:——在当今时代,妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。——我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。本题考查动词词义辨析。link指将两事物相连接;relate指将两事物联系起来;connect也指将两事物相连接或联系;combine指把两者结合起来。根据句意,故D项正确。答案:D2.Themajorityofpeopleinthetownstrongly________theplantobuildaplaygroundforchildren.A.considerB.supportC.confirmD.submit解析:本题考查动词。句意为:这个镇上大部分人都非常支持为孩子们建操场的计划。consider考虑,认为;support支持,支撑,养活;confirm确认;submit提交,呈递,屈服。根据句意以及副词strongly可得知答案为B项。答案:B3.(2010?天津卷Hetelephonedthetravelagencyto________threeairticketstoLondon.A.orderB.arrangeC.takeD.book解析:句意为:他给旅行社打电话订了三张去伦敦的机票。本题考查动词辨析。order:requestsb.tobring(food,drink,etc.inahotel,restaurant,etc.(在旅馆、饭店等叫(饭菜、饮料等;book:reserve(aplace,accommodation,etc.,buy(aticket,etc.inadvance预订(位子,膳宿等,预购(票等;arrange安排,布置;take拿走,取走。答案:D4.Parents________muchimportancetoeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.A.attachB.payC.linkD.apply解析:句意为:父母认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价的礼物。本题考查动词短语搭配。attachmuchimportanceto...认为„„很重要;link...to...把„„与„„联系起来;apply(...to运用,应用。答案:A5.Thenewmovie________tobeoneofthebiggestmoney?makersofalltime.A.promisesB.agreesC.pretendsD.declines解析:句意为:这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。本题考查动词辨析。promisetobe有希望成为;agreetodosth.同意做某事;pretendtodosth.假装做某事;declinetodosth.拒绝做某事。答案:A【考点二】高考高频动词短语(1base...on...把„„建立在„„基础上(2careabout在乎,计较,介意(常用于否定句和疑问句(3cheerup高兴起来,振作起来(4carryout实施,完成(5catchupwith赶上(6datebackto/from追溯至,始于„„(7holdback阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒(8knockdown撞倒,击倒(9layaside把„„搁置一旁,储存(10workout算出,制定出2.与不同介词(副词搭配的动词breakbreakawayfrom脱离breakdown坏掉,出故障;垮掉breakinto闯入,破门而入breakout(战争爆发breakin破门而入breakoff打断,中断breakthrough逾越,突破;冲破breakup打碎;(物理分解;分开;结束;制止callcallfor需要;邀请callon/at号召;访问callin召集;召来callup召唤,召集;打电话calloff取消comecomeabout发生comeacross偶遇cometo共计,达到,苏醒cometrue变为现实comeup走上前,被提出comeupwith提出comeintobeing形成getgetabout四处走动;传开getacross传达getaway逃脱,设法离开getdown下来;记下getin收割;到达getoff出发;下班gettogether聚会getthrough接通;通过getdownto开始认真干getover克服getalong/onwith进展;相处givegiveup放弃givein屈服giveout用尽;分发giveaway泄露;赠送;颁发giveoff发出giveback归还,使恢复gogoagainst违背;对„„不利goahead开始,进展,进行goafter/for追逐,追求gowithout勉强维持;凑合goinfor爱好,参加,从事gothrough通过;经历goover复习;仔细审查goby过去,经过holdholdback隐瞒;控制(情感holdout维持;抵抗;硬撑holdup使„„耽搁holdon坚持;别挂(电话holdtogether团结一致holdonto保留,抓住不放makemakeupfor补偿,弥补makeout辨认出makefunof取笑makeupone’smind下定决心makesense有道理(意义,讲得通makegood/fulluseof...充分利用„„makeup编造;组成;构成;补齐;凑足putputaside把„„放在一边putaway把„„收好putdown扑灭,平息putforward提出putoff延期;推诿putout扑灭;生产putupwith忍受,容忍putup挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿turnturndown拒绝;调低turnin上交turnout结果是,证明是turnover移交,交给turnup出现;调高turnoff关掉turnon打开turnaway走开turnto求助于;翻到【经典考题】1.Thousandsofpeople________towatchyesterday’smatchagainstIreland.A.turnedonB.turnedinC.turnedaroundD.turnedout解析:句意为:结果成千上万的人观看了昨天对阵爱尔兰的比赛。本题考查动词短语。turnon打开(电器;turnin上交;turnaround转身;turnout结果是,证明是。答案:D2.We’vejustmovedintoabiggerhouseandthere’salottodo.Let’s________it.A.keepupwithB.doawaywithC.getdowntoD.lookforwardto解析:句意为:我们刚搬进一幢较大的房子,有许多事要做。让我们着手做吧。本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“跟上”;B项意为“废除,去掉”;C项意为“开始,着手做”;D项意为“期望”。答案:C3.Afterthat,heknewhecould________anyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.A.getawaywithB.getonwithC.getthroughD.getacross解析:句意为:之后,他明白了只要尽其所能,把能力发挥到最好就能解决任何紧急事件。getawaywith意为“带着„„逃脱,离开”;getonwith意为“继续做”;getthrough意为“通过,做完,解决”;getacross意为“越过,被理解,通过”。根据句意可知答案为C项。答案:C4.Nomatterhowlowyouconsideryourself,thereisalwayssomeone________youwishingtheywerethathigh.A.gettingridofB.gettingalongwithC.lookinguptoD.lookingdownupon解析:句意为:无论你把自己看得多么的低微,总是有人仰慕你并希望(像你那么高大。本题考查动词词组辨析。lookupto仰视、尊敬;getridof除掉;getalongwith相处、进展;lookdownupon轻视、看不起。答案:C5.Joiningthefirmasaclerk,hegotrapidpromotion,and________asamanager.A.endedupB.droppedoutC.camebackD.startedoff解析:句意为:他进入公司时只是一个小职员,后来晋升很快,最终当上了经理。本题考查动词短语辨析。endupas+职位/职业表示“最终做了某职位或职业”;dropout退学或退出;comeback回来;startoff出发。答案:A【2011全国卷,34】Williamfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningto________.【答案】C【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】disappear消失,不复存在;fall降落,跌倒,降低;fail(指健康衰退,衰弱;damage损害,毁坏,加害于。句意为“William发现阅读越来越困难了,因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasinglydifficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程,故选C。【2011全国卷II,10】Mary,I_____Johnofhispromisetohelpyou.A.toldB.remindedC.warnedD.advised【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“玛丽,我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind„of„就„提醒(某人,使(某人想起„;warn含有警告的意思。【2011天津卷,6】I________abankaccountafterImade﹩1,000bydoingapart-timejobduringthesummervacation.【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后,我在银行开了帐户。”openabankaccount在银行开帐户。【2011江苏卷,28】——Areyoustillmadather?——Notreally,butIcan’t______thatherremarkshurtme.A.denyB.refuseC.rejectD.decline【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“——你还生她的气吗?——不见得,但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认,否定;refuse,reject,decline都是拒绝的意思。notdeny无法否认。故选A。【2011福建卷,28】I’dpreferto________myjudgementuntilIfindalltheevidence.【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等,推迟,留到以后,与后面的until相一致。【2011安徽卷,21】Asthestory______,thetruthaboutthestrangefigureisslowlydiscovered.A.beginsB.happensC.endsD.develops【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“随着故事的展开,这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”develop开发,发展,把(主题或情节逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,26】Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful,buttheymayalso________ourthinking.A.directB.limitC.changeD.improve【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果我们想要获得成功,知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示,指引,导演(戏剧或电影;指挥(管弦乐队;limit限制;change改变;improve改进,改善。根据句中but的转折,选B。【2011湖北卷,27】Theministersaid.“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties,butwe’llnever_______withcriminals.”A.negotiateB.quarrelC.argueD.consult【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】negotiate谈判;quarrel吵架,争吵;argue辩论,争辩;consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说:‘我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论,但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。’”根据句意选A。【2011湖北卷,28】Clinicalevidencebeganto__________,suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals.A.operateB.strenghtenC.approveD.accumulate【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明:比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计,这些新药具有更加广泛有用性。”operate手术,操作;strengthen加强;approve赞成;accumulate积累,(数量逐渐增加。故选D。【2011辽宁卷,22】Whatareyoudoingoutofbed,Tom?You're________tobeasleep.,A.supposedB.knownC.thoughtD.considered【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“Tom,你不睡觉做什么?你现在应该睡觉。”outofbed未上床,起床的意思,besupposedtodo应当,应该。【2011辽宁卷,24】Youareoldenoughto________yourownliving.A.winB.gainC.takeD.earn【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你长大了,可以自谋生路了。”earnone’sliving谋生,固定搭配。【2011全国卷,26】Icanthehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit’snotclean.A.comeupwithB.putupwithC.turntoD.stickto【答案】B【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍,但是脏我讨厌。”comeupwith想出,提出;putupwith忍受,容忍;turnto转向,翻书到,求助于,(使变成;stickto坚持,紧跟,粘住,忠于。不整洁的;凌乱的【2011天津卷,8】Sheanoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.A.turneddownB.dealtwithC.tookafterD.cameacross【答案】D【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“昨天在百货商店购物时,她遇上了她的老朋友。”turndown拒绝;dealwith对付,处理;takeafter长得像,性格类似于,效仿;comeacross穿过,越过,偶然遇见。【2011山东卷,25】Theyarebroadeningthebridgeto________theflowoftraffic.A.putoffB.speedupC.turnonD.workout【答案】B【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。”putoff推迟;speedup加快;turnon打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等,(使感兴趣;(使兴奋;workout算出,实现。拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量,故选B。【2011江苏卷,30】——Youlookupset.What’sthematter?——Ihadmyproposal_______again.A.turnedoverB.turnedonC.turnedoffD.turneddown【答案】D【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“——你看上去不高兴,怎么啦?——我的建议又遭到拒绝了。”turnover翻身,翻转,把„„移交;turnon打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等,(使感兴趣;(使兴奋;turnoff关掉(电器、水龙头等,使厌烦;turndown关小(音量等,拒绝。根据句意选D。【2011福建卷,31】Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwas________tovaluethesenseofsharing.A.broughtupB.turneddownC.lookedafterD.heldback【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“出身在一个三兄弟家庭,David受到了要看重与人分享的教育。”bringup教育,养育(孩子,呕吐(食物;turndown关小(音量等,拒绝;lookafter照顾;holdback阻碍,抑制,隐瞒。【2011安徽卷,34】Ifyou_____faultsbutyoustillwantthebicycle,asktheshopassistanttoreducetheprice.A.comeacrossB.careaboutC.lookforD.focusupon【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要,你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”comeacross偶然遇到;careabout关心,在乎;lookfor寻找;focusupon专注于。【2011浙江卷,6】Theschoolisn’ttheoneIreallywantedtogoto,butIsupposeI’lljusthaveto__________it,A.makethebestofB.getawayfromC.keepaneyeonD.catchupwith【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的,但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”makethebestof充分利用,尽量好好去做;getawayfrom逃离;keepaneyeon照看,,留心;注意;catchupwith追上,赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化,选A。【2011浙江卷,12】Hedecidedthathewoulddriveallthewayhomeinsteadof______atahotelforthenight.A.puttingdownB.puttingoffC.puttingonD.puttingup【答案】D【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“他决定一路驾车回家,不在旅馆留宿。”putdown放下,平定,镇压,记下;putoff推迟;puton穿上,戴上,上演,假装,增加;putup举起,建立,张贴,投宿。根据句意选D。【2011四川卷,7】Togetabettergrade,youshould__________thenotesagainbeforethetest.A.gooverB.getoverC.turnoverD.takeover【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“为了获得好成绩,你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。”goover审查,复习,重温从头到尾检查一遍;getover越过,完成,克服(困难,从(疾病、失望、震惊等中恢复过来;turnover翻身,翻转,把„„移交;takeover接管;接替。【2011四川卷,14】Ioften________thewordsIdon’tknowinthedictionaryoronthelnternet.A.lookupB.lookatC.lookforD.lookinto【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“我经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。”lookup查(单词、电话号码等;lookat看,注视(某人或某物;lookfor寻找;lookinto深入地检查,研究,调查。【2011陕西卷,25】Someinsects________thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.A.takeinB.takeoffC.takeonD.takeout【答案】C【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】takein吸收,欺骗;takeoff拿走,取下,脱去(衣服等,起飞;takeon承担,呈现,雇用;takeout把„带出去,清除,除掉。句意为“一些昆虫为了保护自己,让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”【2011湖北卷,29】Thegovernmenthastakenmeasuresto_________thehighpricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstable.A.takedownB.bringdownC.handdownD.teardown【答案】B【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。”takedown拆卸,记录,记下;bringdown使(某物或某人掉下〔倒下〕,击败,降(价;handdown把„传递下来,遗留;流传;teardown拆毁;拆卸。根据后面的“保持市场的稳定”选B。【2011辽宁卷,26】Theexamresultswillbe________onFridayafternoon.A.putdownB.putoffC.putupD.putaway【答案】C【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“考试结果将在星期五下午公布。”putdown放下,平定,镇压,记下;putoff推迟;putup举起,建立,张贴,投宿;putaway放好,储存,抛弃。根据句意选C。【2011江西卷35】Youcan’tpredicteverything.Oftenthingsdon’t____asyouexpect.A.runoutB.breakoutC.workoutD.putout.【答案】C【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】runout耗尽;breakout打破;workout算出,实现;putout扑灭。句意为“你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。”选C。1.(2011?山东淄博模拟Theheadmasterwill________aspeechtothevisitingforeigngueststhisafternoon.A.deliverB.addressC.announceD.declare解析:句意为:今天下午校长将要对来访的外宾发表讲话。deliver发表,deliveraspeech发表演讲。addresssb.对某人讲话,对某人发表演说;announce宣布,通告;declare宣告,声明。答案:A2.(2011?东北三校模拟—IthinkIshouldwearadressinsteadofthisjeans.—It’sjustasmallinformalparty,soyoudon’thaveto________.A.warmupB.putupC.dressupD.keepup解析:句意为:——我觉得我应该穿礼服不能穿牛仔服。——这只是一个不太正式的小聚会,因此,你不必刻意打扮。dressup穿上特殊服装,乔装,化妆。答案:C3.(2011?山东临沂Ifyoukeeppractisingyoursoninfootball,he________tomakeafamousplayer.A.wantsB.hopesC.promisesD.wishes解析:句意为:如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练,他有希望成为一个著名的球员。promise有前途,有„„的可能。答案:C4.(2011?山东烟台模拟Newly­developedmaterialsforspaceshipscan________extremeweatherconditions.A.holdB.supportC.standD.compete解析:句意为:新研发的航空材料能经受极端天气条件的考验。stand抵抗,抵御,经受,符合语境。答案:C5.(2011?杭州模拟Everyoneinthevillagehopedthathewould________afterafewdays’treatment.A.pickupB.comeupC.keepupD.makeup解析:句意为:村里的每一个人都希望他能在几天的治疗后康复。pickup好转,恢复;comeup走上前来,发芽,发生;keepup保持;makeup编造,弥补,化装,构成。答案:A6.(2011?山东枣庄调研Hedidn’t________whatIsaidbecausehismindwasonsomethingelse.A.holdonB.hangonC.takeinD.getover解析:句意为:他没有理解我说的话,因为他刚才想别的呢。takein理解,领会;holdon不挂断;hangon坚持,不挂断,靠着,渴望;getover爬过,克服,熬过,恢复。答案:C7.(2010?3月济南模拟Stellawasdisappointedtofindhernewplan________andfellintogreatdepression.A.putawayB.carriedoutC.turneddownD.leftout解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：Stella看到她的计划被拒绝非常失望，难以振作。awayput收起来，放好；carryout完成；turndown拒绝；leaveout漏掉，忽略。答案：C8．(2010?4月济南模拟Whattheyoungmancan’t________isthathismumalwaystreatshimlikeababy.A．supportB．undertakeC．holdD．bear解析：考查动词辨析。bear此处表示“忍受”；support表示“支持”；undertake表示“从事”；hold则表示“容纳”。根据语意“那个年轻人无法容忍的是„„”，选D项。答案：D9．(2010?4月济南模拟Internetshoppingisreally________whenpeoplearesu