新编简明英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史选择题14century【下poetry】I.GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里乔叟TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷大教堂故事集》ThefatherofmodernEnglishpoetry.TheGawain-Poet（romance传奇故事）SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》Beowulf（an.Engljshepic）.4.贝奥武夫2TheRenaissanceperiod/thereignofQueenElizabeth.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙斯宾塞TheFaerieQueen《仙后》（forQueenElizabeth）Thethemesomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfulloves”.Thepoets'poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet'scornerofWesterminsterAbbey..WilliamShakespeare威廉莎士比亚【poetry/drama]ThegreatestofallElizabethandramatists,heistheauthorof37plays.FourTragedies:Hamlet《哈姆莱特》Othello《奥赛罗》KingLear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》FourComedies:AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》；TwelfthNight《第十二夜》；AMidsummerNight'SDeam《仲夏夜之梦》；MerchantOfVenice《威尼斯商人》ShakespeareSonnet:154<TheSonnets>Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.17century5...John..Donne…约翰•邓恩theMetaphysicalpoet（玄学派诗人）./met?'fizikl/.JohnMilton约翰弥尔顿失明后写Epics:ParadiseLost《失乐园》、ParadiseRegained《复乐园》Dramaticpoem:SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》.John.Dryden〜约翰德莱顿Theneoclassicist新古典主义者,也是戏剧家Drydendisplayedhistalentsindifferentfieldsofliterature.Heisthemasterofsatirical（讽刺的）verse,buthealsocreatedbrilliantodes.Histranslation/Inprose,hisliterarycriticism/Anexcellentpoet8.Christopher.Marlowe_克里加托弗・马洛【下Englishdrama]Marloweisoneofthefirstplaywrightstouseblankverse...、.（无韵诗一）…inEnglishdrama..JohnBunyan约翰班扬ThePilgrim'sProgress《天路历程》：Itisaproseallegorydepictingthepilgrimageofahumansoulinsearchofsalvation.宗教寓言Puritanpoet（清教徒派诗人）18century.DanielDefoe丹尼尔笛福ThelifeandAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流t己》.一一一口,一「"，一一…口一.JonathanSwift乔纳斯斯威夫特Gulliver'sTravels《格列夫游记》辛辣讽刺.SamuelRichardson塞缪尔理查森Epistolarynovel:Pamela帕梅拉orVirtueRewardedhasbeenacceptedasthefirstEnglishnovel.Clarissa,ortheHistoryofAYoungLadyishisbestnovel.ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage.HenryFielding亨利菲尔丁TheHistoryofTomJones,aFounding《弃婴汤姆琼斯》Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel"Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose散文体史诗），andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.Thepreromanticperiod.WilliamBlake威廉布莱克Songsof.Innocence«天真之歌》……SongsofExperience《经验之歌》.Robert.Burns一罗伯特彭斯ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18century.Scotland/PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialectThe..Romantic.period：.William.Wordsworth..Samuel.TaylorColeridge.柯尔律治、…一Byron>Shelley..…"..KeatsWilliam.Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯In.1798,LyricaJ.Ballads..幺抒情一歌谣集》……（with.Coleridge1Its.publicationthmarkedthebreakwiththeconventionalpoeticaltraditionofthe18centuryandthebeginningoftheromanticperiodinEngland..GeorgeGordon,LordByron乔治戈登拜伦Byronichero"isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.Childe.HaroldL_s_Pilgrima（ge恰尔彳惠?哈罗彳惠尔游记》（poem）.恰尔德哈罗彳惠是拜伦诗歌中第一个拜伦式英雄”。Don.Juan...«>璜»（poem）..PercyByssheShelley波西比西•雪莱PoeticDrama:PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》Lyrics:OdetotheWestWind《西风颂》symbolizesrebirth,creativepowerandfreedom.Ifwintercomes-canSpringbefarbehind?Shelley.JohnKeats约翰济慈：擅长写ode（颂）OdetoAutumn《秋颂》Qde..o.n..a.Grecian.Urn《希腊古瓮颂》OdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》.JaneAusten简奥斯汀realist..SenseandSensibility《理智与感情》PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield.Park……《曼斯菲尔德山庄》Emma《爱玛》TheVictorianPeriod:Tennyson、RobertBrowning、ElizabethBarrettBrowning、MatthewArnold.TheBront?Sisters勃朗特姐妹CharlotteBront?夏洛蒂勃朗特：JaneEyre《简爱》Emily..Bront?艾米莉勃朗特：WutheringHeights….《呼啸山庄》.GeorgeEliot乔治艾略特（女）TheMillantheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》Middlemarch《米德尔马契》.CharlesDickens查尔斯狄更斯criticalrealistwriter批判现实主义小说家Pickwickpapers《匹克威克外传》Oliver.Twist―《雾都孤儿》David.Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔》BleakHouse《荒凉山庄》GreatExpectations《远大前程》Hard.Times.….《艰难时世》.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉？麦克匹斯？萨克雷VanityFair《名禾场》:thenameisanexcerptfrom"ThePilgrimProgress"byJohnBunyan..ThomasHardy托马斯哈代：pessimism消极TheMayorofCasterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》TessoftheD'Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》JudetheObscure《无名的裘德》MostofHardy'sworkshavethegloomy,sullenlandscapeofWessexinthebackground..Alfred,LordTennyson阿尔弗莱德丁尼生（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人）.RobertBrowning罗伯特白朗宁MyLast.Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》:heEnglishlanguage.（戏居U手法）TheRingandtheBook《环与书》The20thcentury.GeorgeBernardShaw乔治伯纳萧criticalrealisticdramatist英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家Playsunpleasant:Widowers'Houses《鳏夫的房产》、…Mrs.…Warren'sProfession《华伦夫人的职业》Plays:Major.Barbara..…《芭芭拉上校》.JosephConrad.约瑟夫•康纳德OfConradsshortstories,“HeartofDarkness“isbest-known.Thestreamofconsciousnessnovels意识流，小说：Virginia.Woolf.一一二JamesJoyce30.VirginiaWoolf弗吉尼亚•沃尔芙Mrs.Dalloway《达洛维夫人》To.the.Lighthouse《到灯塔去》.JamesJoyce詹姆斯・乔伊斯APortrait..of.the.Artist.as.a.Young.Man《年轻艺术家的肖像画》Ulyss.es...《尤利西斯》The..New.Poetry.jn.the.20th..Century:William..Butler.Yeats.威廉•勃特勒,叶茨（IrelandJrish……一）T.S.ElioL.DavidHerbertLawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯Son.and.Lovers……《儿子与情人》名词解释.romance:Itbecameapopurlarformofliterature.Theyaretalesofadventureinwhichknights,ordistressedladies,experiencedvarioustestsandhadtheirwisheseventuallyfulfilled.Thereasonsfortheiradventurescouldbelove,religiousfaith,orthemeredesireforexcitement..TheRenaissance:Theworldrenaissancemeansrebirth."ItmeantthereintroductionintoWesternEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceandRome.ThemovementchangedthemedievalWesternthEuropeintoamodernone.ItfirststartedinItalyduringthe14centurywhentheredevelopedaninterestinthemanuscriptssurvivingfromancientGreeceandRome.Classicallearningandphilosophywereenthusiasticallystudied.TheintellectualwisdomofancientGreeceandRomeencouragedarebirthofhumanspirit,arealizationofhumanpotentialfordevelopmentandcreation.Neverbeforeinhumanhistoryweremenandwomensoeagertocreateanddiscoversomethingnew.InItalyagroupofartists、writersetc.createdthemostbrilliantpageofcultureandscienceinRenaissanceEurope.ThepassionatePetrarchproducedsonnetsthatinfluencedShakespeareandmanyothers..UniversityWits:AtthebeginningoftheElizabethanAge,agroupofOxfordandCambridgegraduatescametoLondonwiththeambitiontobecomeprofessionalwriters.Theywereeagertoputwhattheyhadlearnedatuniversitiesbeforethepublic.Theyworkedaspoets,prose-writersandplaywrights.Thisgrough,laterknownastheUniversityWits'[consistsofagroupoftalentedyoungwriters.JohnLylyistheauthoroftheprosecomedyAlexanderandCampaspe.ThomasKydcomposedoneoftheearlymasterpiecesofEnglishtragedy,TheSpanishTragedy.ChristopherMarloweisthemostoutstandingdramatistamongthegroup.Theirdramaticworks,thoughuneveninquality,areimportantcontributionstoEnglishdrama.TheyhelpedtofreeEnglishtragedyfromartificialrestrictionsimposedbyclassicalauthorityandtheydevelopedacomedytraditionthatismoreclosetolife.TheirplayspavedthewayforthecreationofmanyofShakespearesmasterpieces..HeroicDrama:TheheroicdramahelpedtoboostthemoraleoftheEnglishpeople,whoneededheroismbadlyafterthechaoticCivilWar.Moralbehaviorswereonceagainemphasizedandpraised.Theheroicplays,oftencharacterizedbyrichcostumesandexoticscenes,dealtwithstrongemotionalconflicts.Theherowasoftentornbetweenhispassionandhishonorordutytohiscountry.Theheroicdramawascommonlywritteninrhymedheroiccouples.However,thereareexceptions.DrydensAllforLove,thoughwritteninblankverse,haveallthetypicalcharacteristicsoftheheroicdrama..ComedyofManners:ThecomedyofmannersreferstothemorerealisticandsatiricalcomedyoftheRestorationperiod,aspracticedbyWilliamWycherleyandWilliamCongreve.Itisnamedsobecausetheseplaysareconcernedwiththemannersandconventionsofanartificialsociety.Thecomedyofthetimereflectedthefashions,manners,andoutlookonlifeofatypicalsocialgroup.Thecharactersinthecomedyofmannersoftenhaveasingletrait;theycanbeheartlessorclever.Theyarepresentedastypicalexamplesofaclassofpeopleratherthanreallifeindividuals.Satireisitsmainattraction.Thecomedyofmannersoftenmockspeoplesunnaturalbehavior”论述题1.Hamlet:Hamletiscertainlythemostwellknown.Theplayischaracterizedbyitsuncertainties.Hamlethasbeendescribedasmelancholicandneurotic,ashavinganOdipuscomplex,asbeingafailureandindecisive,aswellasbeingahero,aperfectRenaissanceprince.TobeornottobeisthecenterofHamletuesti6nisig,andalsohasbecomeauniversalquestionpuzzlingeveryintellectualmind.Reasonsnottogoonlivingoutnumberreasonsforliving.Buthegoesonlivinguntilhecompleteshisrevenge.Hisprogressisa“struggleofbecoming”—ofcomingtotermswithlife,andlearningtoacceptit,withallitsdrawbacksandchallenges."Monologues“intheplayarecomprehensiveandcompletepictureofthetragedyofthementalityofthemaincharacter,atthattimereflectedthepeople'ssociallife,goodandevil,justiceandcorruption.ItisthesemonologuesthatHamlethasthedeepspiritofhumanismanddeepthinking.HamletprojectedShakespearesvisionofpoliticalchaosin17th-centuryEngland.Moralcorruptionisaseriousconcernanditisrepetitivelyannouncedintheplay.Thelossoffidelityandtrueloveisanothersignofmoraldecline.2.Othello:Atight-knittragedy,portraysthefallofOthello,agreatMoorservingasageneralintheVenetianarmy.Theobjectofhisjealouslyishisinnocentwife.ThetragedyofOthellodemonstrateshoweasilyanobleheartcanbedestroyed.Thesamequalitythatmakesamangreatmayalsomakehimmorevulnerabletohumanmalignance.Othello’snobilityandhonestyareoutbalancedbypassionandcredulity.Heallowshissenseofhonorandvirtuetodevelopbeyondareasonablelimit.Hefailstodistinguishtruthfromfalsehood.Thisleadstohisfinalfallintobarbarism.Iago,theevildeceiver,knowshismaster’sweakness,drawshimintomistakenjealousyandruinsthelivesofthenewly-wedcouple.IagoisShakespeare’soutrightvillain,themostdebasedhumancreature.Hishostileactionsdonotneedmotivation.Thetragedyisthemostrealistictragedyofhistimeinmanyways,asitisthetruereflectionofhistimeandhissociety.Inaddition,thestoryhasnothingtodowiththeancientGreekandRomanmythology,anditalsohasnothingtodowiththemedievalages.ThestorytookplaceinVeniceofItalywhichwasthemostadvancedcountryatthattime..KingLear:Thetragedyiscausedbythesamehumanfolly:thelossofone'sabilitytomakesoundjudgments.Theplayis,intheopinionofmany,hisgreatesttragedy,beyondtheothersinitscosmicthemesanddepthoftragicfeeling.Itexploresquestions:isthereanymeaningororderorjusticeinthecosmos?Isnaturebeneficentormalevolentorsimplyindifferenttohumankind?Ishumansufferingmeaninglessorcanitleadtoinsightandwisdom?Hisplaysdonotpresentanysolutions.Inthisplay,thekingwastakenfromtheheightofpowertothelimitsofendurance,reducedtonothingbuta'poorbarefokedanimal’.Shakespeareisexploringandredefiningthegeographyofhumansoul,takinghischaractersandhisaudiencefurtherthananyotherwriterintothedepthsofhumanbehaviour.Theplayhastwoplots:oneinvolvesthekingandthreedaughters,theotherGloucester,Lear'scouncilor,andhistwosons.Thetwoplotsintermingleandreinforceeachother.Learsuffersfromhismisjudgmentandirresponsibility.ButLeargainsnewknowledgeofhumannaturethroughthesesufferings.LoveisanotherforcethatalleviatesLear’ssuffering.C